

ρ0 a 2 r2 r3  V
23.88: a)  r  a : V  1  3  2 3
and E  
18ε0  a 2
a  r
ρ a2  r r2  ρ a  r r2 
 E   0   6 2  6 3   0   2 .
18ε0  a a  3ε0  a a 
V
r  a : V  0 and E    0.
r
Q ρ a r r2 
b)  r  a : Er 4πr  r  0   2  4πr
2 2

ε0 3ε0  a a 
ρ0 a  r  dr
Qr  dr (r 2  2r dr ) 
Er  dr 4π (r 2  2rdr )    4π (r 2  2r dr )
ε0 3ε0  a a 2 

Q  Qr ρ(r )4πr 2 dr ρ0 a 4πr 2 dr  2r 2 2r 1 
 r  dr     a 2  a  a 2  a 
ε0 ε0 3ε0
ρ0  4r   4r 
 ρ( r )  3  a   ρ0 1  3a .
3

c)  r  a : ρ(r )  0, so the total charge enclosed will be given by:

a
a 4r 3  1 3 r 4 
a
Q  4π 0  0   dr  4πρ0  3 r  3a   0.
2 2
ρ ( r ) r dr 4 πρ r
0
 3a   0
Therefore, by Gauss’s Law, the electric field must equal zero for any position r  a.