IMA – questions and answers

2 mark questions

1. How is signal-to-noise ratio (s/n) relevant in measurements?

S/N = mean/std deviation = x / s
Effect of noise on the relative error of a measurement becomes greater, as signal
decreases, and thus becomes difficult to measure, thus the use of S/N ratio.

2. What is transistor? What is the role it plays in electronic circuit?

It is basic semiconductor amplifying and witching device. Two types: bipolar and
field effect transistors.
It can be used as a switch, voltage regulator, oscillator in a circuit.

3. What are the sources of ultraviolet spectrophotometer?

Sources: Xenon lamp, Deutrium lamp

4. What is a transducer?
Transducer is a device that converts one form of energy to another.

5. Write Beer-Lambert’s law and define its parameters

A= ε cl
Where, A = absorbance,
ε = molar absorbtivity
c = concentration,
l = path length

16 marks
Only pages where located in Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Skoog et al., fifth edition.

1. Ion-exchange chromatography – principle, types, uses.

Pages: 751 to 756
2. What are the salient features of HPLC that contribute to high resolution?
Pages: 726 to 739 (but includes a lot of unwanted details also, e.g. various types of
detectors)
3. Fourier transform measurements in various optical/spectral methods?
Pages: 182 to 189
4. What are the various parameters that govern separation in chromatography?
Pages: 687 to 692. Also refer earlier pages involving Retention time and column
preparation.
5. Give a comprehensive a/c of any 4 spectroscopic measurements employed in analysis of
biological measurements.
I have no idea what to write – it seems to go on and on for pages! Plus, I don’t have
the syllabus, so I don’t know which spectrometric analysis is important. Anyway, I
M writing this, check if its ok, or add some more if u have to:

- Flame emission Spectroscopy – pages: 250 to 251

- Mass spectroscopy – pages: 255 – 257 (rest I feel is not important, just check
anyway)
- Molecular and UV absorption spectrometers – pages: 300-302, then 312 to 315.
The diagram in 315 must be sufficient, again, doubtful. The theory behind
absorption is given in pages 330 to 332.
- Fluorescence and Phosphorescence – pages: 356 to 358 and 365 to 369.
- IR – pages: 381 to 383 and 387 tp 392 and 422 to 426 (though that has lots of
undesired materials).
Thats all I could find. Check this last one up.

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