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MATH 38
b
a
f x dx
lim
f xi i x
i 1
MATH 38
.
n
f xi ,yi i A
i 1
If
over the region,
approximates the area of the region.
f x,y 0
f xi ,yi i A
i 1
MATH 38
region R . If
exists, then
f
is said to be integrable on R .
Moreover, the double integral of f over
R , denoted by
, is given by
n
f xi ,yi i A
lim
i 1
f x, y dA
f x,y dA
lim
f xi ,yi i A
i 1
f x,y 0
dA
MATH 38
k f x,y dA k
R
f x,y
f x, y dA
g x,y
dA
f x,y dA
g x,y
dA
iv. If
f x,y g x,y
f x,y dA
R1 R2
f x,y dA
R1
g x,y dA
is only a
f x, y dA
R2
over
, then
.
g x,y dA
R
f x,y 0
f x, y dA
MATH 38
A y dy
f x, y dx
f x,y dA V
f x,y dx dy
f x,y dA V
yz
plane will be
f x,y dy dx
f x,y dx
The expressions
and
are called as iterated integrals.
These are used to evaluate double integrals. Note
that the bounds of each of the integral depend on
f x,y dy
dx
dy
MATH 38
f x, y dy
Example.
Evaluate
x,y
2 x 3y
dA
where
1 x 2; 0 x 3 .
R
1
MATH 38
f x,y dA
g x
x b
h x
f x,y dy dx
Consider a function
z f x,y defined over a
region R bounded on
the right by x g y , on
the left by x h y , above
by y d and below by
y c
. Then,
f x, y dA
Examples.
1. Evaluate
R2
g y
h y
4 x y
f x, y dx dy
dA
if
y x2
4 x y
dA
if
y x3
and
.
3. Set-up the iterated integral that will solve for the volume of the
tetrahedron bounded by the plane 3 x y 2z 6 0 and the
coordinate planes.
4. Set-up the iterated integral that will solve for the volume of the solid in
the first octant bounded by the paraboloid z x2 y2 and the
x
cylinder
x2 y2 4 .
MATH 38
Evaluate
ex dxdy
y
2
x2 y xy3
x,y
2.
dA where R =
0 x 1; 1 x 1
sin x y dA
where
3.
x,y
R=
0 x ;0 x
xy dA
where
x 4 and the
x axis.
, the line
MATH 38
10
SET-UP the iterated integrals that will solve for the volumes of the following
solids.
4. the tetrahedron bounded by the plane 2 x 3y z 6 0 and the
coordinate planes
5. the "wedge" bounded by the coordinate planes and the planes x 5
and y 2z 4 0
6. the solid bounded by the elliptic paraboloid
plane and the cylinder
z x2 4y 2
x2 4y 2 4
______________________
, the xy
MATH 38
11
f x,y dA
f x,y dA
Review:
x r cos
y
x
y r sin
If a region R is
bounded by the curve
r f , , then
the area of the region
is given by
.
A
1
2
2 d
x,y
MATH 38
12
r drd
1
2
2 d
f x, y dA
Now, let
MATH 38
13
g ri , i ri i r i
i 1
f x,y dA
g r , r drd .
R
Examples.
Use polar coordinates to evaluate the following.
1.
2
2
ex y dA
where
x2 y2 1
in
x2 y 2 dA
where
x2 y2 1 ,
2y .
1.
2.
1
4 x2 y2
R
x2 y2 1
sinx2 y 2 dxdy
dA
where
SET-UP the iterated integrals that will solve for the area of the following
region.
3. inside the lemniscate r 2 9 cos2 but outside the circle r 2
4. inside the limacon r 3 cos but outside the circle
r 5 cos
SET-UP the iterated integrals (in polar coordinates) that will solve for the
volume of the following solids.
5. enclosed by the sphere x2 y2 z2 25
6. below the x2 y2
the xy plane
7. inside the cylinder
z x2 y2
z2 4
x2 y2 9
x2 y2 1
in
MATH 38
________________________
3.3 Triple Integrals (in Rectangular
Coordinates)
14
MATH 38
15
i 1
f x,y ,z dV
lim
f xi ,yi ,zi i V
i 1
MATH 38
16
f
e
f x, y,z dzdydx
d
c
f x, y ,z dydxdz
Example.
Evaluate
given by
x,y,z
Let
6 xy2 z3 dV
1 x 2 ; 2 y 4 ;0 z 5
MATH 38
17
To evaluate
, it is expressed in
terms of an iterated integral each with its own
f x,y ,z dV
respective bounds:
f x,y,z dV
a2
h2 x
a1
h1 x
g2 x,y
f x,y,z dzdydx
g1 x,y
2.
2 xyzdydxdz
2 xyz dV
cylinder z 2
9 x2
0
2 x
0
f x, y ,z dzdydx
as an iterated integral
REMARK:
S
dV
MATH 38
18
Example. SET-UP the definite integral that will solve for the volume of
the following solids.
1. bounded by the cylinder x2 y2 25 and the plane
x y z 8 and the xy plane
2. bounded by the paraboloids
z x2 y2
4 x2 9y2 z2 0
and
z 6 x2 y2
Exercises.
Evaluate the following.
1.
2.
3.
y
0
sin
x y z dxdydz
3y
0
y
y 2 z2
x2 z2 dV
dzdydx
4.
z2 dV
x2 z 1
and
y2 z 1
SET-UP the iterated (triple) integrals that will solve for the volume of
the following solids.
5. bounded by y 2x2 and y 4z 8 in the first octant
6. bounded by the cylinder y x2 2 and the planes y 4 ,
z 0 and 3y 4z 0
7. above the xy plane, below the plane z y and bounded
laterally by the cylinder y2 x and the plane x 1
8. above the xy plane bounded by the surfaces y
x 1 y2
4
and
z x2 y
_________________________
1 x2
,
4
MATH 38
19
MATH 38
20
Given
f x,y,z dV
a2
h2 x
a1
h1 x
g2 x,y
f x,y,z dzdydx
g1 x,y
in
g r , ,z dV
r2
r1
h2 r ,
g r , ,z r dzdrd
h1 r ,
MATH 38
21
x2 y 2 dV
x2 y2 9
2.
x y z dV
x2 y2 z2 16
in Spherical Coordinates
Consider a point P with Cartesian coordinates
x,y,z . The spherical coordinates of the point will
be given by , , where is the distance of the
point from the origin, is the measure of the angle
in standard position formed by "projecting"
segment OP to the xy plane and is the measure
of the (smallest) angle formed by segment OP and
the positive z axis.
MATH 38
22
Also,
x,y,z
z cos
y sin sin
Given
f x,y,z dV
a2
h2 x
a1
h1 x
g2 x,y
f x,y,z dzdydx
g1 x,y
in
MATH 38
23
g , , dV
2
1
g , , 2 sin d d d
Exercises.
1. Evaluate
x z dV
1. Use
cylindrical
coordinates
to in
determine
the volume of the solid
the sphere
x2
y 2 z2 9
the first octant.
2
2
bounded by the paraboloid z x y and the plane z 4 .
2. SET-UP the iterated integral that will solve for the volume of the solid
the solid
2. Use
cylindrical
to 3
determine
volume
of
bounded
by thecoordinates
sphere
and the the
cone
4 .
2
2
2
xy
x2 y2 4 .
a.
b.
0
4 x2
x2 y 2
dzdydx
0
4 x2 y2
0
4 x2 y 2
dzdydx
MATH 38
24