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What is a port?
It is a pair of terminals through which a current may enter or
leave a network.
• No independent sources.
I1 I2
+ +
Input Output
V1
_ Port The Network Port
V2
_
Network/Circuit Equations
5
Admittance Y parameters
V1 = h11I1 + h12V2
Hybrid H parameters
I2 = h21I1 + h22V2
V1 = AV2 - BI2
Transmission A, B, C, D parameters
I1 = CV2 - DI2
z11 z12
Z parameters z
21 z22
6
V1 V2
z11 = and z 21 =
I1 I 2 =0
I1 I 2 =0
V1 V2
z12 = and z 22 =
I2 I1 =0
I2 I1 = 0
I1 I2
8 10
+ +
V1 20 20 V2
_ _
12
Example 1b
13
I1 5 I2
+ +
V1 20 15 V2
− −
Solution
16
Exercise
17
I1 I2
y11 = and y 21 =
V1 V2 =0
V1 V2 =0
I1 I2
y12 = and y 22 =
V2 V1 =0
V2 V1 =0
I I2
h 21 = 2 h2 1= short-circuit h 22 = h22 = open-circuit output
I1 forward current gain V2 I1 = 0 admittance (S)
V2 = 0
Example 4
27
29
A B
Transmission parameters C D
30
where the T terms are called the transmission parameters, or simply T or ABCD
parameters, and each parameter has different units.
ABCD Parameters
31
V1
open-circuit voltage ratio = A=
V2 I 2 =0
I1
open-circuit transfer admittance (S)= C=
V2 I 2 =0
I1
negative short-circuit current ratio = D=−
I 2 V =0
2
Example 5
32
I1 y12
I2 y22 y22 I1 y12 I 2
V1 = = − = z11 I1 + z12 I 2
y11 y12 y y
y21 y22
y11 I1
y21 I2 y11 I 2 y21 I1
V2 = = − = z 22 I1 + z 21 I 2
y11 y12 y y
y21 y22
35
Compare these two above equations:
36
y22 y12
z11 = z12 = −
y y
y21 y11
z 21 = − z 22 =
y y
Two Port Parameter Conversions
37
To go from one set of parameters to another, locate the set of parameters
you are in, move along the vertical until you are in the row that contains
the parameters you want to convert to – then compare element for element
H
z11 =
h22
38
Example 7
39
I1 I2
Zg
+ Two-port model +
Vg of a
V1 V2 ZL
network
− −
6 Characteristics of Terminated Two-port Circuit
42
V1 = z11 I1 + z12 I 2 …1
V2 = z 21 I1 + z 22 I 2 …2
V1 = Vg − I1Z g …3
V2 = − I 2 Z L …4
43
1st characteristic (input impedance)
− z21I1
I2 =
Z L + z22
…..(5)
z12 z21
Z in = z11 −
z22 + Z L
44
2nd characteristic (output current, I2)
Vg − z12 I 2
I1 =
z11 + Z g
Then using Eq(5)
− z21Vg
I2 =
( z11 + Z g )( z22 + Z L ) − z12 z21
45
3rd characteristic (Thevenin voltage @ impedance)
V1
V2 I 2 =0
= z21I1 = z21
z11
But V1=Vg-I1Zg , and then I1= Vg/(Zg+Z11)
z21
V2 = VTh = Vg
I 2 =0
Z g + z11
46
Impedance Thevenin
V2 z12 z 21
= Z Th = z 22 −
I2 Vg = 0
z11 + Z g
47
4th characteristic (current gain)
48
I2 − z21
=
I1 Z L + z22
5th characteristic (voltage gain V2/V1)
− V2
z11 I1 = V1 − z12
ZL
V1 z12V2
I1 = + …..8
z11 z11Z L
49
50
V2 z 21Z L
=
V1 z11Z L + z11 z 22 − z12 z 21
z 21Z L
=
z11Z L + z
6th characteristic (voltage gain V2/Vg)
z12V2 Vg
I1 = + ….(9)
Z L ( z11 + Z g ) z11 + Z g
We now use Eq.(9) and Eq(4) in conjunction with Eq.(2) to
derive an expression involving only V2 and Vg; that is:
V2 z21Z L
=
Vg ( z11 + Z g )( z22 + Z L ) − z12 z21
Example 6
53
V1 V2
Thomas Jefferson
54