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444 730
444 730
Abstract: - The application of battery backup systems automatically leads to inverter structures with relative
low input voltage levels compared to the DC-link voltage. To guarantee the required system capability the
power electronic system has to maintain the resulting high input current ratings. This leads to a problematic
design with noticeable efficiency restrictions. To improve the overall efficiency of the inverter and to reduce
the input capacitor, a possible solution is the parallel operation of several converter stages. Here, a special
disadvantage has to be marked: The parallel operation of conventional DC-to-DC converters with voltage
source characteristics mostly used requires special control mechanism to ensure correct power distribution.
Contrary to this behavior, current sourced converter types can act in parallel without any special measurements.
The solution proposed in this paper is capable to improve the parallel operation of power stages in conventional
converters with modern current sharing techniques. Due to the reduced current in each of the paralleled output
stages, the efficiency will increase significantly. The ripple of the input current is shared between the different
stages, which helps to reduce the input capacitor in each string. In addition, the resulting frequency rises with
the number of used stages when multiphase operation is used. This leads to a more silent (EMC) design.
Another big problem, the output rectifier operating at the high DC-link voltage, can be disburdened
significantly by using the suggested current sourced inverter structure.
In this paper a bi-directional 12V / 500W current sourced inverter for solar battery applications is described.
Due to the special design, it could be build up by the usage of cheap mass components. The power stage
operates at 50kHz, supplying a 400V DC-link
I[V1]
0
9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10
1 -4
x 10
I[L2]
0
-1
9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10
V[M9],V[M10]
40 -4
x 10
20
0
9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10
500 -4
x 10
V[Tr]
0
-500
9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10
20 -4
x 10
V[G]
0
-20
Fig. 8 UP-link operation at full load condition 9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10
time [s] -4
x 10
CEO
A[7:0]
EQ
FDRS
OBUF
PH_A
source behavior the proposed converter type is
optimal suited in power sharing environments where
CLK
CLKI C TC
S
IBUF
CLR
B[7:0] D Q
RST
IBUF
D(7:0)
IBUF8
D[7:0]
FD8
Q[7:0]
D[7:0]
FD8
Q[7:0]
COMP8
A[7:0]
CLK C
LD_T1
IBUF
C C
A[7:0]
EQ
FDRS
OBUF
PH_B
B[7:0] D Q
D[7:0] D[7:0]
Q[7:0] Q[7:0]
LD_T2
IBUF
C C
COMP8
A[7:0]
CLK C
R
advantages in cooling and leads to a satisfactory
power density. The implemented “automatic”
FD8 FD8 EQ
D[7:0] D[7:0]
Q[7:0] Q[7:0]
B[7:0]
LD_T3
IBUF
C C
charging feasibility helps to simplify the system
Fig. 12 PWM timing controller design. So even when the battery is empty and no
control of the primary is possible the system can
The pattern generator is designed to individually start. In this case, the body diodes of the power
program the on- and off-timing of each of the two- switches will help to bring up the primary power
phase legs of the converter. The timing relates to a supply automatically. When power is available on
common eight-bit timer (CB8CE). The pattern primary side, synchronous rectification can be used
update is double buffered and synchronized to the to improve the conversion efficiency.
master timing frame to ensure glitch-free update.
References:
6 Measurement Results [1] P.J. Wolfs, A current-sourced DC-DC converter
The proposed converter given in Fig. 11 was derived via the duality principle from the half-bridge
analyzed with regard to his practical operation in a converter, IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics, Volume 40, Issue 1, Feb. 1993, pp.: 139-
battery supported solar power inverter. 144.
100 [2] V.J. Thottuvelil, G.C. Verghese, Analysis and control
design of paralleled DC/DC converters with current
up-link efficiency [%]
90
sharing, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,
80 Volume: 13 Issue: 4 , July 1998, pp.: 635-644.
70
[3] G. Ivensky, I. Elkin, S. Ben-Yaakov, An isolated DC-
DC converter using two zero current switched IGBTs
60
0 100 200 300 400 500 in a symmetrical topology, Record. of the , 25th
Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists
100 Conference, PESC '94, Vol. 2, pp. 1218-1225.
down-link efficiency [%]