Cell Division

INTERPHASE, MITOSIS, CYTOKINESIS

 Cell Cycle

 Cell cycle – process of cell reproduction through

growth and division
 Somatic cells – body cells of plants and animals
 3 functions of cell division
 Growth
 Repair
 Maintenance
 Stages of Cell Cycle

 3 main stages of the cell cycle:

 Interphase

 Mitosis

 Cytokinesis
Stage: Interphase

GROWTH AND PREPARATION

 Phases:
 G1/ Growth 1 Phase – rapid growth and cell activity

 S/ Synthesis Phase – DNA synthesis and replication

 G2/ Growth 2 Phase – cell prepares for cell division

 Stage: Mitosis

THE PROCESS OF DIVIDING NUCLEAR

MATERIAL
 Phase 1: Prophase

 Chromatin condenses into chromosomes

 Chromatin – DNA found in long, thick strands in interphase
 Chromosomes – condensed form of DNA

 Chromosomes are joined to their replicated copy (forming sister

chromatids) by a centromere
 Sister chromatids – chromosomes that are genetically
identical
 Centromere – holds sister chromatids together
 Phase 1: Prophase Continued…

 Nuclear membrane breaks down

 Centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell
 Spindle fibres are formed from the centrosomes
 Centrosomes + Spindle Fibres = Spindle
Apparatus
 Phase 2: Metaphase

 Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres

 Spindle fibres guide sister chromatids to the
equator of the cell
 Phase 3: Anaphase

 Centromere splits apart and sister chromatids are

separated
 Spindle fibres shorten and pull the chromosomes to
opposite poles of the cell
 Each pole has a complete set of chromosomes (46
chromosomes)
 Phase 4: Telophase

 Chromosomes start to unwind into strands of

chromatin
 Spindle fibres breakdown
 Nuclear membrane forms around each set of
chromosomes
Stage: Cytokinesis

THE DIVISION OF CYTOPLASM

 In animals:
 An indentation forms between the poles and deepens until
the cell pinches in two
 Two identical daughter cells

 In plants:
 Cell wall does not pinch

 Cell plate forms between two identical daughter cells

 New cells:
 Identical copies of the parent cell

 Begins G1 of Interphase
 Homework
 Page 111 – #2, 3, 8, 11, and 14