‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭ ﻦ ‪88 :‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺗﺠﺮ ﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﺗﻘ ﺭ ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬

‫‪Tu me dis, j’oublie. Tu m’enseignes, je me souviens. Tu m’impliques, j’apprends.‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺮ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ‪ 1 :‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮ ﺮ ‪2023‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫‪2024 - 2023‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫ﺍ ﺘﻮ ﺎﺕ‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ‬ ‫‪I‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜ ﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ 1.1‬ﺍﳌﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸه ﺓ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ 2.1‬ﺍ ﺴﺎﺏ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ 3.1‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ 4.1‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍ ﺬﻭﺭ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ 5.1‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻴﺤﺔ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ 6.1‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍ ﺼﺮ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ 7.1‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﻭ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪ 8.1‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪ 9.1‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺀ ﺣ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪ 10.1‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺑﻴﻊ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ 11.1‬ﺟﺬﺭ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ 12.1‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ 13.1‬ﻃﺮﻕ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪ 1.2‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 2.2‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻋ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ‪9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺎﻳﺔ ﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ‪10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪3.2‬‬
‫‪ 4.2‬ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴ ﻥ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﺯﺍﻟ ﺎ ‪10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺜﻴﺔ ‪10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪5.2‬‬
‫‪ 6.2‬ﻣ هﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ‪10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 7.2‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭ ﺔ ‪11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 8.2‬ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ‪11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 9.2‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺑ ﻥ ﻣﻨﺤ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 10.2‬ﺍ ﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﺤ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺤ ﺍﺧﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 11.2‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪ 1.3‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ‪14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪2.3‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻋ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ‪14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪3.3‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ‪15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪1.3.3‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺩﺍﻟﺘ ﻥ ‪15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪4.3‬‬
‫ﻣ هﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪5.3‬‬

‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪ 1.4‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 2.4‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻮﻓﺔ ‪16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 3.4‬ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻋ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ‪17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 4.4‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟهﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻴﺔ ‪17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪ 1.5‬ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 2.5‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍ ﺪﻳﺔ ﺍ ﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 3.5‬ﺣﺼﺮ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 4.5‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻋ ‪-‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﻔﻞ ‪18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 5.5‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺱ ‪19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 6.5‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻻ ﻌﻄﺎﻑ ‪19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﺷﻔﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪ -‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪ 1.6‬ﺷﻔﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫‪ 2.6‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ‪20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪ II‬ﺗﻤﺎﺭ ﻦ ﺗﺪﺭ ﻴﺔ‬

‫‪22‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪26‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪ III‬ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﺑ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺔ‬

‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺗﺠﺮ ﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪ 10‬ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺗﻘ ﺭ ﺎ‬

‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪ 11‬ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫‪34‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪IV‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪I‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪ | 1‬ﻣﻜ ﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸه ﺓ‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫ﻟ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ﻥ ‪ a‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪(a + b)3 = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 + b 3‬‬ ‫‪(a + b)2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2‬‬

‫‪(a − b)3 = a 3 − 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 − b 3‬‬ ‫‪(a − b)2 = a 2 − 2ab + b 2‬‬

‫) ‪a 3 − b 3 = (a − b)(a 2 + ab + b 2‬‬ ‫)‪a 2 − b 2 = (a − b)(a + b‬‬

‫) ‪a 3 + b 3 = (a + b)(a 2 − ab + b 2‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﺍ ﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪a d‬‬ ‫‪a c‬‬ ‫‪ac‬‬ ‫‪a c‬‬ ‫‪ad + bc‬‬
‫‪c‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫×‬ ‫= ×‬ ‫= ‪+‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪b c‬‬ ‫‪b d bd‬‬ ‫‪b d‬‬ ‫‪bd‬‬

‫‪ 3.1‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪p‬‬
‫|‪x 2 = |x‬‬ ‫|‪| − x| = |x‬‬ ‫‪|x| ≥ 0‬‬

‫¯ ¯‬
‫¯ ¯‬ ‫|‪|x‬‬
‫|‪|x + y| ≤ |x| + |y‬‬ ‫‪y 6= 0‬‬ ‫|‪ ¯¯ xy ¯¯ = |y‬ﻣﻊ‬ ‫|‪|x × y| = |x| × |y‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪x − a; x ≥ a‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪x + a; x ≥ −a‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪x; x ≥ 0‬‬
‫= |‪|x − a‬‬ ‫= |‪|x + a‬‬ ‫= |‪|x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪−x + a; x ≤ a‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪−x − a; x ≤ −a‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪−x; x ≤ 0‬‬

‫‪−r ≤ x ≤ r‬‬ ‫‪ |x| ≤ r‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪x = −y‬‬ ‫|‪ |x| = |y‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ‪ x = y‬ﺍﻭ‬ ‫‪ |x| = r‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬
‫‪ x = r‬ﺍﻭ ‪x = −r‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 4.1‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍ ﺬﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺎﻥ ﺴ ﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ a‬ﻭ ‪ b‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎﻥ ﻏ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣ ﻥ‪ m ،‬ﻭ ‪ n‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ‪ a ≥ 0‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪=p‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫× ‪ ab = pa‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ‪ a‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫|‪a 2 = |a‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪b>0‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎﻥ‬

‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬

‫=‪a + b 6‬‬ ‫‪a+ b‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺷﺎ ﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪ 5.1‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪an‬‬
‫‪= a −n‬‬ ‫‪= a n−m‬‬ ‫‪a n × a m = a n+m‬‬
‫‪an‬‬ ‫‪am‬‬

‫‪³ a ´n‬‬ ‫‪an‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪a n × b n = (ab)n‬‬ ‫‪(a n )m = a nm‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪bn‬‬

‫‪ 6.1‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍ ﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ c ، b ، a‬ﻭ ‪ d‬ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬

‫‪a ≤x ≤b‬‬
‫‪a x b‬‬
‫≤ ≤‬ ‫‪a ×c ≤ x × y ≤ b ×d‬‬ ‫‪a −d ≤ x − y ≤ b −c‬‬ ‫‪a +c ≤ x + y ≤ b +d‬‬ ‫‪c ≤y ≤d‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪y c‬‬

‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﻭ‬ ‫‪7.1‬‬

‫ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ax + b‬ﺣﻴﺚ )‪ ، (a 6= 0‬ﻧﺤﻞ ‪ R‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ ax + b = 0‬ﻭ ﻧ ﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺎﻻ ﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬
‫‪a‬‬

‫‪ax + b‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ)‪(−a‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪a‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 8.1‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪a 6= 0‬‬ ‫ﻌﺘ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍ هﻮﻝ ‪ x‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ P (x) = ax 2 + bc + c :‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺴ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ∆ = b 2 − 4ac‬ﻣﻤ ﺛﻼ ﻲ ﺍ ﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪P (x‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪P (x) = 0‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫)‪P (x‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ‬

‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪x1‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠ ﻥ‪p‬ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻦ هﻤﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫)‪P (x‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪ 0 a‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪0 −a‬‬
‫) ‪a(x − x 1 )(x − x 2‬‬ ‫‪∆>0‬‬
‫∆ ‪−b +‬‬ ‫∆ ‪−b −‬‬
‫= ‪x2‬‬
‫‪2a‬‬
‫‪، x1 = 2a‬‬

‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪x0‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬

‫‪−b‬‬ ‫)‪P (x‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪a‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪a‬‬
‫‪a(x − x 0 )2‬‬ ‫= ‪x0‬‬
‫‪2a‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪∆=0‬‬

‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬

‫)‪P (x‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪a‬‬

‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﻟ ﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺣﻞ‬ ‫‪∆<0‬‬

‫‪ 9.1‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺀ ﺣ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻌﻴ ﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺣ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫■‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ ﻣﻤ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ∆ ≥ 0‬ﻓﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪( ax 2 + bx + c = 0‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫∆ ‪−b − ∆ −b +‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫= ‪x1 + x2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=−‬‬
‫‪2a‬‬ ‫‪2a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪−b − ∆ −b + ∆ c‬‬
‫= ‪x1 × x2‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫=‬
‫‪2a‬‬ ‫‪2a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬

‫‪c‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠ ﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪<0‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ S‬ﻭ ﻟ ﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬

‫‪ −b‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠ ﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﺒ ﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪>0‬‬
‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪S =−‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫=‪P‬‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪>0‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪ −b‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠ ﻥ ﺳﺎﻟﺒ ﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪<0‬‬

‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ 10.1‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﺣﺪ ﺍ ﻠ ﻥ ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺮ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫■‬
‫ﺍ ﺣﻞ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ax + bx + c = 0‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻭﻝ ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍ ﺬﺭ ﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍ ﺬﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺮ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪X = x 2‬‬ ‫ﺍ ﻤﻮﻉ ‪ S‬ﺍﻭ ‪P‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍ ﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫‪aX 2 + bX + c = 0‬‬
‫ﻌﻴ ﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋهﻤﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺅهﻤﺎ‬ ‫■‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻌﻮ ﻀهﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪X2‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪X1‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ X = x 2‬ﻻﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪.x‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋهﻤﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺅهﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪x 2 − Sx + P = 0 :‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺟﺬﺭ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪11.1‬‬

‫‪p‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫هﻨﺎ ﺟﺬﺭ ﻌ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻭ ﻟ ﺲ‬
‫‪f (α) = 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ α‬ﺟﺬﺭ ﻟﻜﺜ ﺍ ﺪﻭﺩ ‪ f‬ﻌ‬

‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪12.1‬‬

‫)‪f (x) = (x − α)g (x‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ ‪ α‬ﺟﺬﺭ ﻟﻜﺜ ﺍ ﺪﻭﺩ ‪ f‬ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ g‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬

‫‪ 13.1‬ﻃﺮﻕ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫ﻃﺮ ﻘﺔ ‪) 1‬ﺍﳌﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ(‬
‫‪ 2 .‬هﻮ ﺟﺬﺭ ﻟـ ‪ f‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = 2x 3 − x 2 − 14x + 16‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪a =2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪b − 2a = −1‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ax 3 + (b − 2a)x 2 + (c − 2b)x − 2c‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺸﺮ ﻧﺠﺪ ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪2x 3 − x 2 − 14x + 16 = (x − 2)(ax 2 + bx + c‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪c − 2b = −14‬‬
‫)‪f (x) = (x − 2)(2x 2 + 3x − 8‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪b=3‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪c = −8‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪a =2‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻃﺮ ﻘﺔ ‪) 2‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ(‬

‫‪2x 3 − x 2 − 14x + 16 x − 2‬‬
‫‪− 2x 3 + 4x 2‬‬ ‫‪2x 2 + 3x − 8‬‬

‫‪3x 2 − 14x‬‬
‫‪− 3x 2 + 6x‬‬

‫‪− 8x + 16‬‬
‫‪8x − 16‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪ | 2‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫‪ 1.2‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬

‫‪f‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳌﺘﻐ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Df =R‬‬ ‫)‪f (x) = p(x‬‬

‫©‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫)‪p(x‬‬

‫‪D f = x ∈ R/q(x) 6= 0‬‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫)‪q(x‬‬

‫©‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬

‫‪D f = x ∈ R/p(x) ≥ 0‬‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫)‪p(x‬‬

‫©‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫)‪p(x‬‬

‫‪D f = x ∈ R/q(x) > 0‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = p‬‬
‫)‪q(x‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫©‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫)‪p(x‬‬
‫‪D f = x ∈ R/p(x) ≥ 0; q(x) > 0‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = p‬‬
‫)‪q(x‬‬
‫½‬ ‫¾‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫)‪p(x‬‬ ‫)‪p(x‬‬
‫‪D f = x ∈ R/‬‬ ‫‪≥ 0; q(x) 6= 0‬‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫)‪q(x‬‬ ‫)‪q(x‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻋ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬

‫‪f‬‬
‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪f +g‬‬ ‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫‪g‬‬
‫‪f ×g‬‬ ‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪l 0 6= 0‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪l +l0‬‬ ‫‪l0‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫‪l0‬‬ ‫‪ll0‬‬ ‫‪l0‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫∞‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪l 0 6= 0‬‬ ‫∞‬ ‫∞‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫∞‬ ‫∞‬ ‫‪l 6= 0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫∞‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬
‫∞‬ ‫∞‬ ‫∞‬
‫ﺡ‪.‬ﻉ‪.‬ﺕ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬
‫ﺡ‪.‬ﻉ‪.‬ﺕ‬ ‫∞‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺡ‪.‬ﻉ‪.‬ﺕ‬ ‫∞‬ ‫∞‬ ‫ﺡ‪.‬ﻉ‪.‬ﺕ‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫ﻌ ﺍﻣﺎ ∞‪ +‬ﺍﻭ‬ ‫■ ∞‬

‫∞"‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫‪∞ 0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫" ∞ ‪، 0 × ∞ ، +∞ −‬‬ ‫ﺍ ﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴ ﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫■‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺎﻳﺔ ﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪3.2‬‬

‫∗‪n ∈ N‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪lim‬‬ ‫∞‪= +‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫∞‪= −‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪= 0+‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪= 0−‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻘﻠﻮﺏ‬
‫>‬
‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫<‬
‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪x→−‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬

‫‪lim p‬‬ ‫∞‪= +‬‬ ‫‪lim p‬‬ ‫∞‪= +‬‬ ‫‪lim p = 0+‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫∞‪x = +‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺟﺬﺭ‬
‫<‬
‫‪x →a‬‬ ‫‪a−x‬‬ ‫>‬
‫‪x →a‬‬ ‫‪x −a‬‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬
‫∞‪x→±‬‬ ‫‪xn‬‬
‫‪=0‬‬ ‫∞‪ x→−‬ﻣﻊ ‪ n‬ﻓﺮﺩﻱ‬
‫∞‪lim x n = −‬‬ ‫∞‪ x→−‬ﻣﻊ ‪ n‬ﺯﻭ‬
‫∞‪lim x n = +‬‬ ‫∞‪lim x n = +‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫‪xn‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬

‫‪ 4.2‬ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴ ﻥ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﺯﺍﻟ ﺎ‬

‫∞‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫∞ ‪+∞ −‬‬ ‫∞×‪0‬‬
‫∞‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴ ﻥ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫∞‬ ‫‪l‬‬

‫∞‬
‫‪=0‬‬
‫∞‬
‫‪=0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫∞=‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫∞=‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴ ﻥ‬

‫ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪5.2‬‬

‫‪1 − cos x‬‬ ‫‪sin αx α‬‬ ‫‪1 − cos x 1‬‬ ‫‪tan x‬‬ ‫‪sin x‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪=1‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪=1‬‬
‫‪x→0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x→0 βx‬‬ ‫‪β‬‬ ‫‪x→0‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪x→0 x‬‬ ‫‪x→0 x‬‬

‫‪ 6.2‬ﻣ هﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫‪ b ، a‬ﻭ ‪ c‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ∞‪ +‬ﺍﻭ ∞‪ v ، u .−‬ﻭ ‪ f‬ﺩﻭﺍﻝ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪. f = v ◦ u‬‬ ‫ﻣ هﻨﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻛﻴﺐ‬

‫‪lim f (x) = c‬‬

‫‪x→a‬‬
‫‪ x→b‬ﻓﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ‪ lim u(x) = b‬ﻭ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ‪lim v(x) = c‬‬
‫‪x→a‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪u(x) ≤ f (x) ≤ v(x)‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪lim u(x) = l ⇒ lim f (x) = l‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣ هﻨﺔ ﺍ ﺼﺮ‬
‫‪x→a‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪x→a‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪lim v(x) = l ‬‬
‫‪x→a‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪f (x) ≤ g (x)‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪f (x) ≥ g (x)‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫∞‪⇒ lim f (x) = −‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪‬‬
‫∞‪⇒ lim f (x) = +‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻣ هﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
‫‪lim g (x) = −∞‬‬ ‫‪lim g (x) = +∞‬‬
‫‪x→a‬‬ ‫‪x→a‬‬
‫‪x→a‬‬ ‫‪x→a‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 7.2‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭ ﺔ‬
‫⃗;‪(O‬‬
‫⃗‪i ,‬‬
‫)‪j‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻭ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻟهﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﻣ ﺴﻮﺏ ﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴ ﺍﻟهﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫∞‪lim f (x) = +‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪x→x 0‬‬
‫ﺍﻭ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪x = x 0‬‬
‫∞‪lim f (x) = −‬‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪x→x 0‬‬
‫‪g‬‬
‫‪−2‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪lim f (x) = y 0‬‬

‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫ﺍﻭ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪ y = y 0‬ﺑﺠﻮﺍﺭ ∞‪ +‬ﺍﻭ ∞‪−‬‬
‫‪lim f (x) = y 0‬‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫∞‪x→−‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪h1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪£‬‬ ‫‪¤‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪f (x) − (ax + b) = 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫ﺍﻭ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪ y = ax + b‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ +‬ﻭ ∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪£‬‬ ‫‪¤‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪f (x) − (ax + b) = 0‬‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫∞‪x→−‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺫﺍ‬ ‫∞‪ x→−‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪ f (x) = ax + b + ϕ(x) :‬ﻣﻊ ‪ lim ϕ(x) = 0‬ﺃﻭ ‪lim ϕ(x) = 0‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ y = ax + b‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ +‬ﺍﻭ ∞‪.−‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪8.2‬‬

‫)‪f (0‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺴﺐ‬ ‫) ‪(C f ) ∩ (y y 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ‬
‫‪Df‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = 0‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫) ‪(C f ) ∩ (xx 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺑ ﻥ ﻣﻨﺤ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪9.2‬‬

‫‪y = ax + b‬‬ ‫) ‪ (C f‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻭ )∆( ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺫﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪f (x) − y‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬

‫)∆(‬ ‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫‪f (x) − y > 0‬‬

‫)∆(‬ ‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫‪f (x) − y < 0‬‬

‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺲ‬ ‫)∆(‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﻟﻢ ﻐ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪f (x) − y = 0‬‬

‫ﻳﺨ ﻕ ) ‪.(C f‬‬ ‫)∆(‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﻐ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍ ﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﺤ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺤ ﺍﺧﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫‪10.2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫»‪#‬‬
‫ﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻪ )‪v (0; k‬‬ ‫) ‪ (C f‬هﻮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ) ‪ (C g‬ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫‪f (x) = g (x) + k‬‬

‫»‪#‬‬
‫ﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻪ )‪v (−a; 0‬‬ ‫) ‪ (C f‬هﻮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ) ‪ (C g‬ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫)‪f (x) = g (x + a‬‬

‫»‪#‬‬
‫ﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻪ )‪v (−a; b‬‬ ‫) ‪ (C f‬هﻮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ) ‪ (C g‬ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫‪f (x) = g (x + a) + b‬‬

‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪ M‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ) ‪ (C g‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ M‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫)‪f (x) = λg (x‬‬

‫ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ M‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪λ‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﺤﻨﻴ ﻥ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻭ ) ‪ (C g‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫)‪f (x) = −g (x‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﺤﻨﻴ ﻥ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻭ ) ‪ (C g‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ‬ ‫)‪f (x) = g (−x‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﺤﻨﻴ ﻥ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻭ ) ‪ (C g‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﺍ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫)‪f (x) = −g (−x‬‬

‫■ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ ‪ x ≥ 0‬ﻓﺎﻥ )‪ f (x) = g (x‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋ‬

‫) ‪(C g‬‬ ‫)|‪f (x) = g (|x‬‬

‫■ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ ‪ x ≤ 0‬ﻓﺎﻥ )‪ f (x) = g (−x‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻧﻈ ﻋ ) ‪(C g‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ ) ‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﺔ (‬

‫) ‪(C g‬‬ ‫■ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ ‪ g (x) ≥ 0‬ﻓﺎﻥ )‪ f (x) = g (x‬ﻣﻨﻪ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋ‬ ‫|)‪f (x) = |g (x‬‬

‫■ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ ‪ g (x) ≤ 0‬ﻓﺎﻥ )‪ f (x) = −g (x‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻧﻈ ) ‪(C g‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪11.2‬‬

‫‪y = ax + b‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻣﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻭ )∆( ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ )ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ( ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ‬

‫)‪(m ∈ R‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻞ‬

‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻧﻘﻂ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ‬ ‫‪f (x) = (m‬‬ ‫)ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺯ ﺔ ﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪f (x) = ax + (m‬‬ ‫)ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺯ ﺔ ﻟـ )∆(‬

‫ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻧﻘﻂ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪f (x) = (m‬‬ ‫‪)x + b‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻌﻴﻴ ﺎ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻧﻘﻂ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫)‪f (x) = f (m‬‬

‫ﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟ ﺎ )‪y = f (m‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺯ ﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋ ﻳﻤ ﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ‬ ‫■‬

‫ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺣﻞ ﺳﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋ ﺴﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ‬ ‫■‬

‫ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ‬ ‫■‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪ | 3‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ‪ I‬ﻣﻦ ‪ R‬ﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬

‫‪ 1.3‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬

‫‪lim f (x) = f (a) = l‬‬
‫‪x→a‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫‪lim f (x) = f (a) = l 1‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋ ﻳﻤ ﻥ‬
‫‪x →a‬‬

‫‪lim f (x) = f (a) = l 2‬‬

‫<‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋ ﺴﺎﺭ‬
‫‪x →a‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ ‪ l 1 = l 2‬ﻓﺎﻥ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ 2.3‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫[‪]a; b‬‬ ‫ﺗ ﻮﻥ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺡ [‪ ]a; b‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫[‪]a; b‬‬ ‫ﺗ ﻮﻥ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻐﻠﻮﻕ ]‪ [a; b‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺭ ‪b‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﻳﻤ ﻥ ‪ a‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻋ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪3.3‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﻭ ‪ g‬ﺩﺍﻟﺘ ﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺗ ﻥ ﻋ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ‪ I‬ﻭ ‪ k‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ‪ f + g‬ﻭ ‪ f × g‬ﻭ ‪ k × f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫■‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ‪ g‬ﻻ ﺗﻨﻌﺪﻡ ﻋ ‪ I‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺘ ﻥ ‪ g1‬ﻭ ‪ gf‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺗ ﻥ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫■‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 1.3.3‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﻞ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ‬ ‫■‬

‫ﻞ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺟﺬﺭ ﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻔهﺎ‬ ‫■‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺘﺎﻥ ‪ x 7→ sin x‬ﻭ ‪ x 7→ cos x‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﻋ‬ ‫■‬

‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪R−‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪+ kπ/k ∈ Z‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ x 7→ tan x‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻔهﺎ‬ ‫■‬

‫‪ 4.3‬ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺩﺍﻟﺘ ﻥ‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ‪ I‬ﻭ ‪ g‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ‪ J‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ‪ f (I ) ∈ J‬ﻓﺎﻥ ‪ g ◦ f :‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬

‫‪ 5.3‬ﻣ هﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬

‫‪y‬‬

‫)‪f (b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬

‫‪b‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪b‬‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫)‪f (a‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ]‪ [a; b‬ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻟ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ β‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ هﻨﺔ ‪1‬‬
‫‪f (α) = k‬‬ ‫)‪ f (a‬ﻭ )‪ f (b‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋ ﺍﻻﻗﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ α‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [‪ ]a; b‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣ هﻨﺔ ‪ 2‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻭﺭﺗ ﺒﺔ ﻋ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ [‪ ]a; b‬ﻭ ﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ k‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ‬
‫[‪]a; b‬‬ ‫)‪ f (a‬ﻭ )‪ f (b‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ f (x) = k‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫‪f (a) × f (b) < 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻭ ﺭﺗ ﺒﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ]‪ [a; b‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣ هﻨﺔ ‪3‬‬
‫[‪]a; b‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ f (x) = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ ‪ α‬ﻳ ﺘ ﺍ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫‪f (a) × f (b) < 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ]‪ [a; b‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣ هﻨﺔ ‪4‬‬
‫‪f (α) = 0‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ f (x) = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻋ ﺍﻻﻗﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ α‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﺑ ﻥ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪ b‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪ | 4‬ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Df‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ‪ D f‬ﻣﻦ ‪ R‬ﻭ ‪ a‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬

‫)‪f (x) − f (a‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫)‪= f 0 (a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫‪x→a‬‬ ‫‪x −a‬‬

‫)‪f (x) − f (a‬‬

‫‪lim‬‬ ‫)‪= f d0 (a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋ ﻳﻤ ﻥ‬
‫>‬
‫‪x →a‬‬ ‫‪x −a‬‬

‫)‪f (x) − f (a‬‬

‫‪lim‬‬ ‫)‪= f g0 (a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋ‬
‫<‬
‫‪x →a‬‬ ‫‪x −a‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ )‪ f d0 (a) = f g0 (a‬ﻓﺎﻥ ‪ f‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ 2.4‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻮﻓﺔ‬

‫)‪f (x‬‬ ‫)‪f 0 (x‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ‬
‫‪ ) a‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪(a ∈ R‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ax‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫}‪n ∈ N∗ − {1‬‬ ‫‪ x n‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫‪n.x n−1‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫∗‪R‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬
‫‪−n‬‬
‫}‪n ∈ N∗ − {1‬‬ ‫‪ x1n‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫‪x n+1‬‬
‫∗‪R‬‬

‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫[∞‪]0; +‬‬
‫‪2 x‬‬

‫‪cos x‬‬ ‫‪− sin x‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪sin x‬‬ ‫‪cos x‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫)‪cos(ax + b‬‬ ‫)‪−a sin(ax + b‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫)‪sin(ax + b‬‬ ‫)‪a cos(ax + b‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻋ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ‬ ‫‪3.4‬‬

‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪u‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪u◦v‬‬ ‫‪un‬‬ ‫‪u‬‬
‫‪v‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬
‫‪u×v‬‬ ‫‪au‬‬ ‫‪u+v‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬

‫‪u0‬‬ ‫‪u0 v − v 0u‬‬ ‫‪v0‬‬

‫)‪v 0 × u 0 (v‬‬ ‫‪n × u n−1 × u 0‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪u0 v + v 0u‬‬ ‫‪au 0‬‬ ‫‪u0 + v 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ‬
‫‪2 u‬‬ ‫‪v2‬‬ ‫‪v2‬‬

‫‪ 4.4‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟهﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴ ﺍﻟهﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘ ﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫) ‪f (x) − f (x 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )) ‪ A(x0 ; f (x0‬ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ f‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ x0‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪x→x 0‬‬ ‫‪x − x0‬‬
‫‪=a‬‬
‫) ‪y = f 0 (x 0 )(x − x 0 ) + f (x 0‬‬ ‫‪f 0 (x 0 ) = a‬‬

‫) ‪f (x) − f (x 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )) ‪ A(x0 ; f (x0‬ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪ f‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ x0‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪x→x 0‬‬ ‫‪x − x0‬‬
‫‪=0‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪y = f (x 0 ) :‬‬ ‫‪f 0 (x 0 ) = 0‬‬

‫) ‪f (x) − f (x 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )) ‪ A(x0 ; f (x0‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻤﺎﺱ‬ ‫‪ f‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋ ﻳﻤ ﻥ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫>‬ ‫‪x − x0‬‬
‫‪=a‬‬
‫‪x → x0‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪y = f d0 (x 0 )(x − x 0 ) + f (x 0 ) :‬‬ ‫‪ x 0‬ﻭ ‪f d0 (x 0 ) = a‬‬

‫) ‪f (x) − f (x 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )) ‪ A(x0 ; f (x0‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻤﺎﺱ‬ ‫‪ f‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋ ﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫<‬ ‫‪x − x0‬‬
‫‪=b‬‬
‫‪x → x0‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪y = f g0 (x 0 )(x − x 0 ) + f (x 0 ) :‬‬ ‫‪ x 0‬ﻭ ‪f g0 (x 0 ) = b‬‬

‫) ‪f (x) − f (x 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )) ‪ A(x0 ; f (x0‬ﻧﺼﻔﻲ ﻣﻤﺎﺳ ﻥ‬ ‫‪ f‬ﻏ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫>‬ ‫‪x − x0‬‬
‫=‪6‬‬
‫‪x → x0‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ A‬ﺴ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺯﺍﻭ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤ ﻥ ‪x 0‬‬ ‫) ‪f (x) − f (x 0‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬
‫<‬
‫‪x → x0‬‬ ‫‪x − x0‬‬

‫) ‪f (x) − f (x 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋ ﻳﻤ ﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )) ‪ A(x0 ; f (x0‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫‪ f‬ﻏ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫>‬ ‫‪x − x0‬‬
‫∞‪= +‬‬
‫‪x → x0‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻻﻋ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪x = x 0 :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤ ﻥ ‪ x 0‬ﻭ ‪f 0 (x 0 ) = a‬‬

‫) ‪f (x) − f (x 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋ ﻳﻤ ﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )) ‪ A(x0 ; f (x0‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫‪ f‬ﻏ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫>‬ ‫‪x − x0‬‬
‫∞‪= −‬‬
‫‪x → x0‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻻﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪x = x 0 :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤ ﻥ ‪x 0‬‬

‫) ‪f (x) − f (x 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋ ﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )) ‪ A(x0 ; f (x0‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫‪ f‬ﻏ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫<‬ ‫‪x − x0‬‬
‫∞‪= +‬‬
‫‪x → x0‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻻﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪x = x 0 :‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺭ ‪x 0‬‬

‫) ‪f (x) − f (x 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋ ﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )) ‪ A(x0 ; f (x0‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫‪ f‬ﻏ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫<‬ ‫‪x − x0‬‬
‫∞‪= −‬‬
‫‪x → x0‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻻﻋ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪x = x 0 :‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺭ ‪x 0‬‬

‫‪x0‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ x0‬ﻓﺎﻥ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪ | 5‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ‪ D f‬ﻭ ‪ f 0‬ﺩﺍﻟ ﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ‬
‫‪f‬‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪f0‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ‬
‫‪Df‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣ ﺍﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪Df‬‬ ‫‪ f 0‬ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫‪Df‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪Df‬‬ ‫‪ f 0‬ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫‪Df‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪Df‬‬ ‫‪ f 0‬ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍ ﺪﻳﺔ ﺍ ﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬

‫)‪f (c‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍ ﻌﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ ‪ f 0‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ c‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ‪ I‬ﻣﻐ ﺓ ﺍﺷﺎﺭ ﺎ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻥ ‪ f‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﺼﺮ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬

‫)‪f (a) ≤ f (x) ≤ f (b‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣ ﺍﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ]‪ [a; b‬ﻓﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫■‬

‫)‪f (b) ≤ f (x) ≤ f (a‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ]‪ [a; b‬ﻓﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫■‬

‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻋ ‪-‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬

‫‪f‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﻔﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻋ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫)‪(Minorant‬‬ ‫)‪(Majorant‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪: x‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪: x‬‬
‫‪f (x) ≥ m‬‬ ‫‪f (x) ≤ M‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺱ‬ ‫‪5.5‬‬

‫ﻋ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺱ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ ، y = f 0 (x0 )(x − x0 ) + f (x0 ) :‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ ) ‪ f 0 (x0‬ﻭ ) ‪ f (x0‬ﻭ ﻌﻮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ‪x 0‬‬

‫ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺱ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ‪ x0‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ ، f (x0 ) = y0‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪x 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺗ ﺒﺔ ‪y 0‬‬

‫ﻋ ﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻖ ‪ f 0 (x0 ) :‬ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ‪ ، f 0 (x0 ) = xy A −− xyB :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘ ﻥ ‪ A‬ﻭ ‪ B‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺱ‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ) ‪= f 0 (x0‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺱ‬
‫هﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ‪ x0‬ﺑﺤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ ، f 0 (x0 ) = a‬ﺍﻱ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺟ هﺎ ‪a‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟ هﺎ ‪ a‬؟‬
‫هﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻧﺤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ‪ f 0 (x0 ) = d‬ﺍﻱ ‪ f 0 (x0 ) = a‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻣﻮﺍﺯ ﺔ ﻟـ ) ‪(d‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺫﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫‪(d ) : y = ax + b‬؟‬
‫هﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺸﻤﻞ ﻧﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ‪ x0‬ﺑﺤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ) ‪ β = f 0 (x0 )(α − x0 ) + f (x0‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪A(α, β‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫هﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻧﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ‪ x0‬ﺑﺤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ a ، f 0 (x0 ) = − a :‬هﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ) ‪ .(d‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍ ﻠﻮﻝ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺫﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ (d ) : y = ax +b‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻻ ﻌﻄﺎﻑ‬ ‫‪6.5‬‬

‫)‪ f 0 (x‬ﺗﻨﻌﺪﻡ ﻭ ﻻ ﻐ ﺍﺷﺎﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮ ﻘﺔ ‪:1‬‬
‫)‪ f 00 (x‬ﺗﻨﻌﺪﻡ ﻣﻐ ﺓ ﺍﺷﺎﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮ ﻘﺔ ‪:2‬‬
‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮ ﻘﺔ ‪ :3‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻭ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﻪ )∆( ‪ ،‬ﻧﺠﺪ ﺍﻥ )∆( ﻳﺨ ﻕ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪ | 6‬ﺷﻔﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪ -‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ‬

‫‪ 1.6‬ﺷﻔﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴ ﺍﻟهﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ‬
‫‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﺔ ﻌ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ ﻛﻤﺤﻮﺭ‬
‫‪ x ∈ D f‬ﻭ ‪ −x ∈ D f‬ﻓﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ‬
‫)‪f (−x) = f (x‬‬

‫‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﻌ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ‪:‬‬

‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ‪ O‬ﻛﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪ x ∈ D f‬ﻭ ‪ −x ∈ D f‬ﻓﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ‬
‫)‪f (−x) = − f (x‬‬

‫‪ 2.6‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ‬

‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻳ ﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪ x = a‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ‬
‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫■ ‪(2a − x) ∈ D f‬‬
‫■ )‪f (2a − x) = f (x‬‬

‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ‬ ‫)‪I (a; b‬‬‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺗ ﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫■ ‪(2a − x) ∈ D f‬‬
‫■ ‪f (2a − x) + f (x) = 2b‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪II‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﺭ ﻦ ﺗﺪﺭ ﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪ | 7‬ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ‬

‫‪3x + 1‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪−x + 2‬‬
‫‪(7‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = 3x 2 − x + 5‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫‪x 3 − 3x + 1‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = −2x 2 + x − 4‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬
‫‪(8‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪3x 2 + 1‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = 2x 3 + x + 1‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪f (x) = 2‬‬
‫‪x +1‬‬
‫‪(9‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪(7‬‬ ‫)‪lim (x 2 − x + 2‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪f (x) = −3x − 4x + 5‬‬ ‫‪(4‬‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬ ‫‪x3‬‬ ‫‪x→2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪f (x) = 2x + 3 +‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪(10‬‬ ‫‪2x − 1‬‬ ‫‪lim −x 4‬‬ ‫‪(8‬‬ ‫)‪lim (−2x + 3‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪x −3‬‬
‫‪(5‬‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬ ‫∞‪x→−‬‬
‫‪x +3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫)‪lim (x 2 + 3x + 5‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪f (x) = 2‬‬
‫‪x −x‬‬
‫‪(11‬‬ ‫‪x3 + x + 1‬‬
‫‪lim −3 +‬‬ ‫‪(9‬‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = −x +‬‬
‫‪x −2‬‬
‫‪(6‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪(4‬‬
‫‪f (x) = x 2 + 2x + 3‬‬ ‫‪(12‬‬ ‫‪lim −x 3‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬
‫‪(10‬‬ ‫∞‪x→−‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫= )‪. f (x‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪x + 1− x‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪ 5‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ [∞‪ [0; +‬ﺑـ‪:‬‬ ‫‪lim 5 +‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪(11‬‬ ‫∞‪x→−‬‬
‫‪lim 2(x + 4)2‬‬ ‫‪(5‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪.+‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪−x‬‬ ‫‪(12‬‬ ‫‪lim x +‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪(6‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬

‫‪ 6‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ [∞‪ [1; +‬ﺑـ‪:‬‬

‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪f (x) = 2x + 1 −‬‬ ‫‪x2 + x − 2‬‬ ‫‪x −1‬‬
‫‪−4x + 1‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(6‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪x → −1 x + 1‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪x →3 3 − x‬‬
‫<‬
‫ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪.+‬‬ ‫‪x −1‬‬
‫‪x +1‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(7‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻔهﺎ‬ ‫‪x → −1 x + 1‬‬
‫<‬
‫)‪x → 2 (x − 2‬‬
‫>‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪D‬‬
‫)ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴﻴ ﺎ( ﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪x +1‬‬ ‫‪2x 2 + 5‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪< (x − 2)2‬‬
‫‪(8‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪x →2 x − 2‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪x →2‬‬
‫‪1 + x2‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪(5‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = 2 + x‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪lim 2x − 1 +‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪(9‬‬ ‫‪2x 2 + 5‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫<‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(4‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪x →2 x − 2‬‬
‫<‬
‫‪x +1‬‬ ‫‪x →0‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪(6‬‬ ‫)‪f (x) = (1 − x)(1 + x‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪−4x + 1‬‬
‫‪x −2‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪lim 2x − 1 +‬‬ ‫‪(10‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(5‬‬
‫‪f (x) = p‬‬ ‫‪(7‬‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪x +1+ x‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬ ‫>‬
‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪x →3 3 − x‬‬
‫>‬

‫‪x −2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3x 3 + 2‬‬ ‫) ‪f (x) = p (1 + x 2‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪(4‬‬
‫‪f (x) = 2‬‬
‫‪2x + 4‬‬
‫‪(8‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻌﻴ ﻥ‬
‫‪ 8‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ [0; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﺃﺩﺭﺱ ﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪x 2 + 2x − x‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ D f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ +‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪−‬‬

‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪Df =R‬‬ ‫‪، f (x) = −x 3 + 2x − 2‬‬ ‫■‬

‫}‪ R − {−2; 1‬ﺑـ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ‬ ‫‪Df =R‬‬ ‫‪، f (x) = 3x 2 + x − 3‬‬ ‫■‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪x 3 + 2x 2 + x + 2‬‬ ‫‪+ 2x + 1‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪x2 + x − 2‬‬
‫}‪D f = R − {2‬‬ ‫‪، f (x) = x‬‬ ‫‪2−x‬‬
‫■‬

‫ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪.−2‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻔهﺎ‬
‫‪ 10‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪.0‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬
‫‪x2 + x + 1 + x‬‬ ‫‪(4‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪x2 + 1 − x2 − 1‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫‪ 17‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻔهﺎ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪lim x + x 2 + 3‬‬ ‫‪(5‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬ ‫‪x +1−1‬‬
‫ﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫‪x2 + a2 − a‬‬ ‫‪x→0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫¯‬
‫¯‪¯x −1‬‬
‫¯‬ ‫‪a>0‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫‪lim p‬‬ ‫‪(6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪lim x − x + 2‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪¯ (3 f (x) = x + 3 (2 f (x) = |x − 1| (1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪x→0 x 2 + b 2 − b‬‬
‫¯¯ = )‪f (x‬‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫¯‪x +1‬‬ ‫|‪|x − 1‬‬ ‫‪x2 − 1‬‬ ‫‪b>0‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫‪ 11‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻖ ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺘ ﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‪/‬ﺍ ﺼﺮ‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪x2 + 1 − 2‬‬ ‫‪x −2‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪x −4‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪x→1‬‬ ‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪x→4‬‬
‫‪f (x) = x + sin x‬‬ ‫‪ 18‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪x x +1−6‬‬ ‫‪x +1−1‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺘ ﻥ‪lim f (x) ، lim f (x) :‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(4‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫‪x→3‬‬ ‫‪x −3‬‬ ‫‪x→0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪2x‬‬ ‫‪tan x‬‬ ‫‪sin x‬‬
‫‪f (x) = p‬‬ ‫‪ 19‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ [∞‪ ]1; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪=1‬‬ ‫‪ x→0‬ﻭ‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪ 12‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ‪= 1‬‬
‫‪x +1‬‬ ‫‪x→0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪>p‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ ‪ x > 1‬ﻓﺎﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪tan x‬‬ ‫‪sin 3x‬‬
‫‪x +1‬‬ ‫‪2x‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪x→0 x‬‬
‫‪(4‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪x→0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫)‪lim f (x‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪sin ax‬‬
‫‪(5‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪tan 3x‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬
‫‪x→0 bx‬‬ ‫‪x→0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪tan ax‬‬ ‫‪sin 3x‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪x→0 bx‬‬
‫‪(6‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪x→0 2x‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪cos x − 1‬‬
‫≤‬
‫‪2 x +1‬‬
‫‪≤1‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x ≥ 1‬ﻓﺎﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪ 13‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ∗‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺘ ﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘ ﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪.0‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x x‬‬
‫∞‪.x→+‬‬
‫‪lim p‬‬ ‫‪، lim‬‬ ‫‪ ) 14‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ(‬
‫‪x(x + 1) x→+∞ x + 1‬‬
‫¶ ‪µ‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪x sin‬‬ ‫‪ 21‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪3x + 4‬‬
‫‪x →0‬‬
‫>‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫>‬ ‫‪x −3‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪x →3‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫ﺍﻭ ﺧﻄﺄ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ 22‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪ x‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ .x > 0‬ﺍﺟﺐ ﺑ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪3 − 6x‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪x →1‬‬ ‫‪1−x‬‬
‫∞‪lim f (x) = +‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ ‪ f (x) ≥ x 2‬ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪2x − 1‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬ ‫‪x +4‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪lim f (x) = 0‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫≤ )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪.x→−‬‬
‫‪lim x 2 + x + 1 (4‬‬
‫)‪f (x‬‬ ‫´ ‪³ πx‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪x2‬‬
‫‪=0‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ ‪ 1 ≤ f (x) ≤ x + 1‬ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫∞‪.x→+‬‬
‫‪lim sin‬‬ ‫‪(5‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬ ‫‪2x + 1‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫½‬ ‫¾‬ ‫∞‪.x→−‬‬
‫‪lim −2x 2 + x − 3 (6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪R− −‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ 23‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ 15‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻃﺮ ﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
‫‪2x − sin x‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪x2 + x − 6‬‬
‫‪3x + 1‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(6‬‬
‫‪x→2‬‬ ‫‪x −2‬‬ ‫‪lim 2x 3 − 5x + 1‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪x→1 x − 1‬‬
‫‪(7‬‬ ‫‪lim x − x‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬
‫‪2x − 1‬‬ ‫‪2x + 1‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫≤ )‪≤ f (x‬‬ ‫‪sin 3x‬‬
‫‪3x + 1‬‬ ‫‪3x + 1‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪(8‬‬ ‫‪lim 4x 2 + 1 − x‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪x→0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2x + x − 3‬‬ ‫‪lim x 2 + 1 − x‬‬ ‫‪(4‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬ ‫‪5x + 4‬‬
‫‪(9‬‬ ‫∞‪x→+‬‬

‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬

‫‪ (3‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ [2; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪x + x2 + 1‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫)‪(1 + x‬‬ ‫‪(5‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬ ‫‪x +4‬‬
‫‪(10‬‬
‫‪3x + sin x‬‬
‫= )‪g (x‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫∗‪R‬‬ ‫‪ 16‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫|‪2|x‬‬
‫≤ |‪|g (x) − 3‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x ≥ 2‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫= )‪ f (x‬‬ ‫‪; x 6= 0‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪.+‬‬ ‫‪ f (0) = 2‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪x 6= 4‬‬ ‫‪ 30‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫‪2x 2 + 3x − 1‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪ 24‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {1‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪(x − 1)2‬‬
‫‪x 2 − x − 10‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ‪ .‬ﻣﺒ ﻨﺎ‬
‫‪x −4‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭ ﺔﻟـ ) ‪ (C‬ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪ a, b, c‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ‬
‫‪f (x) = ax + b +‬‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪: x 6= 4‬‬ ‫‪ 25‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ∗‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪ f (x) = 2x +3+ x32 :‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬
‫‪x −4‬‬ ‫»‪#» #‬‬
‫) ‪ (C‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪(O; i ; j‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )‪ (D‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪ y = ax + b‬هﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫»‪#» #‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ (D) : y = 2x + 3‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C‬ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪(O; i ; j‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ +‬ﻭ ∞‪.−‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ +‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪−‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﺍ )‪.(D‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﺍ )‪.(D‬‬
‫‪ 26‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ∗‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪. f (x) = −x + 2 + x32 :‬‬
‫‪ 31‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {−1‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) ‪ (C‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪.(O; #»i ; #»j‬‬
‫‪x 3 + 3x 2 + 6x + 3‬‬
‫= )‪ f (x‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) ‪ (C‬ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪f‬‬
‫‪(x + 1)2‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )∆( ﺫﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ y = −x +2‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ +‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪.−‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮهﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻔهﺎ ﻣﺒ ﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻟـ ) ‪.(C‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻞ )∆(‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍ( ﻋ ﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪ c, b, a‬ﻭ ‪ d‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ‬
‫‪cx + d‬‬ ‫‪ 27‬ﺍﺟﺐ ﺑ ﺍﻭ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻳﺮ ﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫‪f (x) = ax + b +‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x 6= −1‬ﻳ ﻮﻥ‬
‫‪(x + 1)2‬‬ ‫ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ ]2; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪ f (x) = −2x x+−7x2 − 11‬ﻭ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) ‪ (C‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﻼ )∆( ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ −‬ﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ +‬ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴ ﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪.(O; #»i ; #»j‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪. f (x) = −2x + 3 − x −5 2 :‬‬ ‫)‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺧﺮﻯ ﻟـ‬
‫ﺝ( ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C‬ﻭ )∆(‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺯ ﺎ‬ ‫) ‪(C‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ‬
‫‪ f 32‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ [∞‪ [0; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ‪.x = 2 :‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪ f (x) = x + 1 + x 2 + 4x‬ﻭ ) ‪ (C‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻱ‬
‫∞‪lim f (x) = −‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫ﺍﳌ ﺴﻮﺏ ﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫∞‪x→−‬‬

‫‪ (4‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺫﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ y = −2x + 3‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫‪y = 2x + 3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ‬ ‫)∆(‬‫‪ (1‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪.+‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪+‬‬
‫‪ 28‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪ f (x) = ax + b + x +c d :‬ﻭ ) ‪ (C‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ‬
‫)∆(‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻴﺔ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋ ﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪ c ، b ، a‬ﻭ ‪ d‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‪ (C ) :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪ x = 1‬ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﻼ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ = ‪y‬‬
‫‪ 2x + 3‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ −‬ﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ +‬ﻭ ﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪A(0; 4‬‬
‫ﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﺎ ﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪ 33‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫‪2x + 3‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪x +2‬‬
‫‪ 29‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {−2‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪a =0‬‬ ‫‪، f (x) = x1 (1‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻋ ﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘ ﻥ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪ b‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫‪، f (x) = x (2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫‪a =2‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = a +‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x 6= −2‬ﻳ ﻮﻥ‬
‫‪x +2‬‬
‫‪a =0‬‬ ‫‪، f (x) = px (3‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻔهﺎ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪x 2‬‬ ‫[‪; x ∈ [−1; 2‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭ ﺔﻟـ ) ‪ (C‬ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫‪a =2‬‬ ‫‪، f (x) = ‬‬ ‫‪(4‬‬
‫‪x − 1‬‬ ‫[‪; x ∈ [2; 5‬‬ ‫) ‪(C‬‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﻋ ﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ f 42‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ]‪ [0; π‬ﺑـ ‪. f (x) = 2 + 12 sin x :‬‬ ‫)‪f (x) = (x + 1) sin(x‬‬ ‫‪ 34‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺣﻴﺪ ‪ α‬ﻣﻦ ]‪ [0; π‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ‪. f (α) = α‬‬ ‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ‪.R‬‬
‫‪ 35‬ﺑﺮهﻦ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ x 3 − x = −3‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻋ ﺍﻻﻗﻞ ﺣﻼ‬
‫‪ 43‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺘ ﻥ ‪ f (x) = x1‬ﻭ ‪ g (x) = x 2 − x + 2‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ ﺎﻝ ]‪[−2; −1‬‬

‫) ‪ (C g‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺘ ﻥ ‪ f‬ﻭ ‪ g‬ﻋ ﺍﻟ ﺗ ﺐ ﻳﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪f (x) = x 3 − 5x 2 + 3x + 4‬‬ ‫‪ 36‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﻓﺎﺻﻠ ﺎ ‪ α‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑ ﻥ ‪ 0‬ﻭ ‪.1‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪ f 0 (x‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻭﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫‪f (x) = x + x‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ [∞‪ [0; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪44‬‬ ‫ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺑﺮﺭ ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ [∞‪[0; +‬؟‬ ‫]‪[1; 2‬‬ ‫ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ f (x) = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻭﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 37‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔﻋ ‪ R‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪ f (3‬ﻭ )‪. f (4‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ f (x) = 5‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ ‪ α‬ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ f (x) = −x + 2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫]‪; x ∈ ]−∞; 1‬‬
‫]‪[3; 4‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪f (x) = x‬‬ ‫]∞‪; x ∈ ]1; +‬‬

‫‪ 45‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ]‪ [0; 1‬ﻭ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻗﻴﻤ ﺎ ]‪.[0; 1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ f (x) = x‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻋ ﺍﻻﻗﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫]‪.[0; 1‬‬
‫‪ (2‬هﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ‪ R‬؟ ﳌﺎﺫﺍ؟‬
‫‪f (1) = 1‬‬ ‫‪ f 46‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ]‪ [0; 1‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ‪ f (0) = 0‬ﻭ‬
‫‪1−c‬‬ ‫‪x3 − 1‬‬
‫= )‪f (c‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ c‬ﻣﻦ [‪ ]0; 1‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺎﻥ ‪ x 6= 1‬ﻭ‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬
‫‪1+c‬‬
‫‪f (1) = 3‬‬
‫‪1−x‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪1+x‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣ هﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻋ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪.1‬‬
‫‪ f 47‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ]‪ [a, b‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬
‫‪ (2‬هﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ‪ R‬؟‬
‫‪f (b) > b 2‬‬ ‫‪ f (a) < ab‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ 39‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫‪f (c) = bc‬‬ ‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ c‬ﻣﻦ ]‪ [a, b‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ f 48‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ]‪ I = [0, 1‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ f (x) = 3x + m‬‬ ‫]‪; x ∈ ]−∞; 1‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ ‪f (x) ∈ I ، I‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ f (x) = x 2 + 1‬‬ ‫]∞‪; x ∈ ]1; +‬‬
‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋ ﺍﻻﻗﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ α‬ﻣﻦ ‪ I‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ = )‪f (α‬‬
‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬هﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ ]∞‪ ]1; +‬؟ ﻋ ]‪]−∞; 1‬؟‬
‫‪ 49‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻞ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻛﺜ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﺭﺟﺘﻪ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻋ ﺍﻻﻗﻞ‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ m‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗ ﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋ‬
‫ﺟﺬﺭﺍ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ) ‪ (C‬ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬
‫‪ 50‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ [1; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ f (x) = x + 2x − a; x > 2‬‬
‫‪f (x) = −x 3 + 3x + 3‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2x 2 − a + b‬‬
‫‪ 40‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔﻋ ‪ R‬ﺑـ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫= )‪ f (x‬‬ ‫‪;x ≤ 2‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪ b‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻋ ﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑ ﻥ ﻭ‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪ b‬ﺣ ﺗ ﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪2‬‬
‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ f 41‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ]‪ I = [0; 1‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫‪f (x) = 0‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ ‪f (x) ∈ I ، I‬‬
‫[∞‪[1; +‬‬
‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋ ﺍﻻﻗﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ α‬ﻣﻦ ‪ I‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ = )‪f (α‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻥ ‪ 2 < α < 3‬ﺛﻢ ﻋ ﻥ ﺣﺼﺮﺍ ﻟـ ‪ α‬ﺳﻌﺘﻪ ‪.0.1‬‬ ‫‪α‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪ | 8‬ﺍﻹﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬

‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫)‪(1 + x‬‬ ‫‪(7‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = 2x 2 − 5x + 3‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ‬
‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪−3x + 2x + 1‬‬
‫‪x2 + x + 1‬‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪x −2‬‬
‫‪(8‬‬ ‫‪1 4 1‬‬ ‫‪ 51‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪f (x) = x 2 − 4‬‬
‫‪−3x 2 + x − 2‬‬
‫‪f (x) = x −‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪(9‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ . a = 3‬ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫‪x2 + 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪f (x) = x 2 − + x‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪(4‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩهﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪f (x) = 2x −‬‬
‫‪1−x‬‬
‫‪(10‬‬
‫‪f (x) = x(x 2 + 2) − 1‬‬ ‫‪(5‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = 3x 2‬‬ ‫‪ 52‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪f (x) = +‬‬
‫‪x 1−x‬‬
‫‪− x‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬ ‫)‪f (x) = (x + 1)(x 3 − 1‬‬ ‫‪(6‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪. a‬‬
‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬
‫ﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ) ‪ (T‬ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ) ‪ (C‬ﻣﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻓﺎﺻﻠ ﺎ ‪. a‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ‪. 1‬‬
‫‪a =0‬‬ ‫‪، f (x) = −3x 2 + x − 4‬‬ ‫■‬
‫|‪f (x) = x|x − 2‬‬ ‫‪ 53‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪a = −2‬‬ ‫‪، f (x) = 4xx +−13‬‬ ‫■‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪. 2‬‬

‫‪a =3‬‬ ‫‪، f (x) = 21 x + 2 − x −1 1‬‬ ‫■‬

‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﻓﺴﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍ ﺼﻞ ﻋﻠ ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪a =2‬‬ ‫= )‪، f (x‬‬ ‫■ ‪5 − 2x‬‬

‫‪a =1‬‬ ‫‪، f (x) = x 2 px‬‬ ‫■‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬

‫‪p‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪ 54‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ [∞‪ [1; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪π‬‬
‫=‪a‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪، f (x) = cos 2x‬‬ ‫■‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪. 1‬‬
‫‪ f 58‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {2‬ﺑـ ‪، f (x) = 3xx −−24 :‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﻓﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨ ﻴﺠﺔ ﺍ ﺼﻞ ﻋﻠ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌ ﺴﻮﺏ ﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ‬
‫⃗;‪(O‬‬
‫⃗‪i ,‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪j‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ‬
‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻋ ﻥ ‪ f 0‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ 55‬ﻋ ﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻞ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﻋ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ‬ ‫[∞‪I = ]0; +‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ‪1‬‬ ‫‪x +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫■ ‪■ f (x) = 2x − x + 4x − 1‬‬
‫‪x2 + 1‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻋ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺗ ﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪x 2 − 4x − 3‬‬ ‫■ ‪f (x) = (x − 1) sin x‬‬
‫‪f (x) = 2‬‬ ‫■‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪x +x +3‬‬ ‫‪x +1‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = p‬‬ ‫■‬
‫■ ‪f (x) = x − 3x + 5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻤﺎﺳ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻞ ﻣ ﻤﺎ‬
‫هﻮ ‪−2‬‬ ‫ﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ 56‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ )‪ f (x‬ﻋ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻞ ‪ f (x) = ax +b + x −c 2 :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ (5‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺫﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ b ،‬ﻭ ‪ c‬ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪y = − x −1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫)‪f 0 (x‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺫﻱ‬ ‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫‪ (6‬هﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪y = x + 2‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪: f‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺍ( ﻋ ﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪ b ، a‬ﻭ‬

‫‪c‬‬
‫‪ f 59‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ −1‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ f 0 (−1) = 2‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ ، f‬ﻳﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪A(−1; −3‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﳌﻤﺎﺱ هﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪. A‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑ ﻥ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ 0‬ﻭ ‪ 12‬ﻣﻌﻠﻼ ﺍﺟﺎﺑﺘﻚ‬ ‫‪ 60‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪f (x) = x 3 − 3x 2 + 2 :‬‬

‫‪ (3‬ﻧﺎﺧﺬ ﻓﻴﻤﺎﻳ ‪ c = −1 ، b = 2 ، a = −1 :‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺍﳌﻨﺤ‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﻣ ﺴﻮﺏ ﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍ ﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋ ﺍ ﺪﻭﻝ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﺎ )∆( ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫) ‪(C‬‬ ‫‪ 61‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪ f (x) = x 3 − 3x 2 + 2 :‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻟـ )∆( ﻭ ) ‪ .(C f‬ﺍ‬ ‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍ ﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴ ﻥ‬ ‫■‬

‫ﺝ( ﻧﺎﻗﺶ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ‪ m‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎهﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪f (x) = m‬‬ ‫‪ 62‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪ f (x) = x 3 :‬ﻭ ) ‪ (C‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪) | ⋆⋆⋆ 66‬ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﻮ (‬
‫‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ∗‪ n ∈ N‬ﻭ ‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍ ﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴ ﻥ‬ ‫■‬
‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎهﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪f (x) = (1 + x)n − 1 − nx‬‬
‫‪) 63‬ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺩﺍﻟﺘ ﻥ(‬
‫[∞‪[−1; +‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪2x + 2‬‬
‫‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ [∞‪ ]2; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x −2‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ∗‪ n ∈ N‬ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ [∞‪ x ∈ [−1; +‬ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬
‫‪¤p‬‬ ‫‪£‬‬
‫‪(1 + x)n ≥ 1 + nx‬‬ ‫ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫∞‪2; +‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﺍﻱ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟـ ‪ x‬ﺗ ﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺔ؟‬ ‫■‬ ‫) ‪g (x) = f (x 2‬‬

‫‪2x 2 + 5x + 10‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪ f 67‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R−{−2‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ f 64‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪f (x) = cos x‬‬
‫‪2x + 4‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﻭ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) ‪ (C‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻋ ﻥ ‪ f (3) ، f 00 ، f 0‬ﻭ )‪ f (4‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺘﺎ ﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫→‬
‫→ ‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫) ‪(O; i ; j‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﻋﻂ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴ ﻏ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻭﻡ ‪، n‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ +∞ ، −‬ﻭ ‪. −2‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ )‪f (n) (x‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x 6= −2‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ 65‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {2‬ﺑﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻰ ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ f (x) = ax + b + 2xc+ 4‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ c ، b ، a‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬
‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴﻴ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)∆(‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﻼ‬ ‫■‬ ‫)‪f 0 (x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬

‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ) ‪ (C‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﺍ )∆(‬ ‫■‬ ‫)‪f (x‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪−‬‬

‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫‪µ‬‬ ‫¶‬
‫؟ ﻓﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ (5‬هﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫) ‪(C‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ‬ ‫‪Ω −2; −‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ؟‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ) ‪ (C‬ﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪x0 = 1‬‬ ‫‪ (6‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟ ﻧﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺳ ﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ ) ‪ (C f‬هﻮ ﻣﻨﺤ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬
‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ (7‬ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫)∆(‬‫‪ (8‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺱ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ‪−2‬‬

‫‪f (x) f 0 (x) < 0‬‬ ‫ﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ (9‬ﺣﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﳌ ﺍ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪f (x) = |x − 3| +‬‬ ‫‪ f 70‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {1‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻭ ) ‪ (C‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌ ﺴﻮﺏ ﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫‪−1‬‬
‫→‬
‫→ ‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪(O; i ; j‬‬
‫) ‪(C f‬‬
‫‪−2‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ )‪ f (x‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 3‬ﻣﻔﺴﺮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﺤ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪.(C f‬‬
‫)‪، g 3 (x) = − f (−x) ، g 2 (x) = − f (x) ، g 1 (x) = f (−x‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ g 5 (x) = f (|x|) ، g 4 (x) = f (x − 1) + 1‬ﻭ |)‪، g 6 (x) = | f (x‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ‪.‬‬
‫|)|‪ 69 g 7 (x) = | f (|x‬ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﺍﺩﻧﺎﻩ هﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫→ ;‪ ، (O‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ‬ ‫→ ‪−‬‬‫‪−‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪i ; j‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪f‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﻥ ‪ (∆) : y = x −3‬ﻭ ‪ (∆ ) : y = −x +3‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﻥ‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ +‬ﻭ ∞‪ −‬ﻋ ﺍﻟ ﺗ ﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ) ‪ (C‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﺍ )∆( ﻭ ) ∆( ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ) ‪، (∆) ، (C‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫) ∆( ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪ f 71‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ D f‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪p‬‬
‫‪ f (x) = x + 1 + x 2 + 4x‬ﻣﻊ [∞‪ D f = ]−∞; −4] ∪ [0; +‬ﻭ ‪C‬‬
‫→‬
‫→ ‪−‬‬‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪(O; i ; j‬‬
‫‪β‬‬ ‫‪γ‬‬ ‫‪α‬‬
‫)∞‪(+‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺘ ﻥ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ )∞‪ (−‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪−4‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪b‬‬

‫‪−2‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪b‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪b‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ ، y = 2x+3‬هﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫‪−1‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ‪ C‬ﺑﺠﻮﺍﺭ )∞‪.(+‬‬

‫‪−2‬‬

‫‪ (3‬هﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 0‬؟ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ −4‬؟‬

‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫}‪x ∈ D f − {−4; 0‬‬ ‫‪ f‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ‬ ‫)‪(x‬‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﺟﺐ ﻋ ﺍﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻐ ﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬ ‫‪ (5‬ﺍ‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﻭﺟﺪ ﻞ ﻣﻦ )‪ f 0 (−1) ، f (β) ، f (0) ، f (−2‬ﻭ )‪. f 0 (−2‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﺃﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭ ﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ‪.C‬‬
‫)‪f 0 (x‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﻋ ﻥ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ ، x‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ )‪ f (x‬ﻭ‬
‫)‪lim f (x‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬
‫∞‪، x→+‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪lim f (x) :‬‬

‫‪f (x) + 1‬‬ ‫‪f (x) + 1‬‬

‫‪lim‬‬
‫<‬ ‫‪x −1‬‬
‫‪ lim‬ﻭ‬ ‫>‬ ‫‪x −1‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺍﻭﺟﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫‪x →1‬‬ ‫‪x →1‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪III‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﺑ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪ | 9‬ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺗﺠﺮ ﻴﺔ‬

‫‪If you fail, never give up because F.A.I.L‬‬
‫‪means”First Attempt In Learning”. End is not the‬‬
‫‪end. In fact, E.N.D means ”Effort Never Dies”. If‬‬
‫‪you get No as an answer, remember No means‬‬
‫‪”Next Opportunity‬‬

‫)‪x.g (x‬‬
‫= )‪f 0 (x‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ ‪: R‬‬ ‫‪  |  72‬ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺗﺠﺮ ﻴﺔ ‪ - 2014 -‬ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ ﻲ )‪ 5.07‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ(‬
‫‪(2x 2 − 2x + 1)2‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ f 0‬ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ )‪ f 0 (x‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ x‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪ (I‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ g‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ ) . f‬ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ‪( f (α) ≈ −0.1‬‬
‫‪g (x) = 2x 3 − 4x 2 + 7x − 4‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪ f (1‬ﺛﻢ ﺣﻞ ‪ R‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪. f (x) = 0‬‬
‫∞‪.x→+‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍ( ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪ lim g (x‬ﻭ )‪lim g (x‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )∆( ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪.(C f‬‬ ‫‪ (5‬ﺍ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﻋ‬
‫ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ h‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ g (x) = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ ‪ α‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫‪.0.7 < α < 0.8‬‬
‫‪x 3 − 4x 2 + 2x − 1‬‬
‫= )‪h(x‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ )‪.g (x‬‬
‫‪2x 2 − 2x + 1‬‬

‫ﻭ ) ‪ (C h‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (II‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x 3 − 2x + 1‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫ﺍ( ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ ‪.h(x) = f (x) − 2 : R‬‬ ‫‪2x 2 − 2x + 1‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﻥ ) ‪ (C h‬هﻮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺑﺘﺤﻮ ﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﻲ ﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻭ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌ ﺴﻮﺏ ﺍ ﻣﻌﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴ ﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺍ ) ‪. (C h‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪.(O; #»i , #»j‬‬
‫∞‪.x→+‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪ lim f (x‬ﻭ )‪lim f (x‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺍ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ ‪: R‬‬

‫‪  |  73‬ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺗﺠﺮ ﻴﺔ ‪ - 2009 -‬ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ ﻲ )‪ 5.07‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ(‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 − 3x‬‬
‫‪f (x) = (x + 1) +‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫)‪2(2x 2 − 2x + 1‬‬
‫‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [‪ I = ]−∞; −1[ ∪ ]−1; 0‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫)∆(‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﻼ‬
‫‪ f (x) = −x+ x +4 1‬ﻭ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ ﻣ ﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪ (O,⃗i ; ⃗j‬ﻛﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﺒ ﻥ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ( ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻭ )∆(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫‪t‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫) ‪(C‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪−7‬‬ ‫‪−6‬‬ ‫‪−5‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪−2‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬

‫‪−1‬‬
‫‪−2‬‬

‫‪−2‬‬
‫‪−3‬‬

‫‪−3‬‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪ (I‬ﺍ( ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍ ﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻟـ‬

‫)‪g (0‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﻭﺣﺪﺩ‬
‫¶ ‪µ‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍ( ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪.g 2‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ‪ f‬ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫¸‬ ‫·‬ ‫ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻳﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫;‪0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻋﻠﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ α‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫‪.g (α) = 0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ g (II‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ [0; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪g (x) = x +‬‬
‫‪x +1‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ )‪ g (x‬ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‪]−1; +∞[ .‬‬
‫ﻭ ) ‪ (C g‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﻣ ﺴﻮﺏ ﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ‬
‫[∞‪]−1; +‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺄ ﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 2‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪(x + 1)2‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ‪ g‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ )‪ (Γ‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ) ‪. (O; #»i , #»j‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻥ ) ‪ (C g‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﻼ )∆( ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍ( ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪: ]−1; +‬‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ f 0 (x) = (xg+(x)1)3‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ f 0‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬
‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻐ ﺍﺕ‬
‫)‪f (x) − f (α‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻓﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻴﺠﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫‪x→α‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻋ ﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫‪x −α‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫∞‪ .x→+‬ﻓﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻴﺠﺘ ﻥ‬
‫ﺝ( ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ‪ lim f (x) :‬ﻭ ])‪lim [ f (x)−(x +1‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪k(x) = |x| +‬‬
‫‪x +1‬‬
‫‪ k (III‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {−1‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x → −1‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪k(h) − k(0‬‬ ‫)‪k(h) − k(0‬‬
‫ﺩ( ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ‪. f‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫<‬ ‫‪h‬‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪lim‬‬
‫>‬ ‫‪h‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍ( ﺍﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫‪h →0‬‬ ‫‪h →0‬‬
‫ﺴﺘ ﺘﺞ؟‬
‫‪α = 0.26‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﻧﺄﺧﺬ‪:‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﻋﻂ ﺗﻔﺴ ﺍ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ ﻟهﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻴﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪10−2‬‬ ‫ﺍ( ﻋ ﻥ ﻣﺪﻭﺭ )‪ f (α‬ﺍ‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ )‪(Γ‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺳ ﻥ ) ‪ (∆1‬ﻭ ) ‪ (∆2‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠ ﺎ ‪x 0 = 0‬‬

‫) ‪(C k‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ) ‪ (∆1‬ﻭ ) ‪ (∆2‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺗﺠﺮ ﻴﺔ ‪ - 2008 -‬ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ ﻲ )‪ 07‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ(‬ ‫‪|  74‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ هﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ‪g‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ ]−1; +‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺄ ﻲ ‪g (x) = x 3 +3x 2 +3x−1 :‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪ | 10‬ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺗﻘ ﺭ ﺎ‬
‫‪Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most‬‬
‫‪certain way to succeed is always to try just one‬‬
‫‪more time.‬‬

‫‪Thomas A. Edison‬‬

‫‪ - 2017 -‬ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ ﻲ )‪ 07‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ(‬ ‫ﺗﻘ ﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪|  76‬‬ ‫‪ - 2010 -‬ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ ﻲ )‪ 06‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ(‬ ‫‪|  75‬‬
‫ﺗﻘ ﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ R‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ f‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ‬
‫‪ (I‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ‪ g‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪µ‬‬ ‫¶‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪f (x) = x 1 + p‬‬
‫‪x2 + 1‬‬
‫‪g (x) = x 3 + 6x + 12‬‬
‫ﻭ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌ ﺴﻮﺏ ﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ‬
‫»‪#» #‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪.g‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪(O; i , j‬‬

‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ g (x) = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ [‪ ، ]−1.48; −1.47‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ )‪.g (x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪f 0 (x) = 1 +‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪ (II‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪(x 2 + 1) x 2 + 1‬‬

‫‪x3 − 6‬‬
‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫‪f (x) = 2‬‬
‫‪x +2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ‬ ‫) ‪(T‬‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻭ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌ ﺴﻮﺏ ﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ‪.0‬‬
‫»‪#» #‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪(O; i , j‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﺍ ) ‪ (T‬ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﻥ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫∞‪ x→−‬ﻭ‬
‫)‪lim f (x‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍ( ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪lim f (x‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍ ﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴﻴ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪: x‬‬ ‫) ‪(C f‬‬‫‪ (6‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ‪ (d‬ﺫﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ y = x +1‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ‬
‫)‪x.g (x‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺭ ∞‪ +‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ) ‪ (d 0‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫= )‪f 0 (x‬‬
‫‪(x 2 + 2)2‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫‪ (7‬ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ) ‪ (d‬ﻭ ) ‪ (d 0‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻭﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ g (8‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )∆( ﺫﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ y = x :‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍ(‬ ‫‪µ‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫¶‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫‪g (x) = |x| 1 + p‬‬
‫‪x2 + 1‬‬
‫ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )∆(‬ ‫ﺏ(‬ ‫ﺍ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺯﻭﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ‪ ، f (α) = α :‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺣﺼﺮﺍ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ )‪f (α‬‬ ‫ﺝ(‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫‪g‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ) ‪ (C g‬ﻣﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )∆( ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪.(C f‬‬ ‫ﺩ(‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪ | 11‬ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍ( ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺫﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ x = 1‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ‬ ‫‪ 77‬ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ‪ - 2009 -‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ ﻲ )‪ 7‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ(‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C n‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﻥ ) ‪ (C n‬ﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭ ﻊ ﻧﻘﻂ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎ ﺎ‬ ‫‪ f‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ ]−1; +‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺄ ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪f (x) = x − p‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ هﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪x +1‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌ ﺴﻮﺏ ﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻣﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫) ‪(C 7‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪ (C 2‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﺍ‬ ‫»‪#» #‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪(O; i , j‬‬

‫‪) | ⋆⋆⋆ 79‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﻄﻴﺔ (‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ‬ ‫‪ λ‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪f λ . λ > 0‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﻥ ﺍﺣﺪهﻤﺎ‬
‫[∞‪ I = ]0; +‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳ ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (D‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪y = x :‬‬
‫‪2λ λ2‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻭ )‪(D‬‬
‫‪f λ (x) = x +‬‬ ‫‪+ 3‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫) ‪ (C λ‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠ ﺎ ‪ x 0‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪1.3 < x 0 < 1.4‬‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍ( ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f λ‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺏ( ﻋ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )∆( ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﻪ‬
‫) ‪(C λ‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺑﺮهﻦ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ ‪ d‬ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺝ( ﺍﺭﺳﻢ )∆( ﻭ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍ( ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f λ‬ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ ‪ I‬ﻭ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ‪:‬‬ ‫[∞‪]−1; +‬‬ ‫‪ g (4‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‬ ‫|)‪.g (x) = | f (x‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻥ ‪ f λ‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﻠﻐهﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫) ‪ (C g‬ﻣﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑـ ‪x λ‬‬
‫ﺍ( ﺑ ﻥ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍ ﺸﺎﺀ ) ‪ (C g‬ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ) ‪ ، (C f‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺭﺳﻤﻪ‬
‫‪xλ‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ) ‪ (C λ‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪Pλ‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍ( ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ‪ Pλ‬ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺏ( ﻧﺎﻗﺶ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ m‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭ‬
‫=‪y‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪x‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍ هﻮﻝ ‪g (x) = m 2 : x‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪ λ‬ﺍ ﺎﻝ ‪I‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﻣﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ‪ Pλ‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻤ‬ ‫‪) | ⋆⋆⋆ 78‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﻄﻴﺔ (‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴ ‪ n ≥ 1‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f n‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ‬
‫‪ R‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪f n (x) = (x 2 − 2x)n :‬‬

‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ‪ f n‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ −‬ﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ‪ ) f n‬ﻣ ﺍ ﺎﻟﺘ ﻥ ‪ n‬ﺯﻭ ﻭ ‪ n‬ﻓﺮﺩﻱ (‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫‪fn‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺴ ) ‪ (C n‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫⃗;‪(O‬‬
‫⃗‪i ,‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪j‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪IV‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫∆‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫‪80‬‬

‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ g (I‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ ]−1; +‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫)∆(‬ ‫‪g (x) = 2x 3 − 3x 2 − 1‬‬

‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﻋ ﻥ ‪ A‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭ ﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﻋ [∞‪ ]−1; +‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺍ( ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻤﺎﺳ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ g (x) = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ ‪ α‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻞ ﻣ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪ ، −3‬ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴ ﻥ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﻘﻄ‬
‫‪1.6 < α < 1.7‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺱ ‪ B‬ﻭ ‪C‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﺑﺮهﻦ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘ ﻥ ‪ B‬ﻭ ‪ C‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﺍ ‪A‬‬ ‫)‪g (x‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ x‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻭ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺳ ﻥ‬ ‫‪ (6‬ﺍ‬ ‫‪1−x‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪ (II‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ [∞‪ ]−1; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x3 + 1‬‬
‫‪ (7‬ﺍ( ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {3‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬ ‫⃗;‪(O‬‬
‫⃗‪i ,‬‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻟهﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪j‬‬

‫‪x 2 − 8x + 16‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪4cm‬‬

‫= )‪g (x‬‬
‫|‪|x − 3‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻋﻂ‬ ‫)‪lim f (x‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺍﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ‬
‫∞‪lim f (x) = +‬‬
‫>‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﻛﺘﺐ )‪ g (x‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫)‪f (x‬‬
‫∞‪x→+‬‬
‫‪x → −1‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴ ﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻨ ﻴﺠﺘ ﻥ‬
‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﺝ( ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C g‬ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍ( ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ [∞‪ ]−1; +‬ﻓﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ f 82‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {−1‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪g (x‬‬
‫= )‪f 0 (x‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪(x 3 + 1)2‬‬
‫‪f (x) = 3x + 2 −‬‬
‫‪x +1‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻟهﺎ‬ ‫) ‪(C f‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻋ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟـ )∆( ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫⃗;‪(O‬‬
‫⃗‪i ,‬‬
‫)‪j‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ‪0‬‬
‫)‪lim f (x‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬
‫∞‪ x→+‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍ( ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪lim f (x‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ [‪، ]−1; 1‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫)‪lim f (x‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪ lim f (x‬ﻭ‬
‫>‬
‫‪x → −1‬‬ ‫‪x → −1‬‬
‫<‬ ‫)‪x 3 (x − 1‬‬
‫= )‪f (x) − (−x + 1‬‬
‫هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪x3 + 1‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋ }‪ R − {−1‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪ (5‬ﺍﺩﺭﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺱ )∆( ‪.‬‬
‫ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻼﺣﻆ؟‬
‫)∆(‬‫‪ (3‬ﺍ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫‪ (6‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )∆( ﺫﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ y = x‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ ﻟـ ) ‪(C f‬‬

‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻌﻴ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪ (7‬ﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )∆( ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ‬

‫ﺏ( ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪ 81‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {3‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫)∆(‬
‫‪x 2 − 8x + 16‬‬
‫‪) (4‬ﺍ( ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ }‪: R − {−1‬‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪x −3‬‬

‫‪f (−1 − x) + f (−1 + x) = −2‬‬ ‫⃗;‪(O‬‬

‫⃗‪i ,‬‬
‫)‪j‬‬ ‫) ‪ (C f‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ‬
‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫)ﺏ( ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺴﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ‬ ‫∞‪ x→+‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍ( ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪lim f (x‬‬
‫)‪lim f (x‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬

‫)∆(‬ ‫) ‪ (C f‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ (5‬ﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 3‬ﻭ ﻓﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻴﺠﺔ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ‬
‫‪ (6‬ﻧﺎﻗﺶ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ m‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋ }‪ R−{3‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪3x 2 + (5 − m)x − 8 − m = 0‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍ( ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ﻥ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪ b‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪f (x) = 3|x|+2−‬‬
‫‪|x| + 1‬‬
‫‪ (7‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ‪ R‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪f (x) = ax + b +‬‬ ‫‪ x‬ﻣﻦ }‪ R − {3‬ﻓﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x −3‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (8‬ﺍ( ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻥ ‪ g‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ (3‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ g (x) = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ ‪ α‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭﺍ‬ ‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C g‬ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋ‬
‫ﺑ ﻥ ‪ 1, 6‬ﻭ ‪. 1, 7‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺍﺭﺳﻤﻪ‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ x‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ )‪ g (x‬ﻋ [∞‪]−1; +‬‬ ‫)‪x(x + 1‬‬
‫‪ f 83‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {2‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪x −2‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ (II‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ ]−1; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫) ‪ (C‬ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ‬
‫‪1−x‬‬ ‫→ ;‪.(O‬‬
‫→ ‪−‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫)‪i, j‬‬
‫= )‪f (x‬‬
‫‪x3 + 1‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ‬
‫→ ;‪) . (O‬ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‪(4cm :‬‬ ‫→ ‪−‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫)‪i; j‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍ( ﺑﺮﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ‪ (d‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ ، y = x +3‬هﻮ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ .(C‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻴﺔ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫∞‪ x→+‬ﺍﻋﻂ ﺗﻔﺴ ﺍ‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪lim f (x‬‬ ‫∞‪lim f (x) = +‬‬
‫>‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻞ‪. .‬‬
‫‪x → −1‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻨ ﻴﺠﺘ ﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ) ‪ (d‬ﺛﻢ ) ‪(C‬‬
‫)‪g (x‬‬
‫= )‪f 0 (x‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ [∞‪: ]−1; +‬‬
‫‪(x 3 + 1)2‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ) ‪ ، (C‬ﻋ ﻥ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ ، m‬ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪x 2 + (1 − m)x + 2m = 0 :‬‬
‫¯‬ ‫¯‬
‫¯ )‪¯ x(x + 1‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ‬ ‫)∆(‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﻋ ﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔﻟـ‬ ‫¯‬
‫¯ = )‪g (x‬‬ ‫¯‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ g‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {2‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫¯ ‪x −2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‪.0‬‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺐ )‪ g (x‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ )‪ f (x‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪. x‬‬ ‫■‬
‫= )‪f (x) − (−x + 1‬‬ ‫‪ (5‬ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ [‪: ]−1; 1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺳﻢ )‪ (γ‬ﻣﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋ ) ‪. (C‬‬ ‫■‬
‫)‪x 3 (x − 1‬‬
‫‪x3 + 1‬‬ ‫)‪|x|(|x| + 1‬‬
‫= )‪h(x‬‬
‫‪|x| − 2‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ h‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {−2; 2‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﻌﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ )‪ f (x) − (−x + 1‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ‬
‫) ‪ (C f‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺱ )∆( ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺴﺘ ﺘﺞ؟‬ ‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ‪ h‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫■‬

‫‪ -‬ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ‪α ≈ 1.64‬‬ ‫) ‪. (C‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺳﻢ )‪ (Γ‬ﻣﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ h‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋ‬ ‫■‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻋ ﻥ ﻣﺪﻭﺭ )‪ f (α‬ﺍ ‪. 10−2‬‬ ‫‪ 84‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ [−1; +‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻭ )∆( ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ g (x) = 2x 3 − 3x 2 − 1‬ﻭ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) ‪ (C g‬ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠهﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ 85‬ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪ g‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ [0; +‬ﺑﻤﺎﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪g (x) = f (x) − x f (x) + 1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ f‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ [0; +‬ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫)‪ f (0) = 1 ، f (x) = f 0 (x‬ﻭ ∞‪lim f (x) = +‬‬
‫∞‪.x→+‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻋ ﻥ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪−1‬‬

‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪−2‬‬

‫ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ g (x) = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫‪−3‬‬

‫[∞‪[0; +‬‬
‫‪−4‬‬
‫)‪g (x‬‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ x‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪−5‬‬
‫= )‪f (α‬‬
‫‪α−1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (5‬ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1 (I‬ﻻﺣﻆ ) ‪ (C g‬ﺛﻢ ﺿﻊ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ )‪. g (x‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎﻟﻮﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫‪g‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ (8‬ﻧﺎﻗﺶ ﺑﻴﺎ ﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ m‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫‪86‬‬

‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪f (x) = x + m :‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪ (I‬ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻮﺍ هﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ‬
‫‪x 2 − 2x − 15‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫‪f (x) = 2‬‬ ‫‪ 87‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ‪ :‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎﻳ ‪g (x) = x 3 − 3x 2 − 2 :‬‬
‫‪x − 2x − 3‬‬
‫) ‪ (C‬ﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌ ﺴﻮﺏ ﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫⃗;‪(O‬‬
‫⃗‪i ,‬‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪j‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ . f‬ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟ ﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭ ﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪(C‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪−2‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﳌﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻪ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪−1‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪−2‬‬
‫هﻮ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ‬ ‫‪x = 1‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ .(C‬ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪(C‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪ f m (x) = xx 2−−mx‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫‪− 15‬‬
‫‪mx − 3‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f m‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑـ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬

‫ﻭﺳﻴﻂ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪−5‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﻥ‬ ‫‪fm‬‬ ‫ﺍ( ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭ ﻥ ﳌﻨﺤﻨﺎهﺎ ) ‪(C m‬‬ ‫‪−6‬‬

‫ﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﺗ ﺘ‬

‫‪−7‬‬
‫) ‪(C m‬‬

‫ﺝ( ﻣﺎهﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴ ﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (4; 1‬؟‬
‫‪g 0 (x) ≥ 0‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌ ﺍ ﺔ‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪ f 88‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {1‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪f (x) = |x + 1| −‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪ g 0 (1‬ﻭ )‪g 00 (1‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫⃗;‪(O‬‬‫⃗‪i ,‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻟهﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ‬
‫)‪j‬‬
‫ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪g‬‬
‫‪f‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻌﺮ ﻔهﺎ‬
‫ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ g (x) = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ ‪ α‬ﺍ ﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪(4‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ )‪ f (x‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫[‪ ]3.1, 3.2‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ )‪ g (x‬ﻋ ‪R‬‬

‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪ f 0 (x‬ﻭ ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺷﺎﺭ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻐ ﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪،‬‬

‫= )‪(C f ) f (x‬‬
‫‪x3 + 1‬‬
‫‪ (II‬ﻌﺘ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋ }‪ R − {1‬ﺑـ ‪:‬‬
‫‪(x − 1)2‬‬
‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫‪ (4‬ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﻥ )∆( ﺑﺠﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫⃗;‪(O‬‬
‫⃗‪i ,‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺤ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ ﻟهﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ ) ‪j‬‬
‫ﻭ ) ‪ (∆0‬ﺑﺠﻮﺍﺭ ∞‪−‬‬
‫∞‪ ، x→+‬ﺛﻢ ﻓﺴﺮﺍﻟﻨ ﻴﺠﺔ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ )‪ lim f (x‬ﻭ ‪lim‬‬
‫∞‪x→−‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻴﺔ ﻟـ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻭ )∆( ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [∞‪ ]1; +‬ﻭ‬ ‫)‪(x − 1)g (x‬‬
‫= )‪f 0 (x‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺛ ﺖ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫}‪R−{1‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫) ‪ (∆0‬ﻋ ﺍ ﺎﻝ [‪]−∞; 1‬‬ ‫‪(x − 1)4‬‬
‫)‪f (−1 + h) − f (−1‬‬ ‫)‪f (−1 + h) − f (−1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘ ﺘﺞ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺷ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻐ ﺍ ﺎ‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬
‫<‬ ‫‪h‬‬
‫‪ lim‬ﻭ‬
‫>‬
‫)ﺍ( ﺍﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫‪h‬‬
‫‪h →0‬‬ ‫‪h →0‬‬ ‫ﺍ( ﺑ ﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )∆( ﺫﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ y = x + 2‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫‪(4‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺴﺘ ﺘﺞ؟‬
‫ﻣﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ∞‪ +‬ﻭ ∞‪−‬‬
‫)ﺏ( ﺍﻋﻂ ﺗﻔﺴ ﺍ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ ﻟهﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ) ‪ (C f‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﺍ )∆(‬
‫)ﺝ( ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟ ﻧﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺳ ﻥ ) ‪ (T1‬ﻭ ) ‪ (T2‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻓﺎﺻﻠ ﺎ ‪x 0 = −1‬‬
‫ﺑﺮهﻦ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ) ‪ (T‬ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻳﻮﺍﺯﻱ )∆( ‪،‬‬ ‫‪(5‬‬
‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻪ‬
‫) ‪ (∆) ، (C f‬ﻭ ) ‪ (∆0‬ﻭﻧﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺳ ﻥ‬ ‫‪ (6‬ﺍ‬
‫ﺟﺪ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﻘﻄ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ) ‪ (C f‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪(6‬‬
‫‪ (7‬ﻧﺎﻗﺶ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﺍ ﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ m‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺗ ﺐ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪f (x) = m + 1 :‬‬
‫)∆( ‪ (T ) ،‬ﻭ ) ‪(C f‬‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫‪(7‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﻧ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺳهﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬