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Glycolysis
Pyruvate
Bridging Rx.
AcetylCoA
C4 C6 NADH
Krebs FADH2
Cycle C OP
5
C4 O2
ATP
& ADP
H GLUCOSE
C=O
| C6H12O6
H - C - OH
| OH
HO - C - H O
| OH
H - C - OH OH OH
| OH
H - C - OH
| cyclic
CH2 - OH
hemiacetal
open - aldehyde
GLUCOSE
OH OH
OH
OH
O O
OH
OH OH OH
OH OH
OH
OH H
OH C
O
open
OH
OH
mutarotation
FRUCTOSE
CH2 - OH
C6H12O6
|
C=O
| OH
HO O
HO - C - H
|
OH
H - C - OH
| OH OH
H - C - OH
|
CH2 - OH
cyclic
hemiacetal
open - ketone
PATHWAYS : 4 W’s
What = Net Reaction
Why = Purpose(s) of Pathway
Where = Organism/Tissue/Organelle
When = Regulation of Pathway
GLYCOLYSIS : Net Reaction
1. Generate ATP
a. Immediate (2 “anaerobic” ATP
b. Future : more ATP from
pyruvate & NADH
2. Intermediates or Pyruvate for
anabolic synthesis reactions
Where?
All Organisms
bacteria, plants, animals
All Cell Types
liver, muscle, brain, adipose, etc....
In Cytoplasm
all “aerobic” energy production
in mitochondria
When?
Glucose Pyruvate
Glucose-6-Phosphate PEP
Fructose-6-Phosphate 2-Phosphoglycerate
Glyceraldehyde-3-P
Hexokinase
OH
O
Glucokinase
OH + ATP (-) G-6-P
OH OH
OH 1
O
||
_O - P - O
| O
ADP + O_ OH
OH OH
OH
O
|| Phosphoglucose
_O - P - O
|
isomerase
O
O_ OH
OH OH
OH 2
O
||
_O - P - O O OH
|
O_ OH
OH OH
O
||
_O - P - O O OH
| + ATP
O_ OH
OH OH Phosphofructokinase
3 (-) ATP
O
||
_O - P - O O OH
O
| ||
ADP + O_ O - P - O_
|
OH OH O_
O
||
Aldolase
_O - P - O O OH
O
| ||
O_ O - P - O_
|
OH OH O_
O 4 CHO
|| |
CH2 - O - P - O_ CH - OH O
| | ||
| + CH2 - O - P - O_
C = O O_
| |
CH2 - OH O_
Triose Phosphate Isomerase
O
||
CH2 - O - P - O_ 5 CHO
| |
|
CH - OH O
C = O O_
| ||
|
CH2 - O - P - O_
CH2 - OH
|
O_
CHO
Glyceraldehyde-3-P
| Dehydrogenase
CH - OH O
| || + Pi + NAD+
CH2 - O - P - O_
| O
O_ 6 ||
C=O- P - O_
| |
HO - CH O_ O
| ||
NADH + CH2 - O - P - O_
|
O_
O Phosphoglycerate
|| Kinase
C=O- P - O_
| | + ADP
HO - CH O_ O
| ||
CH2 - O - P - O_ 7
| COO-
O_ |
HO - CH O
| ||
CH2 - O - P - O_
ATP + |
O_
COO- Phosphoglucomutase
|
HO - CH O
| ||
CH2 - O - P - O_ 8
|
O_
COO- O
| ||
H- C - O - P - O_
| |
HO-CH2 O_
COO- O Enolase
| ||
H- C - O - P - O_
| |
HO-CH2 O_
9
COO- O
| ||
C - O - P - O_
|| |
CH2 O_
Pyruvate Kinase
COO- O (-) ATP
| ||
C = O - P - O_ + ADP
|| |
CH2 O_
10
COO-
|
C=O + ATP
|
CH3
GLYCOLYSIS : Net Reaction
+ NAD+
+ NADH, H+
GLYCOLYSIS : Net Reaction
2LACTATE
GLYCOLYSIS : Net Reaction
Anaerobic
GLUCOSE + 2ADP
11 Enzymes
2 LACTATE + 2ATP
Glucose NAD+
NADH
Pyruvate Lactate
LDH
AcetylCoA
C4 C6 NADH
Krebs FADH2
Cycle C
5
C4 O2 ATP
2ATP
Glucose 34ATP
Glycolysis
Pyruvate
Bridging Rx. NAD+
AcetylCoA
C4 C6 NADH
Krebs FADH2
Cycle C RC
5
C4 O2 ATP
GLYCOLYSIS : Side Reactions
Glucose Pyruvate
Glucose Pyruvate
(-) G-6-P (-) ATP
Glucose-6-Phosphate Glycogen PEP
Fructose-6-Phosphate 2-Phosphoglycerate
(-) ATP
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate 3-Phosphoglycerate
Glyceraldehyde-3-P