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Marine Electricity Questions &answers
Marine Electricity Questions &answers
Cooling air intake and exhaust are not blocked and free of dust and dirt
Clean rotor and stator with low pressure compressed air
Oil deposits can be removed by clean with special degreasant
Minor insulation leak can be repaired by air drying varnish
Rotor slip ring to be checked for wear
Check correct brush pressure using pull-type spring balance.
12. How will you confirm solenoid is working or not?
13. What kind of starter could be used for force draught fan for the boiler?
A) DOL
14. How to check the insulation resistance of a DC motor?
A) OHM meter
15. How to use a voltmeter for synchronization in the absence of synchroscope and synchronizing
lamps?
A) Connect a 500v voltmeter across one phase of incoming machine circuit breaker
Adjust the generator speed until voltmeter slowly fluctuates from zero to maximum. Close the
breaker when voltmeter passes through zero.
16. How does earth fault detector work?
A) RCDs (Residual current detection) operate by measuring the current balance between two
conductors using a differential current transformer. This measures the difference between the
current flowing through the live conductor and that returning through the neutral conductor. If
these do not sum to zero, there is a leakage of current to somewhere else (to earth/ground, or to
another circuit), and the device will open its contacts.
Residual current detection is complementary to over-current detection. Residual
current detection cannot provide protection for overload or short-circuit currents, except for the
special case of a short circuit from live to ground (not live to neutral).
For a RCD used with three-phase power, all live conductors and the neutral must pass
through the current transformer.
generator for some reason loses the residual magnetization of its main poles, a residual magnetic
flux can be created by letting a current from an external source flow through the field winding in
the required direction.
23. What is the function of AVR?
also known as the "Automatic Voltage Regulator"
It is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.
It regulates the sudden flow of electric current from AC supply.
It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic
components.
Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.
24. How will you find out earth fault in the system?
The seriousness of the action to be taken on an Earth Fault depends on the part of the electrical
system it affects. Conventional ships which operate on 3 Phase, 440V, have earth fault indicators
installed on all three phases. Any earth fault on a 440V system is considered to be a serious
trouble and immediate action is required to identify the faulty circuit. Any earth fault on 220V or
any low voltage lighting circuit can be considered as important but need not require immediate
attention. However, attention should be paid at the next earliest opportunity.
Whenever there is an earth fault alarm, immediately inform to electrical officer (if he is on
board). First action is to check the trueness of the alarm. Usually there will be a test button which
when pressed, resets the alarm and rechecks the condition of the earth fault.
If the ship is having IAS (Integrated Automation System), check on the computer in the list of
events after which the alarm has activated. If IAS facility is not available, there is only one
option of isolating each and every machinery in the 440 V circuit and check whether the earth
fault indication returns back to normal.
Isolation of all machinery, which operates on 440V, is not always possible. Certain critical
equipment like steering gear and lubricating oil pumps cannot be isolated for when the ship is
underway. However changeover can be done from running machinery to the standby one and
thus the earth fault can be found.
25. What is reverse power protection for?
A) Generator intended to operate in parallel must have reverse power protection.
A reverse power relay monitors the direction of power flowing between the generator and the
load. If the prime-mover failure occurs the generator would act as a motor. The reverse power
relay would detect the fault and acts to trip the generator circuit-breaker.
26. What is Wheatstone bridge?
A) A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by
balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component. Its
operation is similar to the original potentiometer.
27. Draw the synchroscope system?
28. What do you understand by preferential trip and when they operate?
A) Preferential trip is provided to safe guard the machineries which are important for safety of ship
& safety of personnel onboard.
Preferential trips are designed to disconnect the non-essential services i.e., Breakers controlling
Air Conditioning, Galley power, blowers, refrigeration) in the event of partial overload or partial
failure of the supply, with the aim of preventing operation of the main breaker trip & loss of
power to essential services.
29. Describe AC and DC? Where DC is used on board ships?
A) The difference between AC and DC is that AC is an alternating current (the amount of electrons)
that flows in both directions and DC is direct current that flows in only one direction;
The wires outside of our house are connected at two ends to AC generators. DC is found in
batteries and solar cells.
alternating current varies with time, sinusoidally... where as DC remains steady.
DC use:- battery charging
30. What is induction motor?
A) An induction or asynchronous motor is a type of AC motor where power is supplied to the rotor
by means of electromagnetic induction, rather than a commutator or slip rings as in other types
of motor.
In both induction and synchronous motors, the stator is powered with alternating current
(polyphase current in large machines) and designed to create a rotating magnetic field which
rotates in time with the AC oscillations. In a synchronous motor, the rotor turns at the same rate
as the stator field. By contrast, in an induction motor the rotor rotates at a slower speed than the
stator field. Therefore the magnetic field through the rotor is changing (rotating). The rotor has
windings in the form of closed loops of wire. The rotating magnetic flux induces currents in the
windings of the rotor as in a transformer. These currents in turn create magnetic fields in the
rotor, that interact with (push against) the stator field. Due to Lenz's law, the direction of the
magnetic field created will be such as to oppose the change in current through the windings. The
cause of induced current in the rotor is the rotating stator magnetic field, so to oppose this the
rotor will start to rotate in the direction of the rotating stator magnetic field to make the relative
speed between rotor and rotating stator magnetic field zero.
For these currents to be induced, the speed of the physical rotor must be lower than that of the
stator's rotating magnetic field (n_s), or the magnetic field would not be moving relative to the
rotor conductors and no currents would be induced. As the speed of the rotor drops below
synchronous speed, the rotation rate of the magnetic field in the rotor increases, inducing more
current in the windings and creating more torque. The ratio between the rotation rate of the
magnetic field as seen by the rotor (slip speed) and the rotation rate of the stator's rotating field is
called "slip". Under load, the speed drops and the slip increases enough to create sufficient
torque to turn the load. For this reason, induction motors are sometimes referred to as
asynchronous motors. An induction motor can be used as induction generator, or it can be
unrolled to form the linear induction motor which can directly generate linear motion.
31. What are star delta windings?
32. What is a short circuit?
A) Joining two points having different electrical potential without load or bypassing the load is
called short circuit.
Current has tendency to take a path of least resistance hence it will bypass load and will pass
through passage created by short circuit.
33. What is meant by earth fault?
A) Earth fault means "the fault that occurs when the current carrying conductor or live part get
connected or touched with earth"
Cause of earth fault
1. insulation failure
2. cable damaged by any excavation works
3. overloads
4. due to dust
5. any animals are enter into the panel
6. any loose objects near the power system
34. What is meant by overload?
A) an electrical load that exceeds the available electrical power.
35. What is single phasing and how it happens?
A) The loss of power through one phase in a three phase supply is termed as short circuit.
Casuses
Line fuse blown off
Terminal contacts broken due to vibration
Terminal contact become lose
Line wore broken
In relay on of the contractor not making proper contact
Relay con tact spring may be damage or weak
Contact points are coated with oxidation hence not making contact
36. What is fuse and how many types of fuses have seen before?
A) type of low resistance resistor that acts as a sacrificial device to provide overcurrent protection,
of either the load or source circuit
Type
In general, there are two categories of fuses viz.
Low voltage fuses
High voltage fuses
Low voltage fuses
Semi-enclosed or Rewireable type voltage fuses
Totally enclosed or Cartridge type
Totally enclosed or Cartridge type
D- Type Cartridges Fuses
Link type Cartridge or High Rupturing Capacity
(0-0.5). A typical reading on-board ship would be 2 micromhos or 0.05 grains per gallon. A
reading of twice this may trigger a warning light or alarm.
42. What will be your action on a blackout a sea?
Never panic in such situation, be calm and composed. Emergency generator will restore the
power in no time.
Inform Officer on bridge briefly about the condition.
Call for man power and inform the chief engineer.
If the main propulsion plant is running, bring the fuel lever to zero position.
Close the feed of the running purifier to avoid overflow and wastage of fuel.
If auxiliary boiler was running, shut the main steam stop valve to maintain the steam pressure.
Find out the problem and reason for blackout and rectify the same.
Before starting the generator set, start the pre- lubrication priming pump if the supply for the
same is given from the emergency generator; if not, then use manual priming handle (provided in
some generator).
Start the generator and take it on load. Then immediately start the main engine lube oil pump and
main engine jacket water pump.
Reset breakers and start all the other required machinery and system. Reset breakers that are
included in preferential tripping sequence. (Non-essential machinery).
43. How emergency generator does starts on its own?
A) Falling of the mains frequency or voltage causes the sart up relay to operate the engine
equipment. The prime mover may be electrically crancked from its own 24v battery and starter
motor or air started from it own reservoir fitted local to engine generator engine.
44. What are the cut out provided on the OWS and checks to be done before putting it into
operation?
45. Draw star, delta 3 phase connections?
46. What are the motor safeties, deck crane safeties, and engine room overhead safeties to be
checked?
Overhead safeties
1) The most important safety feature of the crane is the electromagnetic fail safe brakes which
do not allow the crane to fall with the load even when there is failure of power. For this:
-
Normally centrifugal brakes are used which are fitted inside the rotating drum.
The brake pads are always in applied state and pushed by magnetic springs when not in
operation or when there is a power failure.
As the crane is operated or the power is supplied, the spring gets pulled inward or
compressed due to the electromagnetic effect of the current. This allows the crane to be operated
normally.
2)
Emergency stop is provided in the remote so that the operator can stop the crane at any
time.
3) The motor is fitted with distance limit switch in both transverse and longitudinal direction
so that the travel of the trolley and hence crane should not overshoot the racks end.
4)
Mechanical stoppers are provided for both directions in case the electrical distance limit
trips fail.
5) The up and down travel of the hook is also attaches with automatic stopper to avoid
overloading of the motor.
6) The motor is fitted with thermal protection trip. When the motor windings get overheated,
trip will activate saving the motor winding from burning.
7)
Load limit switch is also fitted which will trip the motor if the load to be lifted is above the
crane capacity.
8)
Its the responsibility of senior officers to operate the crane and to make sure all the
personnel involve in any lifting operation are at a safe distance during operation of the crane.
9) Additional tools like i-bolts, shackle, wire sling, belts etc. used for lifting must be checked
before use.
o
o
o
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10) It should be noted that no one walks or stand below the crane when it is in the loaded
condition.
Deck crane safeties
Moto safeties
Short Circuit trip.
Overload trip.
Reverse power trip.
Reverse current trip
Fuse
R= L
A
resistivity
L length of wire
When an electric current flows in a wire, and an external magnetic field is applied across that
flow, the wire experiences a force perpendicular both to that field and to the direction of the
current flow. A left hand can be held, as shown in the illustration, so as to represent three
mutually orthogonal axes on the thumb, first finger and middle finger. Each finger is then
assigned to a quantity (electric current, magnetic field and mechanical force). The right and left
hand are used for generators and motors respectively
Right-hand rule
For a current-carrying wire, the rule that if the fingers of the right hand are placed around the
wire so that the thumb points in the direction of current flow, the fingers will be pointing in the
direction of the magnetic field produced by the wire. Also known as hand rule. For a moving
wire in a magnetic field, such as the wire on the armature of a generator, if the thumb, first, and
second fingers of the right hand are extended at right angles to one another, with the first finger
representing the direction of magnetic lines of force and the second finger representing the
direction of current flow induced by the wire's motion, the thumb will be pointing in the
direction of motion of the wire. Also known as Fleming's rule.
57. Describe lenz's law?
A) A law stating that the direction of an induced current is always such as to oppose the change in
the circuit or the magnetic field that produces it
58. What is the difference between electric and magnetic circuit?
In magnetic circuit flux establishes but not flow like as current in magnetic circuit.
In magnetic circuit energy needed only to establish the flux but no consistent energy need to
maintain it whereas in electric circuit continuous energy needed to flow of current.
Resistance of an electric circuit is constant (for same temperature) and is independent of current
but reluctance of magnetic circuit is not constant because it depends on (=B/H) which is not
constant and depends on B/H.
59. Describe and Draw battery charging method
60. How many types of DC motors are there?
A) There are three basic types of dc motors
(1) Series motors,
(2) shunt motors
(3) compound motors
61. How many types of AC motors are there?
(1) Induction motor
(2) synchronous motor
62. What is magnetic hysteresis?
A) Lagging of changes in the magnetization of a substance behind changes in the magnetic field as
the magnetic field is varied
Induction Machines:
Wound-rotor or squirrel cage to generate the rotor magnetic field.
Rotor magnetic field rotates with respect to the rotor.
Always turn at less than synchronous speed.
Do not require control.
Much cheaper to produce (true for squirrel cage machines).
Self-starting.
Less efficient than synchronous machines.
More suitable for explosive environments.
No maintenance (for squirrel cage machines).
71. What is the reading of hydrometer reading in full charge and discharge?
72. What is meant by transformer and rectifier?
Transformer
A) A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through
inductively coupled conductorsthe transformer's coils.
Rectifier
An electrical device that converts an alternating current into a direct one by allowing a current to
flow through it in one direction only
73. What is he units for voltage, current, power and resistance?
74. Comment on the starting current while using a direct online starter for an induction motor?
75. What is reluctance?
A) The property of a magnetic circuit of opposing the passage of magnetic flux lines, equal to the
ratio of the magnetomotive force to the magnetic flux