Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi – 590 018.

A Mini Project Report

on

“MINI JET ENGINE PROTOTYPE”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for

Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering

Submitted By

Mohammed Shakeel [1CK18ME020]

Bharat Gowda N B [1CK18ME007]
Akshay v [1CK18ME002]
Pavan A M [1CK18ME027]

Under the guidance of

Mr. GOWTHAM .MJ B.E,M. Tech.,
Assistant professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
CBIT ,Kolar..

Department of Mechanical Engineering

C. BYREGOWDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Thoradevanadahalli Post, Kolar -Srinivasapura Road, Kolar - 563101
2020-
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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

(Srinivaspur Road, Kolar-
563101)

CERTIFICATE

This is Certified that the mini project work entitled “MINI JET ENGINE
PROTOTYPE” is a bonafide work carried out by Mohammed Shakeel bearing the
university seat number 1CK18ME020 , Bharat Gowda N B bearing the university seat
number 1CK18ME007 , Akshaya v bearing the university seat number 1CK18ME002 ,
Pavan A M bearing the university seat number 1CK18ME027 in partial fulfillment for
the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2020-21. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal assessment have been incorporated in the
mini project report. The mini project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of mini project work prescribed for the VI Semester Bachelor of
Engineering Degree.

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD

Name of Examiners Signature of Examiners

1.___________________ 1.___________________
2.___________________ 2.___________________
3.___________________ 3.___________________
4.___________________ 4.___________________

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Acknowledgement i
2. Table of content ii

CHAPTERS
CHAPTER NO. CHAPTER NAME

1 Synopsis

2 Introduction

3 Materials used

4 Constrution and working

5 Advantages and Limitations

6 Conclusion

7 References

CHAPTER 1

SYNOPSIS

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This deals with researching ,designing and building jet-engines. A simple turbo-jet
engine was designed and construction was begun. The design was made by studying the
work done by industry and researches over the course of the history of jet engines.
The methods were then discussed and chosen in a way that would simplify the
design work as well as the construction of the engine .The goal was to create a self-
sustaining combustion within the engine.
Before describing the construction of the mini-jet engine ,some basic principles
should be understood. A minijet engine can be broken into four main parts ,which are a
compressor ,a combustion chamber, a turbine and a nozzle .
Since the compressor would have been the most difficult part to machine the
decision was made early on to use the compressor from turbocharger out of an automotive
engine.
The compressor increases the pressure and temperature of air before entering the
combustion chamber.
The high pressure and high temperature air then entered the combustion chamber
where it is mixed with the fuel and ignited ,in a constant pressure process.
The combustion gases afterward flow through a turbine which connected to a
compressor by a common shaft. The remaining gases ,flows through the nozzle where it is
accelerated to produce thrust. These processes of compression ,combustion ,extraction and
exhaustion are continuous and self-sustaining.

CHAPTER 2

INTRODUCTION

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Jet engines see wide use in many applications ,aviation and energy production among
many others .The design and construction of a jet engine requires a great deal knowledge
from many different fields .From thermodynamic and fluid mechanics to mechanical
engineering .

In order to build a modern jet engine ,you need a lot of experienced people from all these
certain fields. A Modern jet engine is truly a miracle of engineering .With everything
from fine tolerance in space to resilience to high temperatures and stresses .

The jet engine has gone through a revolution over the years ,with great improvements in
performance ,efficiency ,reliability .The mini jet engine is a machine that, according to
the thermodynamic Brayton cycle.

Various types of gas turbines are designed to perform a range of tasks but all operate on
similar principles .Air enters the engine ,is compressed ,mixed with fuel ,combusted
and then expanded through a rotating turbine.

The goal of the project is to call on the literature available regarding small gas turbines
in order to design and manufacture an engine that is self-sustaining.

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The heat in the combustion chamber causes the air to expand before it exits through a
nozzle and drives the turbine .The turbine drives the compressor by means of drive
shaft.

Forcing the large amount of air taken into the engine and through it out exhaust duct at
a much higher velocity ,creates thrust .It is a type of reaction engine also.

Basically there are four types in jet engine; turbo-jet, turbo-fan ,turbo-prop ,turbo-
shaft ,ram-jet engine .Every type jet engines have same principles . And they work
according to similar concepts as the internal combustion engine; suck , squeeze ,bang
and blow .In this project we have used Turbo-fan type.

The use jet engines which gives cleaner combustion ,having less number moving parts
and having lower body weight thereby of greater payload capacity is visualized to
replace the conventional engines in the future in applications of hybrid cars.

Scope
The scope of this project is based on the following:
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• To design a Mini Jet Engine.

• To Fabricate the Mini Jet Engine.
• To use LPG as fuel.
• To test run the turbine jet engine

CHAPTER 3

MATERIAL USED

1. Compressor.
2. Shaft assembly.
3. Combustion chamber.
4. DC Motor.
5. DC Motor Speed Controller.
6. Nozzle

1. Compressor:

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Compressor is the stage of the engine which creates high enough pressure to achieve
combustion. Axial and centrifugal are the two types of compressors commonly used in
turbojet engines .The basic principle of all compressors is the same it converts the kinetic
energy into pressure energy .This action converts the speed of the gas into pressure.

2. Shaft Assembly:

The high-pressure compressor, passing through the hot combustor, then is turned by the shaft.
The shaft a jet engine connects the fan section ,compressor and turbines together ,
Transferring energy from the back of the engine to drive the front. Shaft act as the Backbone
of the engine .A shaft experiences different forces and temperatures along its length as it runs
from the low pressure fan section ,driving e high temperatures turbines.

3. Combustion chamber:
The chosen combustion chamber was of annular type . The type annular is of a more solid
and simple in construction and have possibility to give more efficient combustion. A

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disadvantage of the annular combustion chamber is that replacement an engine

disassembly ,which is expensive and time consuming. The combustion chamber in jet engines
are called as combustor. The combustor is fed with high pressure air by the compression
system, adds fuel and burns the mix feeds the hot ,high pressure exhaust into rbine
components of the engine or out the exhaust nozzle. Basically there are three types of
combustors namely: Can, Cannular and Annular type.

4. DC MOTOR:
A brushed DC electric motor is an internally designed to be run from direct current Power
source .In this project we have used 12V DC motor which is connected to the shaft assembly
to drive the compressor.

5.DC MOTOR Speed controller:

The speed controller compares the speed reference value with the speed of the turbine and
accordingly provides an output for the thrust .It is basically used for varying the speed of the

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12v DC MOTOR .The speed control system ensures the Highest permissible rate of speed
and safe operation.

8. Nozzle :
A propelling nozzle is a nozzle that converts the internal energy of a working gas into
Propulsive force; it is the nozzle ,which forms a jet that separates a gas turbine ,being
generator from a jet engine.

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CHAPTER 4

CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

Construction:
• The compressor and the turbine are connected to the shaft and rotates with it , the
compressor plate is made of sheet metal in this project .Also the compressor is used in
this project is of centrifugal type ,with backward facing vanes .The shaft is supported
on casing which fit neatly into the shaft tunnel. The tunnels attached to the diffuser at
the inlet and to the nozzle at the exit end. The diffuser is in turn attached to the
housing.The piping system is connected from exit of the nozzle to lighter ,to pass the
gases through the pipes and accomplish the combustion processes.Terminals of the DC
MOTOR is soldered to the speed control circuit board, which in turn is connected to the
switch and the battery.

Working:
• To understand the working of the jet engine model one has to know the principle of
working of the gas turbine .The jet engine works by the principle of Brayton’s cycle

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.The air from atmosphere is taken and compressed and then sent to the combustion
chamber .The large amount of energy is released which is used to run the turbine .In
this cycle the heat addition is at a constant pressure .This represents the gas turbine or
internal combustion Turbine in its simplest form.

CHAPTER 5

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

Advantages:

Power to the weight ratio of a jet engine is about four times that of the propeller system.
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It is simple, easy to maintain and requires lower lubricating oil consumptions.

There is no limit to power output.

LPG as a fuel clean ,high octane ,easy available and eco-friendly.

Fuel can be easily stored and utilized.

Limitations:

The limitations of this project are as follows:

The availability of material.

The availability of components cost limitations.

Time limitations.

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION
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Conclusion
Over the course of the project we successfully designed and fabricated all components Of our
jet engine. Considering these factors , it becomes evident that our project was quite
Ambitious. However, through our struggles ,we gained first-hand knowledge of gas turbines
and the challenges faced during their design and fabricating.
Each component that comes in to making a jet engine could in its own basis for many
projects of this kind ,and trying to do it all at the same time in a project of this size was
perhaps a bit too ambitious ae we learn during the course of our work.
When attempting to design this kind of engine one needs to have a good knowledge of each
materials ,how each components works and how it interacts with others.
The literature of the subject is often dense and not always easy to navigate.
Still ,we have learned a lot about theory ,the design process and about working with metal to
create something of our own.

REFERENCES:

[1] Spittle, Peter . Gas turbine technology. Roll-Royce plc ,Coventry ,2003.

[2] Roll Royce.. The Jet Engine , Renault Printing Co Ltd , Birmingham 1986.

[3] Boyce , Gas Turbine Engineering .Butterworth-Heinemann ,Waltham ,fourth edition ,

2012.

[4] Weston , Keneth C.. Energy Conversion. PWS publishers ,1992.

[5] Glenn Research Center(US). General Thrust Equation [internet] .

[6] Sforza , Pasquale M.. Theory of Aerospace Propulsion. Butterworth-Heinemann

,Waltham ,2012.

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[7] Cengel , Yunus A. and Boles , Micheal A.. Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach.
MacGraw-Hill, New York,
Eight edition in SI units ,2015.

[8] Kiameh , Philip.. Power Generation Handbook. McGraw-Hill , New York ,2002.

THANK
YOU

Dept.. of Mechanical Engineering CBIT ,Kolar