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The six trigonometric functions: opp y hyp r 1 = = = sin = csc = hyp r opp y sin Sum and product formulas: sin a cos b = 1 [sin (a + b ) + sin (a b )] 2
cos a sin b
cos =
= 1 [sin (a + b ) sin (a b )] 2
1 [cos (a 2 1 [cos (a 2
sec =
+ b ) + cos (a b )] b ) cos (a + b )]
cot =
sin a + sin b = 2 sin( a + b ) cos( a b ) 2 2 sin a sin b = 2 cos( a + b ) sin( a b ) 2 2 cos a + cos b = 2 cos( a + b ) cos( a b ) 2 2
Sum or difference of two angles: sin (a b ) = sin a cos b cos a sin b cos(a b ) = cos a cos b m sin a sin b tan a tan b tan( a b) = 1 m tan a tan b Double angle formulas:
sin 2 = 2 sin cos cos 2 = 1 2 sin 2
Half angle formulas: 1 1 cos2 = (1 + cos 2) sin 2 = (1 cos 2 ) 2 2 1 cos 1 + cos sin = cos = 2 2 2 2 1 cos sin 1 cos tan = = = 2 1 + cos 1 + cos sin
cos( ) = cos
sin() = sin( )
tan( ) = tan
cos() = cos( )
tan() = tan( )
m sin x = cos( x )
2
cos x = sin( x ) 2
e j = cos j sin sin = j12 ( e j e j )
Complex Numbers:
cos = 1 ( e j + e j ) 2
Degrees
0 30 45 60 90 120 135 150 180 210 225 240 270 300 315 330 360
Radians
0 /6 /4 /3 /2 2/3 3/4 5/6 7/6 5/4 4/3 3/2 5/3 7/4 11/6 2
sin
0 1/2
cos
1
tan
0 3/3 1
3
cot
Undefined 3 1
3/3 0
sec
1 2 3/3 2 2 Undefined -2 - 2 -2 3 / 3 -1 -2 3 / 3 - 2 -2 Undefined 2
2
csc
Undefined 2 2 2 3/3 1 2 3/3 2 2 Undefined -2 - 2 -2 3 / 3 -1 -2 3 / 3 - 2 -2 Undefined
2 /2 3/2
1
3/2 2 /2
1/2 0 -1/2 - 2 /2 - 3/2 -1 - 3/2 - 2 /2 -1/2 0 1/2
3/2 2 /2
1/2 0 -1/2 - 2 /2 - 3/2 -1 - 3/2 - 2 /2 -1/2 0
- 3/3 -1 - 3 Undefined
3
1
3/3
3
Undefined - 3 -1 - 3/3 0
0 - 3 -1 - 3 Undefined
2 /2 3/2
1
2 3/3 1
Tom Penick
tomzap@eden.com
www.teicontrols.com/notes
2/20/2000
sinh y =
1 y e e y 2 1 cosh y = e y + e y 2
) )
Tom Penick
tomzap@eden.com
www.teicontrols.com/notes
2/20/2000