Cell Division: Mitosis

Why is this relevant to me?

New area of genetic research – Stem cells

Certain illnesses – Infections, Cancer

Biotechnology – Insulin, research

Plant Micropropagation
Purpose
“…All cells arise from pre-existing cells.”
Growth & Development
Renewal
Repair

Meiosis – process only occurs in the gonads to make

sex cells
- differentiation, gives rise to new species
Review terms
DNA, Genes, Chromosomes, Alleles, Haploid/Diploid
Key Terms
Somatic Cells - “soma” – body; cells consisting of the
body of an organism – (2n)
Germ Cells (Gametes) – Reproductive cells – (n)
‘Daughter’ cells – product of cell division after
separation
Homologous Chromosomes – contain 2 different
copies of alleles
Sister Chromatids – contain same genes, same alleles
Centromere – Region of DNA where sister chromatids
touch
Phases of the Cell Cycle – pg.102
Interphase
G1

S

G2

Cell Division
Mitosis
Prophase
 Chromosomes condense
 Spindle fibers appear
 Nuclear envelope dissolves
Metaphase
Sister chromatids attach to
spindle fibers and line up
along the equator of the cell
Mitosis
Anaphase
 Sister chromatids are pulled
apart into chromosomes
toward polar ends of the cell
Telophase
Chromosomes expand
Spindle fibers dissipate
Nuclear envelopes reform
Mitosis
Cytokinesis – begins at same time as telophase

- Cleavage furrow (cell plate in plant cells) forms

- Dividing cell is physically split into 2 cells

Mitosis in Plants
Plants lack centrioles
Use vesicles derived from the Golgi to make a cell plate
Results of the Cell Cycle
Mitosis – 1 new daughter cell

Meiosis – 2 cycles, 3 cell surplus

(2nd part of meiosis is the same as mitosis!)

References
http://
gizmodo.com/5671696/a-microscopic-snapshot-of-cancer-
cells-multiplying

http://
www.sciencecentric.com/news/07091003-mystery-behind-
how-nuclear-membrane-forms-during-mitosis-solved.html

http://www.isd2184.net/~
jensenje/biology/BioReviewWeb/U2ReviewWeb/mitosisW
eb/Images/Cellcyclediagram.jpg

GSU General Biology Lab Notebook, pg 101

References
http://www.microbehunter.com/2009/12/06/mitosis-s
tages-of-the-lily
/
http://
www.biologycorner.com/resources/cellcycle.png