This session will be recorded for learning purposes.

Learning purposes include: a lesson review for students who are absent,
students who want to review for a test, etc.

Biology Opening Poll

 Science Fact Of The Day

 The New Mexico whiptail is an all-female

species of lizard due to a specific type of
asexual reproduction known as
parthenogenesis
Standards and Objectives

 B.4.4 Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in
producing and maintaining complex organisms.

 Students will be able to

 Describe mitosis and cytokinesis, and explain their function
 Identify phases of mitosis
Reproduction and
Development
LESSON 3.23
Life Cycle

 All living things grow, develop, and reproduce

 Two types of reproduction
 Asexual reproduction
 Sexual reproduction
Asexual Reproduction

 Process by which an organism produces a new genetically identical

organism
 One parent
 Fast and efficient process
Sexual Reproduction

 Process by which two organisms produce a new

genetically unique organism using gametes
 Gametes – sex cells (i.e. sperm and egg cells)
 Two parents
 Creates diversity
DNA

 Chromatin- loose form of DNA

 Form of DNA when the cell is NOT dividing
 Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes
 Before cell division DNA replicates creating identical sister chromatids which
are connected by a centromere
 Chromatid- one of two identical copies of a duplicated chromosome
 Homologous chromosomes

 Pairs of chromosomes
 Control the same gene but not necessarily in the same way
 1 chromosomes is from mom and 1 chromosome is from dad
 Somatic Cells

 Body Cells
 Starts and ends diploid (2n) during cell division
 Diploid – pair of homologous chromosomes
 In humans the number of chromosomes is 46
 Germ cells

 Sex cells
 Gametes (sperm and egg)
 Starts diploid (2n) ends haploid (n) during cell division
 Haploid – unpaired chromosomes
 In humans the number of chromosomes is reduced from 46 to 23
 Riddle!
WHAT GOES UP BUT NEVER COMES DOWN?
Mitosis
LESSON 3.24
Cell Division

 Mitosis
 Growth and maintenance of cells
 Meiosis
 Reproduction
Mitosis

 Occurs in Somatic Cells

 Body Cells
 Asexual reproduction
 Starts and ends with diploid (2n) cells
 Diploid – pair of homologous chromosomes
 In humans the number of chromosomes is 46
 Start with 1 cell and end with 2 identical daughter cells
 1 division
Interphase

 “Resting” Stage (Not Dividing)

 Divided into 3 phases
1. G1- Cell Growth
2. S- DNA Replication
3. G2- Preparation for Mitosis
Phases of Mitosis

1. Prophase
Metaphase
PMAT
2.

3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
Prophase

 Early Prophase
 Nuclear membrane/nucleolus begins to break down
 Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
 Centrioles migrate
 Contained within centrosome
 Late Prophase
 Spindle fibers begin to form
Metaphase

 Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

 Chromosomes connect to a spindle fiber
Anaphase

 Sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes

 Chromosomes begin to migrate to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase

 Chromosomes lengthen and decondense into chromatin

 Spindle fibers disappear
 Nuclear membranes and nucleoli reform
Cytokinesis

 Cell cytoplasm divides to make 2 identical diploid daughter cells

 Each with two complete sets of chromosomes

In plant cells a cell plate forms which will eventually become a

cell wall separating the new plant cells
Learning Check

In what phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and connect to a
spindle fiber?

A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Onion Root Tip -Interphase
Onion Root Tip- Prophase
Onion Root Tip- Metaphase
Onion Root Tip - Anaphase
Onion Root Tip – Telophase/ Cytokinesis
Assignment