Technical English II

Mining operations
Susana Daz Merino
Teacher of English

Objectives
To identify concepts related to types
of mineral.
To review the mining cycle process.
To develop exercises.

Learning 1
Minerals
Drying
Roasting
Test April 22nd

Mining
Mining is the process of extracting mineral from the
earths crust, the land and the seas.
There are two types of mining, underground and open pit.

Stages in mining
There are four stages to mining:
Prospecting: looking for mineral deposits.
Exploring: Evaluating the size, shape, location and economic
value of the deposit.
Developing: Preparing the acces to the deposit.
Exploiting : Extracting the minerals.

Professionals
Environmental engineer
Geochemist
Geologist
Geophysicist
Hydrogeologist
Miner
Mining engineer
Safety engineer
Mining operators

Types of Minerals
Metalliferous > minerals containing metal
Nonmetalliferous> does not contain metal
Ornamental stones> used for decorative purposes in
construction and monumental sculptures.
Building stones> used in constructions

Minerals

copper

iron

gold

Lead
Tin

manganese

zinc

Phosphate rock

Travertine

Head frame

Drift

Cage

Dragline

Conveyor

Shovel

Dump truck

Drill

Mining skip

Read and answer

Process of extracting mineral from the earths crust refers to

Mining
Mention the types of mining
underground and open pit
Minerals that cointain metals are
Metalliferous ores
These types of minerals do not cointain metals
coal, bauxite
Minerals used for decorative purposes

marble,
limestone
Borax
and coal
are examples of
Examples of metalliferous ores are

Nonmetalliferous ores
Copper, iron, lead

Refresh your knowledge

Mineral

Crushing

Crusher

Mill

Slurry

Water

RAF

Converti
on

Final
product
copper
cathod

ER

Meltin
g

Roastin
g

Froth flotation

Dryin
g

Drying
Key words:
Drying
Dryer
Moisture
Vaporization
Heat air
Heat transfer
Rotary dryer
Screw conveyor dryer

Definitions
Drying process > transfer process, consisting of the removal of
water by evaporation from a particle.
Dryer> machine to remove water from a particle by
evaporation.
Moisture> is the presence of liquid, especially water into a
particle.

 Vaporization >transition from a liquid

phase to steam phase.
Heating air> the action of making
hot or warm, the temperature of the
air by an electrical resistor.
Heat transfer> thermic energy
exchange from one place to another.

 Rotary dryer> industrial dryer used to reduce the

liquid moisture content of the material by direct contact with
heat air.
It is a cylindrical tube, usually supported
by concrete columns.

 Screw conveyor dryer> this machine can remove water from

particles by a indirect contact, inside of a cylindrical shell.
*carcasa .
This equipment consists of a gyratory screw that moves the
humid material inside the equipment allowing an efficient
drying.

Dryers classification
Type of contact

Direct
Heat hair is in
direct contact
with the dryer.

Indirect

Type of process

Continuos

Heat air is in

In this process

contact with the

cylindrical shell

the dryer never

stops of working

Batch
In this process the
dryer stops to load
and unload the
material

Look at the pictures

Drying process

Heat transfer

Vaporization

Rotary dryer

Screw Conveyor
dryer