DATA QUERY LANGUAGE THERE IS ONLY ONE COMMAND UNDER DQL THAT IS SELECT COMMAND.

THE SELECT COMMAND IS USED TO SELECT DATA FROM THE DATABASE. THE BASIC SYNTAX OF
SELECT IS SELECT * | FROM [WHERE ] SELECT * FROM EMP; SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE
JOB='CLERK'; WHERE THE CONDITION WILL CONSIST OF TWO VALUES CONSTANT ADVANCED
CONSTANT COL NAME BASIC COL NAME EXPRESSION EXPRESSION WHAT IS AN OPERATOR? AN
OPERATOR IS A PREDEFINED FUNCTION THAT RETURNS A BOOLEAN VALUE AFTER COMPARING
TWO OR MORE SPECIFIED VALUES. IN CASE OF THE = OPERATOR , IT WILL CHECK IF THE
TWO GIVEN VALUES ARE EQUAL IF THEY ARE THEN = WILL RETURN TRUE ELSE IT WILL
RETURN FALSE. BASIC RELATIONAL OPERATORS 1. = 2. <> 3. != 4. ^= 5. > 6. < 7.
>= 8. <= ADVANCED RELATIONAL OPERATORS 1. IN 2. NOT IN 3. IS NULL 4. IS NOT
NULL 5. BETWEEN 6. NOT BETWEEN 7. LIKE 8. NOT LIKE EXAMPLES FOR USING BASIC
RELATIONAL OPERATORS SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE 7788=EMPNO; SELECT * FROM EMP
WHERE 800>=SAL; = WILL DISPLAY THE SALARIES <= TO 800 SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE
EMPNO=7788; SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL>1000; SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE
SAL<1000; SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL>=1000; SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE
SAL<=1000; SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO!=10; SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE
DEPTNO<>10; SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO^=10; LOGICAL OPERATORS THERE ARE 3
LOGICAL OPERATORS 1. AND 2. OR 3. NOT A LOGICAL OPERATOR WILL CHECK 2 OR MORE
CONDITIONS AND RETURN A BOOLEAN VALUE. IF THE CONDITION IS SATISFIED THEN A
LOGICAL OPERATOR WILL RETURN TRUE ELSE IT WILL RETURN FALSE. AND OPERATOR:THE AND OPERATOR WILL RETURN A BOOLEAN VALUE IT WILL RETURN TRUE IF BOTH
CONDITIONS THAT AND IS CHECKING RETURN TRUE, OTHERWISE IT WILL RETURN FALSE.
AND RESULT T T T F T F T F F F F F EXAMPLE :- DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHO ARE
EARNING SALARY BETWEEN 1000 AND 3000 SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL > = 1000 AND
SAL < = 3000; 2500 OR OPERATOR:- THIS IS A LOGICAL OPERATOR THAT WILL CHECK
TWO CONDITIONS AND RETURN TRUE IF ANY ONE OF THE TWO CONDITIONS IS SATISFIED.
OR RESULT T T T F T T T F T F F F EXAMPLE :- DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHO ARE
EARNING SALARY LESS THAN 1000 OR GREATER THAN 3000 SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL
< = 1000 OR SAL > = 3000; NOT OPERATOR :- THE NOT OPERATOR WILL SIMPLY REVERSE
THE GIVEN CONDITION DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHO DO NOT WORK IN DEPTNO 10
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE NOT (DEPTNO=10); DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHO ARE NOT
EARNING SALARY LESS THAN 1000 OR GREATER THAN 3000 SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE NOT
(SAL < = 1000 OR SAL > = 3000); ADVANCED RELATIONAL OPERATORS IN OPERATOR THE
IN OPERATOR CHECKS IF THE LEFT VALUE IS IN THE GIVEN VALUE LIST. IF IT FOUND
THEN IN WILL RETURN TRUE OTHERWISE IT WILL RETURN FALSE SELECT * FROM WHERE IN
(); EG SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB IN ('CLERK','MANAGER'); SELECT * FROM EMP
WHERE DEPTNO IN (10,20); SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO IN (10,100,200); NOT
IN THE NOT IN OPERATOR CHECKS IF THE LEFT VALUE IS NOT IN THE GIVEN VALUE
LIST. IF IT FOUND THEN IN WILL RETURN FALSE OTHERWISE IT WILL RETURN TRUE
SELECT * FROM WHERE NOT IN (); EG SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB NOT IN
('CLERK','MANAGER'); SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO NOT IN (10,20); SELECT *
FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO NOT IN (10,100,200); IS NULL :- THE IS NULL OPERATOR
WILL CHECK TO SEE IF TH GIVEN VALUE IS A NULL VALUE. IF NULL THEN IT WILL
RETURN TRUE ELSE IT WILL RETURN FALSE SELECT * FROM WHERE IS NULL; EG:- SELECT
* FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NULL; IS NOT NULL :- THE IS NOT NULL OPERATOR WILL
CHECK TO SEE IF TH GIVEN VALUE IS A NOT NULL VALUE. IF IT IS NOT NULL THEN IT
WILL RETURN TRUE ELSE IT WILL RETURN FALSE SELECT * FROM WHERE IS NOT NULL;
EG:- SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NOT NULL; BETWEEN :- THE BETWEEN OPERATOR
WILL CHECK TO SEE IF THE LEFT VALUE IS IN THE GIVEN VALUE RANGE SELECT * FROM
WHERE BETWEEN AND ; EG:- SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL BETWEEN 800 AND 1500; NOT

BETWEEN :- THE NOT BETWEEN OPERATOR WILL CHECK TO SEE IF THE LEFT VALUE IS NOT
IN THE GIVEN VALUE RANGE SELECT * FROM WHERE NOT BETWEEN AND ; EG:- SELECT *
FROM EMP WHERE SAL NOT BETWEEN 800 AND 1500; LIKE :- THE LIKE OPERATOR WILL
CHECK TO SEE IF THE LEFT VALUE MATCHES THE GIVEN STRING PATTERN IF IT WILL
MATCH THEN LIKE WILL RETURN TRUE OTHERWISE IT WILL RETURN FALSE. THE LIKE
OPERATOR WILL USE TWO WILD CARDS % AND _ % - REPRESENTS A SET OF CHARACTERS IN
A CHARACTER STRING _ - REPRESENTS A SINGLE CHARACTER IN A CHARACTER STRING
DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHOSE NAME BEGINS WITH 'S' SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE
ENAME LIKE 'S%'; DIPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHOSE ENAME IS ENDING WITH 'S' SELECT
* FROM EMP WHERE ENAME LIKE'%S'; DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHOSE ENAME IS 4
CHARS IN LENGTH select * from emp where ename like '____' DISPLAY THOSE
EMPLOYEES WHOSE ENAME HAS 'M' IN THE SECOND POSITION SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE
ENAME LIKE '_M%';