JONATHAN DECORT JOHN GAINFORT

SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

R1

1k Ω R7
R6 100k Ω 100%
7 1 5 U1
Ke y =A
10k Ω 3
7 1 5 U2
0%
Ke y =A 6 3

2 6
R3
2
4 LM741CN 1k Ω
R5 R4
4 LM741CN
C2 10k Ω
R2
.1µF 10k Ω
1k Ω R8 Ke y =A 30%
100k Ω 0%
Ke y =A

ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER

VOLTAGE COMPARATOR

 IF V2 >V1
 THEN OUTPUT
SWINGS TO +Vdc

 IF V1 >V2
 THEN OUTPUT
SWINGS TO -Vdc
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

 An oscillator circuit that

utilizes an op-amp voltage
comparator to generate a
square wave with no input
NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER

 The non-inverting amplifier with negative

feedback is subject to the summing-point
constraint.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 +/- 5v DC supply for the voltage comparator

 +/- 15v DC supply for the non-inverting amplifier

 Z1=R1+R7, Resistance values of 1K-101KΩ

 Z2 = R5 + R6, Resistance values of 1K-101KΩ

 Z3 = R2 + R8, Resistance values of 10K-20KΩ

 R3, R4, -Range of gain between 1-4

 C1, least distorted waveform over the selected range of resistance

values.
PROCEDURES
 Compensate probes
 Set Probe attenuation to 1x
 Adjust the DC supplies on first op-amp for +5V and -5V
 Adjust the DC supplies on second op-amp for +15V and -15V
 With the PS output off connect the V+ and V- terminals of both
op-amps to the PS. NOTE: Failure to connect the right
terminals can damage your circuit.
 Attach the OSC probes to monitor Vout of both op-amps
 Adjust potentiometers R6, R7, and R8 to 0Ω
 Record Values for Period and Amplitude
 Adjust potentiometers R6, R7, and R8 to different values and
record values for period and amplitude.
 Repeat step 10 as many times as need to prove clearly how
frequency can be changed through the circuit.
 Adjust R4 to demonstrate variable gain.
CONCLUSIONS
 The circuit produced a clean square wave output over a wide range of resistance values.

 When Z1, Z2, and Z3 were changed, the circuit produced output frequencies between 16
HZ and 1512 Hz.

 The most dramatic change in frequency was attained by changing the value of Z1.

 The actual output amplitude of the astable multivibrator was about 8v; approximately 2v
less than the +/- 5V dc supplied to the operation amplifier. This could be the result of
voltage drop within the device.

 When R4 was changed, a range of gain between 1 and 4 was attained.

 The output signal of the amplifier was in phase with that of the multivibrator.

 Challenges:

 Two DC power supplies were required to produce four different supply voltages. A more
efficient method might be to construct a voltage divider circuit fed from a single power
supply.