‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪-:‬‬

‫ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻺﻳﻔﺎﺀ ﲟﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ‪-:‬‬

‫‪17893‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺒﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﲢﺖ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺧﻠﻴﻒ‬

‫‪ 2009-2008‬ﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
 ‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺎرة اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ أﯾﻘﻆ اﻷﻧﺎم‬
‫ﺑﺒﻌﺜﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﺎدق اﻷﻣﯿﻦ ‪...‬‬
‫ﺳﯿﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وﺳﻠﻢ‬

‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻄﺎء ﺑﻼ ﺣﺪود واﻟﻮﻓﺎء ﺑﻼ ﻗﯿﻮد إﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ ھﻢ ﻣﺜﻠﻨﺎ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‪.‬‬

‫أﻣﻲ و أﺑﻲ‬

‫إﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺮي اﻟﻨﻮر ﻓﻲ أﻋﯿﻨﮭﻢ وﻧﺠﺪ ﻓﻲ وﺟﻮدھﻢ ﻓﺮﺣﺘﻨﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺰھﻮر‬

‫اﻟﻄﯿﺒﺔ ‪..‬‬
‫إﺧﻮﺗﻲ و أﺧﻮاﺗﻲ‬

‫إﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻷﯾﺎم أﺣﻼھﺎ وﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻨﯿﻦ أﻏﻼھﺎ‬

‫أﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻲ و ﺻﺪﯾﻘﺎﺗﻲ‬

‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻮﻧﺎ وﺷﻘﻮا ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻨﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا اﻟﻤﺪاد ﻟﻨﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻨﺎ‬
‫أﺳﺎﺗﺬﺗﻲ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ھﺆﻻء أھﺪي ﺛﻤﺮة ﺟﮭﺪي‪..‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬

‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲ رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﺮف اﻷﻧﺒﯿﺎء واﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وﺳﻠﻢ وﻋﻠﻰ آﻟﮫ وﺻﺤﺒﮫ أﺟﻤﻌﯿﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﺮ أوﻻً وأﺧﯿﺮاً إﻟﻰ اﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ اﻟﺬي وﻓﻘﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ إﻋﺪاد ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫وﻣﺎ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﻖ إﻻ ﺑﮫ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ أﺗﻘﺪم ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ واﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻟﮫ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺎرة ﻃﺮﯾﻘﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺄﻓﻜﺎره اﻟﻨﯿﺮة وﺑﺬل ﻣﺠﮭﻮد ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ أوﺻﻠﻨﻲ إﻟﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ أھﺪي‬
‫ﺗﺤﯿﺔ ﺷﻜﺮ وﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺳﺎﻧﺪﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺠﺎز ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﺧﻠﯿﻒ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ أﺗﻘﺪم ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ اﻟﺨﺎص إﻟﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ زودﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﺰم ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺸﻜﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪ ﻟﻲ ﯾﺪ اﻟﻌﻮن واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ إﺗﻤﺎم‬
‫ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﺮ واﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﯿﻊ ‪..‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪..................................................................‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ ‪...................................................‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪.............................................‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ‪...................................................‬‬ ‫‪1.2.2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ‪........................................‬‬ ‫‪1.2.2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ ‪...........................................................‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ‪........................................‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪........................................................‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪......................................................‬‬ ‫‪1.6‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣـــﺔ‪.............................................................‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ‪.......................................................‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪............................................................‬‬ ‫‪2.3‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﳏﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ‪...........................................‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.......................................‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪.......................................‬‬
‫‪..............................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻝ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪2.5.1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‪....................................................‬‬ ‫‪2.5.2‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‪....................................................‬‬ ‫‪2.5.3‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﳐﻄﻂ ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪............(DFD‬‬ ‫‪2.5.3.1‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪....................................... (LDS‬‬ ‫‪2.5.3.2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ)‪... (ERD) (Entity Relation Diagram‬‬ ‫‪2.5.3.3‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺪﻣـــﺔ‪..........................................................‬‬ ‫‪3.1‬‬

‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈــــﺎﻡ‪................................................‬‬ ‫‪3.2‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪.......................................................‬‬ ‫‪3.2.1‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴـﺪ‪.....................................................‬‬ ‫‪3.2.2‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ‪..........................................‬‬ ‫‪3.3‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪..............................................‬‬ ‫‪3.3.1‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪..............................................‬‬ ‫‪3.3.2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤــــﻴـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪..........................................................‬‬ ‫‪4.1‬‬

‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄــﻘﻲ‪...................................................‬‬ ‫‪4.2‬‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪...............................................‬‬ ‫‪4.2.1‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ‪.................................................‬‬ ‫‪4.2.2‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌـﺎﺩﻱ‪.......................................................‬‬ ‫‪4.3‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.........................................:‬‬ ‫‪4.3.1‬‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ‪..................................................‬‬ ‫‪4.3.2‬‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ‪.........................................‬‬ ‫‪4.3.2.1‬‬

‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫‪31‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴــﻖ‪...........................................................:‬‬ ‫‪5.1‬‬

‫‪31‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ )‪..........................................(Windows‬‬ ‫‪5.1.1‬‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‪........................................‬‬ ‫‪5.1.2‬‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻐﺔ ) ‪.............................(Visual Basic.NET‬‬ ‫‪5.1.2.1‬‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻐﺔ )‪…………………(Visual Basic.NET‬‬ ‫‪5.1.2.2‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪...............................‬‬
‫‪..................( Data‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ) ‪Base Design‬‬ ‫‪(Basic.NET‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪5.1.3‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪............................................................‬‬ ‫‪5.2‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫‪34‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ‪.............................................‬‬ ‫‪5.3‬‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ‪...............................................‬‬ ‫‪5.3.1‬‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪.................................................‬‬ ‫‪5.3.2‬‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪..................................................‬‬ ‫‪5.3.3‬‬
‫‪35‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪.........................................................‬‬ ‫‪5.3.4‬‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻖ ‪...............................................................‬‬
‫‪43‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ‪................................................................‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﳎﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳌﺎ ﻳﻮﻓﺮﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺯ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳓﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻻﻥ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻋﱪ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﰎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺄﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﱴ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱯ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺟﺰﺀﺍ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺰﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﻭﻫﻰ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻭﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﲜﺬﻭﺭﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱯ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﻏﺬﺍﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺄﺻﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮﻳﺘﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﰐ ﳏﻠﻲ ) ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻀﺮﻭﺍﺕ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﺌﻴﺔ‬

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫‪ 1‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﱵ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﺸـﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﺟــﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﺿــﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـــﺎﻡ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺦ ﻭ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺪﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 1.1‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﺇﱄ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫• ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻓﻬﻢ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ‪.‬‬

‫• ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻭ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 1.2‬ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ) ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ( ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎﻥ ﳘﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1.2.1‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﶈﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﳑﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫• ﻭﺿﻊ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﲨﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 1.2.2‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﲜﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱯ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 1.3‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﲣﻴﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﲟﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳑﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻠﺨﺼﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﰲ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻳﻀﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 1.4‬ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺁﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫• ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫‪ 1.5‬ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪:‬‬

‫ﰲ ﲝﺜﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺃﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﰲ ﲢﻀﲑ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱯ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﺼﺮ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍﹰ ﳌﺎ ﲤﺘﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺷﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺄﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﺄﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑﻱ ﻫﻲ‬
‫‪:‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺯﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻜﺴﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻭﻧﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺃﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺒﻄﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪ 1.6‬ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻧﺸﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺄﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﱴ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑﻳﺔ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺣﱴ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻩ ﳋﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺄﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺄﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﱴ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﳍﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠــﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ 2.1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣـــﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺃﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﻭ ﺗﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 2.2‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺼﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻭ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻨـﻬﺎ‬
‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 2.3‬ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻃﺮﻕ‬
‫ﳉﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺳﲑ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﰎﹼ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮ‪‬ﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 2.4‬ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﳏﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬

‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ ﳏﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼــﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﳏﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﳚﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲟﻘﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫‪ 2.5‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪.(Structured System Analysis And Design Methodology‬‬ ‫• ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
‫• ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺩﳝﺎﺭﻛﻮ )‪.(Demarco Method‬‬
‫)‪. (Yourdon Method‬‬ ‫• ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻳﻮﺭﺩﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.5.1‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
‫ﰎﹼ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﳘــــﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻭﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﶈﻠﻞ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺼﻤﻢ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﳐﻄﻂ ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲡﺰﺋﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﻘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻭ ﻣـﻦ ﰒﹼ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.5.2‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﺣــــﻞ ﻭﻫــﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻔﺬﹼ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـــﻞ‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻭﻣﻌﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﳝﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺠﺰﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪q‬‬

‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻭ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄـﻘﻲ‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻫـــﻮ‪:‬‬
‫‪.1‬ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪.2‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﰲ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌـــﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭ ﺑﺮﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﺗﺘﺤـﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺎﹰ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔـﻴﺬ‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﻐﻠﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐـﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓﹰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀﻫﺎ ﻳـﺘﻢ ﺗﻌـﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (1،2‬ﻳﺒﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.5.3‬ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ؛ ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﳐﻄﻂ ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪.Data Flow Diagram (DFD‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪.Logical Data Structure (LDS‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ )‪.Entity Relation Diagram (ERD‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2.1‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬

‫‪ 2.5.3.1‬ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﳐﻄﻂ ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪ (DFD‬ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ )‪(External Entity‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳝﻨﺢ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ )‪: (Internal Entities‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﲤﺜﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﺎﺕ )‪: (Processes‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪ ,‬ﺃﻱ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ ﳝﺜﻞ ﲟﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ‬
‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻳﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟــــــﻲ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪: ( Data Source‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺰﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﳝﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫‪9‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪: (Data Flow‬‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲤﺜﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺴﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺘﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 2.5.3.2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪: ( LDS‬‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﳕﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﻫـﻲ ﺍﻟﺸـﻲﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﳌﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﻧﻌﺖ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻜـﺔ ﳍـﺎ ؛ ﻭﺗﺴـﻤﻰ‬
‫"ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮ‪‬ﻓﺔ" ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸــﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫• ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻛﻞ ﺣﺪﺙ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﯿﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫• ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻼﺕ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.5.3.3‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ )‪: (Entity Relation Diagram) (ERD‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻋـﺪﺓ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟـﻲ‪-:‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫‪:(One‬‬ ‫) ‪To One‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬

‫ﻭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺠﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪:(One‬‬ ‫)‪To Many‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺠﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫‪:(Many‬‬ ‫)‪To Many‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺴﺎﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬

‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻼت‬ ‫ﯾﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

‫اﻟﺤﻠﻮﯾﺎت‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (2.2‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻠﺔ ﻭ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﰊ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪ (DFD‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻭﺻﻒ ﳏﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬

‫)‪:(SSADM‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت وﺟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺣﻠﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬
‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻘﺒﻼت‬
‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2.3‬ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻃﻠﺐ وﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت وﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺮض وﺟﺒﺎت‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻻﻛﻼت‬

‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت وﺟﺒﺔ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2.4‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫‪12‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻘﺒﻼت‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻣﻘﺒﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺮض ﻣﻘﺒﻼت‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻻﻛﻼت‬

‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻘﺒﻼت ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2.5‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺣﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺣﻠﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺣﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻻﻛﻼت‬
‫ﻋﺮض ﺣﻠﻮﯾﺎت‬

‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺣﻠﻮﯾﺎت ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2.6‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫‪13‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ وﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻻﻛﻼت‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺟﺒﺔ‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﺔ وﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت وﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫وﺟﺒﺔ‬

‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﻻﻛﻼﺕ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﺮاض وﺟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺮض وﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫*‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2.7‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻢ "‪" 1‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﻣﻘﺒﻼت‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻻﻛﻼت‬ ‫‪2.3‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎتﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺒﻼت‬
‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﺒﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻘﺒﻼت‬
‫ﻣﻘﺒﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﻻﻛﻼﺕ‬
‫‪2.2‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﺮاض ﻣﻘﺒﻼت‬
‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2.8‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(2‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﺣﻠﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻷﻛﻼت‬ ‫‪3.3‬‬ ‫‪3.1‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

‫ﺣﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻠﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻮ‬

‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺣﻠﻮﯾﺎت‬
‫ﺣﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ‬
‫‪3.2‬‬
‫اﻻﻛﻼت‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﺮاض ﺣﻠﻮﯾﺎت‬
‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﺤﻠﻮ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2.9‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ )‪(3‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻑ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ 3.1‬ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺪﻣـــﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﲔ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫـﻲ ‪‬ـﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻋـﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ﺍﳌـﺪﺧﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﰲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 3.2‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈــــﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ 3.2.1‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ )‪.(Windows xp and up‬‬ ‫•‬
‫• ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ )‪.( .Net Framework‬‬

‫‪ 3.2.2‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﲢﻘـﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﺮﻏﺒــﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﰎﹼ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻵﰐ ‪-:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ‬

‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﲢﻤـﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﺩﻳﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻀﻴﺎﻉ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﺴﺨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﻨـﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻱ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎﹼ ﻧﺴﺨﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻱ ﻋﻄﺐ ‪.‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.3‬ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻱ ﺧﻄـﺄ‬
‫ﳑﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻭ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻓﻮﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﰎ ﺇﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ v‬ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺬﻑ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﻃﺊ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺬﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﺎﻃﺊ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﱂ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 3.3‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻷﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻭ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﲢﺪﺩ ﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻤﻨـﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳـﺪ ﲨﻴـﻊ ﻣـﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﹰ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﳌﻼﻣـﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﳏﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 3.3.1‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺪﻭ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺳـﻴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﳍﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘـــﺎﱄ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ ‪.‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ 3.3.2‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﻘـﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﲎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻠﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺈﻋـﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻫـﻲ ﻛﺎﻵﺗـﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ )ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ( ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴـﻢ‬
‫‪ 4.1‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎﹼ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺰﺃﻳﻦ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﲔ ﳘﺎ‪-:‬‬
‫‪.1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 4.2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄــﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺇﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻔـﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺎﹰ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻟﻸﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲡﻤﻴـﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﳛﺘﺎﺟـﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺜـﺎﻧـﻲ‪ ،‬ﰒﹼ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﳚــﺐ ﺇﺟـﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﲔ ﳘﺎ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫‪ 4.2.1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻫــﻮ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﻘﺎﻋـﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻔـﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻋـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀـﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻳـﺘﻢ‬
‫ﲡﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺴﻘﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴــﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـــﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫)ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ( ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜـــﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﲡﻨـــﺐ ﻣﺸــﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻳـﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫‪19‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗــﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻷﻱ ﺟﻬﺔ ﳚـﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳـﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﻊ ﻫـﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﰲ ﺟــﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﻔﺼـﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣـﻊ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﳚﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻲ؛ ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳉﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺘـﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﳊﻘﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻓـﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜـﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟـﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ‬

‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻒ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻆ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻧﻪ ﰎﹼ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻻ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻻ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎﹼ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ )‪ (2‬ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﰎ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺙ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛـﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ 4.2.2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ‬

‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻋـﺎﻡ ﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺎﻡ؛‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟـﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪.1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣـﺞ ﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﻦ ﰒﹼ ﲣﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺙ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋـﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﲣـﺰﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣـﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﻤﻤﺖ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﰎﹼ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﲤﻜﹼﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲤﻜـﲔ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺠﺰ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛـﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪.3‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣـﺞ ﺍﳊﺬﻑ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﲝﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺍﳊﺬﻑ ﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲤﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊـﺬﻑ ﰒ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺬﻑ ﻗﺪ ﰎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪.4‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﳍﺎ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ‬
‫)ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ (‪.‬‬
‫‪.5‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣـﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﲤﺜﻞ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .6‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣـﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﳊﻔﻆ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ )ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ( ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﳜﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ( ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﻧﺴﺨﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺣـﺪﻭﺙ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻠـﻒ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 4.3‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌـﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋـﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣـــﺞ ‪.‬‬

‫‪22‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫‪ 4.3.1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﻞ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻋﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﳑﻜﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻓﻴﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻟﻠﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺎﻡ‪:‬‬

‫‪.1‬ﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‪(food) :‬‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ 5‬ﺣﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐـﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ‪:‬‬
‫ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻛﻼﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ‬

‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫‪idf‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫‪idtype‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺺ‬ ‫‪fname‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪mount‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪prepwar‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫‪.1‬ﻣﻠﻒ ﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‪(the_type) :‬‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ 2‬ﺣﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐـﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ‪:‬‬
‫ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ‬

‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫‪id‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺺ‬ ‫‪The_type‬‬

‫‪ 4.3.2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﲤﺜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﲞﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ q‬ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ )‪(Flow Chart‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺃﺑﺮﺯﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟــــﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺮﻣــــــﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣــــــﺰ‬

‫ﺭﻣـﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓـﻖ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬

‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬

‫ﺭﻣـﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠـﻴﺔ‬

‫ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

‫ﺭﻣـﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪ (4.1‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﲞـﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫‪ 4.3.2.1‬ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫‪A‬‬

‫)ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﰊ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ( ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(4.2‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

AA

‫ﺍﺩﺧﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ D.B

‫ﻻ‬  ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬






  

 

 D.B



‫(ﳐﻄﻂ ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬4.3)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

27

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫‪AB‬‬

‫ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬

‫ﲝﺚ‬ ‫‪Data base‬‬

‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ‬

‫‪Data base‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (4.4‬ﳐﻄﻂ ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫‪AC‬‬

‫ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ‬

‫ﲝﺚ‬ ‫‪Data base‬‬

‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬

‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﺬﻑ‬

‫‪Data base‬‬ ‫ﻻ‬

‫ﲤﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺬﻑ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (4.5‬ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺬﻑ‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫‪AB‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬

‫ﲝﺚ‬ ‫‪Data base‬‬

‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬

‫ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬
‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻻ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (4.6‬ﳐﻄﻂ ﺳﲑ ﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭ‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬

‫‪ .5‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔــﻴﺬ‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﻤﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺧـﺮﺍﺋﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺭﺑﻂ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﲢﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﱃ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴــﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪ 5.1‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴــﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﰎ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﲢﺖ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ )‪ (Windows Xp‬ﻭﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻐـﺔ )‪ ، (Visual Basic.Net‬ﻭﻛـﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪ (MS Access‬ﻭﺳﻨﻘﻮﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﻋـﻦ ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ )‪(Windows‬‬ ‫‪ 5.1.1‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ Microsoft‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﹰ ﲟﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺇﺻـﺪﺍﺭﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎﹰ )‪ ( Windows Xp‬ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻓﻖ ﳕﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‪،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺗﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺗﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﰲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺩﻋﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﱪﳎﺔ ﲢﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ‪ Windows‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﺰﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺷﲑ )‪.(Mouse‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﲟﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ)‪.(DLL‬‬
‫‪ v‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ (Access) :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬

‫‪ 5.1.2‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﻐﺔ ) ‪.( Visual Basic.NET‬‬ ‫ﰎ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻐﺔ ) ‪:(Visual Basic.NET‬‬ ‫‪5.1.2.1‬‬

‫‪ Visual‬ﺇﱄ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ‪ .NET‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋـﻦ ﳎﻤـﻮﻉ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫‪Basic.NET‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﹸﱪﳎﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﲑ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧـﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ‪ .NET‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑﺓ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺗﻠـﻚ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﰎ‬

‫‪Visual.C#‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﺮﳎﺔ ﻫﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ Visual C++ .NET‬ﻭ ‪ Visual J.NET‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻐﺔ )‪: ( Visual Basic.NET‬‬ ‫‪5.1.2.2‬‬

‫‪ v‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ v‬ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ v‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪ v‬ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳـﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪ v‬ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ v‬ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻮﺵ‪.‬‬

‫‪ v‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪32‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ) ‪: ( Data Base Design‬‬ ‫‪5.1.3‬‬

‫ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ )‪: ( MS Access‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪ (MS Access‬ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻒ )‪ ، (File Based Database‬ﺃﻱ ﲢﻔﻆ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ )‪. (Forms‬‬

‫ﻣﱴ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ )‪ (MS Access‬؟‪.‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪ 2‬ﺟﻴﺠﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ )‪ (Transactions‬ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 5.2‬ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺄﻣﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺸـﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﲣﻄﻴﻄﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻋﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﳏﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫـﻮ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪33‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬

‫ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻊ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺃﻱ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬

‫‪ 5.3‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺃﻛﱪ ﰲ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑـﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺇﺭﺑﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ) ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ -‬ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ – ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪-:‬‬

‫‪ 5.3.1‬ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﲨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.3.2‬ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﳊﺬﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫‪ 5.3.3‬ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﺘﻪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﳒـﺎﺡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻠــﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫‪34‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬

‫ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺃﻛﻠﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺬﻑ ‪.‬ﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﳋـﺎﻃﺊ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﱂ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.3.4‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﰎ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﲤﺖ ﺑﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪35‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎﺕ‬

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬

36

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬

37

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬

38

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

39

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬

40

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬

41

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬

42

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬

‫ﻡ‪.‬ﻋﺰﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺰﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ‪VB.NET‬‬

‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺳﺎﳌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻏﻠ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫‪http://www.ebnlibya.com/forum/showthread.php‬‬
‫‪http://www.google.com‬‬

‫‪43‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬