'Dvdvornl RI 6Ul6Dqndud%Kdjdydwsdgd, Qwurgxfwlrq

'DVDVORNL
RI
6UL6DQNDUD%KDJDYDWSDGD
(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQE\616DVWUL
,QWURGXFWLRQ
,W LV VDLG WKDW WKH 'DVDVORNL ZDV FRPSRVHG E\ 6UL 6DQNDUD
VSRQWDQHRXVO\ ZKHQ 6UL *RYLQGDSDGD ZKRP KH DSSURDFKHG ZLWK D
UHTXHVW WR EH DFFHSWHG DV D GLVFLSOH DVNHG KLP ZKR KH ZDV 7KH WHQ
VORNDV ZKLFK KDYH EHFRPH IDPRXV DV ·'DVDVORNL· ZHUH 6UL 6DQNDUD·V
DQVZHUWRWKLVTXHVWLRQ7KHJLVWRIWKHVHVORNDVLVWKDWKHLVWKHSXUH
$WPDGHYRLGRIWKHOLPLWLQJDGMXQFWVLQWKHIRUPRIWKHERG\PLQGDQG
RUJDQV
MQ§ RMÂJ¸SMJ¸F¸MVS¤
MÂ;M¸¡M4¿SVMJ¸XYR§8Î]
"M¹.Ï¡MJ.ÏJVJY¤X¤NJS¸.Ï Y
YJ4¸.Ï¸V W WV.¸ÏVT¸8ÎRº]]
, DP QRW WKH HOHPHQW HDUWK QRU ZDWHU QRU ILUH QRU DLU QRU HWKHU
QRU DQ\ RI WKH RUJDQV LQGLYLGXDOO\ QRU DOO WKH HOHPHQWV RU RUJDQV
WRJHWKHU DV D ZKROH %HFDXVH RI YDULDELOLW\ RI WKH OLPLWLQJ DGMXQFWV LQ
WKH VWDWHV RI ZDNLQJ DQG GUHDP WKH VHOI H[LVWV E\ LWVHOI RQO\ LQ GHHS
VOHHS ZLWKRXW WKH OLPLWLQJ DGMXQFWV LQ WKH IRUP RI WKH VHQVHV PLQG
HWF , DP WKDW PRVW DXVSLFLRXV DWWULEXWHOHVV QRQGXDO HQWLW\ ZKR
DORQHUHPDLQVZKHQDOOGXDOLW\LVQHJDWHG
1RWH,QWKLVYHUVHWKHYLHZRIWKH&KDUYDNDVPDWHULDOLVWVWKDWWKHUHLV
QR VHOI RU $WPD GLIIHUHQW IURP WKH ERG\ LV UHMHFWHG 7KH &KDUYDND
V\VWHPGRHVQRWDFFHSWWKHH[LVWHQFHRIDVRXOGLIIHUHQWIURPWKHERG\
7KHUH DUH YDULRXV VXEGLYLVLRQV LQ WKH &KDUYDND VFKRRO LWVHOI 2QH
VFKRRO KROGV WKDW WKH SK\VLFDO ERG\ LWVHOI LV WKH VHOI DQRWKHU WKDW WKH
VHQVHRUJDQVDUHWKHVHOI\HWDQRWKHUWKDWWKHPLQGLVWKHVHOI$OOWKHVH
DUHUHMHFWHGE\$GYDLWD$FFRUGLQJWR$GYDLWDWKHLQGLYLGXDOVHOIZKLFK
LV LGHQWLFDO ZLWK %UDKPDQ LV GHYRLG RI DOO TXDOLWLHV DQG LV QHLWKHU D
GRHU QRU DQ H[SHULHQFHU ,Q WKH ZDNLQJ VWDWH WKH PLQG VHQVH DQG
SK\VLFDO ERG\ IXQFWLRQ ZLWK WKH FRQVFLRXVQHVV GHULYHG IURP WKH $WPD
,Q WKH GUHDP VWDWH WKH SK\VLFDO ERG\ DQG VHQVHV GR QRW IXQFWLRQ EXW
WKHPLQGIXQFWLRQVDQGFUHDWHVYDULRXVREMHFWV,QWKHGHHSVOHHSVWDWH
WKHPLQGWRRLVGRUPDQWDQGWKH$WPDDORQHLVWKHUH,QWKLVVWDWHDOVR
WKHUHLVH[SHULHQFHRIKDSSLQHVVDQGWRWDOLJQRUDQFHRIHYHU\WKLQJDVLV
SURYHG E\ WKH IDFW WKDW ZKHQ D SHUVRQ ZDNHV XS IURP VOHHS KH RU VKH
VD\V ´, VOHSW KDSSLO\ , GLG QRW NQRZ DQ\WKLQJµ 7KLV SURYHV WKDW WKH
$WPDZKLFKLVSXUHFRQVFLRXVQHVVH[LVWVLQWKHGHHSVOHHSVWDWHDOVR
,QWKLVVWDWHWKHUHLVQRWKLQJEXWWKH$WPD7KHZRUOGRIGXDOLW\LVRQO\
D VXSHULPSRVLWLRQ RQ %UDKPDQ GXH WR DYLG\D :KHQ VHOINQRZOHGJH
DULVHV WKLV DYLG\D LV GHVWUR\HG DQG WKH VHOI DORQH UHPDLQV ZKLFK FDQ
QHYHU EH QHJDWHG 7KLV VHOI LV SXUH FRQVFLRXVQHVV DWWULEXWHOHVV DQG
DXVSLFLRXV
MVIÂMVIÂRD6LRÂ
MR¸L6ILSMS¸B4S¸N]
"MJRS8ÎRRLSY8ÎMJº
J4¸.Ï¸V W WV.¸ÏVT¸8ÎRº]]
1HLWKHU WKH GLYLVLRQ LQWR FDVWHV DQG VWDJHV RI OLIH QRU WKH UXOHV RI
FRQGXFWDQGGXWLHVRIWKHYDULRXVFDVWHVDQGVWDJHVRIOLIHDSSO\WRPH
,KDYHQRQHHGIRUGKDUDQDGK\DQDRU\RJDHWF6LQFHWKHQRWLRQVRI¶,·
DQG¶PLQH·ZKLFKDUHGXHWRLGHQWLILFDWLRQZLWKWKHQRWVHOIERG\PLQG
DQGRUJDQVKDYHJRQH,UHPDLQDVWKHRQHDXVSLFLRXVVHOIIUHHIURPDOO
DWWULEXWHVµ
MRJNJVM4¸VMT¸.Ï
MV¸4MSyMJ¢KÂP¾¤V¡MJ]
Y¤X¤NJ¹M6YJJW§MSJR.ÏJVJº
7KH VUXWLV VD\ WKDW LQ GHHS VOHHS WKHUH LV QR PRWKHU QRU IDWKHU QRU
JRGVQRUWKHZRUOGVQRUWKH9HGDVQRUVDFULILFHVQRUKRO\SODFHV1RU
LVWKHUHWRWDOYRLGVLQFH,H[LVWWKHQDVWKHRQHDXVSLFLRXVVHOIIUHHIURP
DOODWWULEXWHVµ
6LQFH WKH QRWLRQV RI FDVWH VWDJH RI OLIH HWF DUH EDVHG RQO\ RQ IDOVH
NQRZOHGJH ZKLFK UHVXOWV LQ LGHQWLILFDWLRQ ZLWK WKH ERG\ HWF LW LV
SRLQWHG RXW WKDW ZKHQ WKDW IDOVH NQRZOHGJH LV QRW WKHUH VXFK QRWLRQV
DOVRGRQRWH[LVWDVLQWKHVWDWHRIGHHSVOHHS
7KLVVORNDLVEDVHGRQWKH%ULKDGDUDQ\DNDXSDQLVKDGZKLFKVD\VWKDW
LQ WKH VWDWH RI GHHS VOHHS WKH IDWKHU FHDVH WR EH D IDWKHU WKH PRWKHU
FHDVHVWREHDPRWKHUDWKLHILVQRWKLHIHWF
MY;SMW¹VMJJNHD6{
MF¹MMR¢RY.Ï4¸RÂJV]
V WM¤Q§JSVW¤JR.ÏJVJº
1HLWKHUWKH6DQNK\DYLHZQRUWKH6DLYDQRUWKH3DQFKDUDWUDQRUWKH
-DLQD QRU WKH 0LPDPVDND YLHZ HWF LV WHQDEOH %HFDXVH RI WKH
UHDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH SDUWOHVV %UDKPDQ JHQHUDWHG E\ WKH 0DKDYDN\D
%UDKPDQ LV DEVROXWHO\ SXUH XQWDLQWHG , UHPDLQ DV WKH RQH DXVSLFLRXV
VHOIIUHHIURPDOODWWULEXWHV
MD¸LVÂMDL¸MDMJMÂP
MRLSMJSÂ9»MN§VÂN64.º]
VS4»VSN.ÏJV4;I2¹Î.ÏN
%UDKPDQKDVQRVXFKWKLQJDVXSSHURUORZHUSDUWLWKDVQRLQVLGH
RU RXWVLGH LW KDV QR PLGGOH RU DQ\ ¶DFURVV· DQG LW KDV QR HDVWHUQ RU
ZHVWHUQ GLUHFWLRQ EHFDXVH LW LV DOOSHUYDGLQJ OLNH VSDFH RU SHUYDGHV
VSDFH DOVR ,W LV RQH DQG ZLWKRXW SDUWV , UHPDLQ DV WKH RQH DXVSLFLRXV
VHOIIUHHIURPDOODWWULEXWHV
MW¤:TM.ªÏXIM6wÏMN¢J
M.¤ÏPFMN¢MMÎYVM4¢CÂRº]
"NJKFS¸J6.Ï6.ÏJVJº
%UDKPDQ LV QRW ZKLWH QRU EODFN QRU UHG QRU \HOORZ LW LV QRW WLQ\
QRU ELJ ,W LV QHLWKHU VKRUW QRU ORQJ ,W LV QRW NQRZDEOH VLQFH LW LV RI WKH
QDWXUH RI HIIXOJHQFH , UHPDLQ DV WKH RQH DXVSLFLRXV VHOI IUHH IURP DOO
DWWULEXWHVµ
MWYJMWY{M WXS¸M Wx
MDJVMD8ÎMVSN¾NHD]
YVNVP¸L¸V.ÏTNY8ÎXI¤
7KHUH LV QHLWKHU WHDFKHU QRU VFULSWXUHV QHLWKHU VWXGHQW QRU
LQVWUXFWLRQQHLWKHU\RXQRU,QRUWKLVZRUOG7KHNQRZOHGJHRIRQH·VUHDO
QDWXUH GRHV QRW DGPLW RI GLIIHUHQW SHUFHSWLRQV , UHPDLQ DV WKH RQH
DXVSLFLRXVVHOIIUHHIURPDOODWWULEXWHVµ
MFB¾R¸YVNM.Ï¸VY¤X¤¡NJ
MV¸MVJ¹FYN¾y.Ï¸V]
"VJR.ÏJVJ{SIJ¤6¢S
,GRQRWKDYHWKHVWDWHRIZDNLQJQRURIGUHDPQRURIGHHSVOHHS,
DPQRW9LVYDRU7DLMDVDRU3UDDMQD%HFDXVHDOOWKHVHWKUHHVWDWHVDUH
RQO\ WKH SURGXFWV RI LJQRUDQFH , DP WKH IRXUWK EH\RQG WKHVH WKUHH
VWDWHV,UHPDLQDVWKHRQHDXVSLFLRXVVHOIIUHHIURPDOODWWULEXWHVµ
1RWH9LVYDLVWKHQDPHJLYHQWRWKHMLYDLQWKHZDNLQJVWDWH7DLMDVDLQ
WKHGUHDPVWDWHDQG3UDDMQDLQWKHGHHSVOHHSVWDWH
"NVSN.ÏJVJJVN¾S¸BJº
YVJ YQV4MMSSJVJº]
FB|¤D/ÎR¸JJYRYJJ4MSJº
7KH $WPD LV DOOSHUYDGLQJ LV WKH GHVLUHG JRDO LV VHOIH[LVWHQW DQG
LV QRW GHSHQGHQW RQ DQ\ WKLQJ HOVH ZKLOH WKH HQWLUH XQLYHUVH ZKLFK LV
GLIIHUHQWIURPLWLVXQUHDO,UHPDLQDVWKHRQHDXVSLFLRXVVHOIIUHHIURP
DOODWWULEXWHV
MD¹.ÏJ4MS4»J¢S.¤ÏJYSJº
MV.¸ÏVTJVMD.¸ÏVTJVRº]
M[§MSMD[§MSR¹J.ÏJVJº
.ÏKYVÂV¸4MJ YP¾V¢ R]]
,WLVQRWRQHKRZFDQWKHUHEHDVHFRQGGLIIHUHQWIURPLW",WKDV
QHLWKHU DEVROXWHQHVV QRU QRQDEVROXWHQHVV ,W LV QHLWKHU YRLG QRU QRQ
YRLG VLQFH LW LV GHYRLG RI GXDOLW\ +RZ FDQ , GHVFULEH WKDW ZKLFK LV WKH
HVVHQFHRIWKHHQWLUH9HGDQWDµ

'Dvdvornl RI 6Ul6Dqndud%Kdjdydwsdgd, Qwurgxfwlrq

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

'Dvdvornl RI 6Ul6Dqndud%Kdjdydwsdgd, Qwurgxfwlrq

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

'DVDVORNL

You might also like