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L02 Feedback Amplifiers
L02 Feedback Amplifiers
V 1 V 2 V1 z11 I1 z12 I 2
zI + + z21I1
12 2
V2 z 21I1 z 22 I 2
At port 1 At port 2
V2
Open-circuit reverse z V1 Open-circuit z 22
transimpedance
12
I 2 I1 0 output impedance I 2 I1 0
V 1 V 2
I1 y11V1 y12V2
y V
12 2 yV21 1
I 2 y21V1 y22V2
At port 1 At port 2
I2
Short-circuit reverse y I1 Short-circuit y22
transadmittance
12
V2 V1 0 output admittance V2 V1 0
At port 1 At port 2
I2
Open-circuit reverse h V1 Open-circuit h22
voltage gain
12
V2 I1 0 output admittance V2 I1 0
At port 1 At port 2
V2
Short-circuit reverse g I1 Short-circuit g 22
current gain
12
I 2 V1 0 output impedance I 2 V1 0
Z
6 6
Z
12 0
Z
18 6
6 6 0 3 6 9
Note: (1) z-matrix in the last circuit = sum of two former z-matrices
(2) z-parameters is normally used in analysis of series-series circuits
(3) Z12 = Z21 (reciprocal circuit)
(4) Z12 = Z21 and Z11 = Z22 (symmetrical and reciprocal circuit)
Ref:080130HKN EE3110 Feedback Amplifiers 6
y-parameter example
I 1 0.05S I 2 I 1 0.1S 0.2S I
2
+ + + +
V 1 V2 V 1 V
2
0.025S
1
1 1
y11 0.05S y22 0.05S y11 0.0692S
0.1 0.2 0.025
I1 0.05V2 1
y12 0.05S 1 1
V2 V1 0 V2 y22 0.0769S
0.2 0.1 0.025
I2 0.05V1 I1
y21 0.05S y12
V1 V2 0 V1 V2 V1 0
0.05 0.05 But I 2 y22V2 0.0769V2
y I1 I 2 I 1
0.05 0.05
0.1 0.025
I1 0.8I 2 0.0615V2
y12 0.0615S
By reciprocal, y21 y12 0.0615S
0.0692 0.0615
y
0.0615 0.0769
Ref:080130HKN EE3110 Feedback Amplifiers 7
y-parameter example (Cont’)
y11 0.05 0.692 0.1192 0.05S
y22 0.05 0.769 0.1269
I1
I1 0.1S 0.2S I2
y21 y12
V2 V1 0 + +
I 2 y22V2 0.1269V2 V1 V2
0.05 0.025S
I 0.05 S I 2 0.05V2
0.1269
I 0.2 S I 2 I 0.05 S 0.0769V2
Note: the y-matrix is equal to
0.1 the sum of two former ones.
I 0.1S 0.0769V2 0.0615V2
0.1 0.025 Therefore, y-parameters is
I1 0.0615V2 0.05V2 0.1115V2 normally used in analysis of
y12 0.1115 y21 shunt-shunt circuits
0.1192 0.1115
Y
What connection should be for h-
0.1115 0.1269 or g- parameters?
Vf : feedback factor
= Vf / V o
Vo A 1 T
V Vs V f Close loop gain : ACL (
Vs 1 A 1 T
)
• This result shows the effects of variations in A on ACL is mitigated by the feed
back amount.
• (1+A) is also called the desensitivity amount.
Ref:080130HKN EE3110 Feedback Amplifiers 11
Basic Feedback Topologies
Depending on the input signal (voltage or current) to be amplified
and form of the output (voltage or current), amplifiers can be
classified into four categories. Depending on the amplifier
category, one of four types of feedback structures should be used.
Vi +
V Vo Amplifier
Vi +
Vf V r r Vo
+
R AV
2
R1
Vf Vo
R1 R2
It is observed that:
(1) Series connection in input ports Feedback
(2) Shunt connection in output ports
Series-Shunt connection Equivalent circuit
h-parameter should be used.
Ref:080130HKN EE3110 Feedback Amplifiers 17
h-parameter analysis
I1
V1 V2 h11 f V1 R1 // R2
R1 R2
0 .9
R2 I1 V2 0 R1 R2
R1 h12 f
V1
I 2 R1
R1
0.1
V2 I1 0 I 2 ( R1 R2 ) R1 R2
I2 I2 1 1
h22 f
V2 I1 0 I 2 ( R1 R2 ) R1 R2 10k
h 11f
1
h 22f
h V +
12f 2
V2 AV
h22 f V2 0
ro
h12f V2 +
1
by putting V1 Vε and h22 f , we get
R1 R2
1 1 AV1
V2
ro R1 R2 ro
Therefore, the open loop voltage gain is The input impedance,
V2 A( R1 R2 ) R in (1 AOP )(h11 f r )
A OP ~ A 105
V1 r0 R1 R2
The output impedance,
And the close loop voltage gain,
ro //(1 / h22 f )
AOP 105 R out 0
A CL ~ 10 1 AOP
1 AOP 1 (10 )(0.1)
5
+ i
V1 RE V2 o
r v
+ r o +
vs gv
z
11f v o
v1
z11 f
i1 i2 0
RE
z
z i +
22f
12f o
v1
Z12 f RE
i2 i1 0
Reduce equivalent circuit
v
Z 22 f 2 RE
i2 i1 0
+ io
r v
+ r +
gv
o
vs z 11f v o
R1//R2 RC
z
z i +
22f
12f o
C1 RL
vS +
RF
I1 y11V1 y12V2 V1 RF V2
I 2 y21V1 y22V2
Feedback Network
I1 1
y11
V1 V2 0 RF
I I 1 I1 I2
y12 1 2
V2 V1 0 V 2 RF 1/RFVo
RF
I2 1 V1 RF
y22
V2 V1 0 RF
y-parameter modeling
Series-
) Rin (1 T ) ri R ro
Vo 1 T h-parameter
(
Shunt Vi 1 T out
1 T
Series- Io 1 T
( ) Rin (1 T ) ri Rout (1 T ) ro z-parameter
Series Vi 1 T
Shunt- Vo 1 T ri ro
( ) Rin y-parameter
Shun Ii 1 T Rout
1 T 1 T
Shunt- Io 1 T
( ri
Ii 1 T
) Rin Rout (1 T ) ro g-parameter
Series 1 T
Ref:080130HKN EE3110 Feedback Amplifiers 33
Supplementary
+VCC
R1 100
RC 1k
R1 RC vo
vs RE 2k
200
RE
r 10k
RE RE
RE
+
RE i2