Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

Reciprocal Identities

1 1 1
sin u = cos u = tan u =
csc u sec u cot u

1 1 1
csc u = sec u = cot u =
sin u cos u tan u

Quotient Identities

sin u cos u
tan u = cot u =
cos u sin u

Pythagorean Identities

sin2 u + cos2 u = 1 tan2 u + 1 = sec2 u 1 + cot2 u = csc2 u

Odd Trigonometric Functions

sin u tan u sin¡1 u

csc u cot u tan¡1 u

Even Trigonometric Functions

cos u sec u

Cofunction Identities

sin(90± ¡ u) = cos u cos(90± ¡ u) = sin u

tan(90± ¡ u) = cot u cot(90± ¡ u) = tan u

sec(90± ¡ u) = csc u csc(90± ¡ u) = sec u