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Multiple and Sub Multiple Angles

If A is an angle, then 2A, 3A, 4A, ….. etc. are called multiple angles of A and A/2, A/3,
….. etc. are called sub-multiple angles of A.
Formulae :
2tan A
i) Sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A = .
1 + tan 2 A
A A 2tan A/2
ii) sin A = 2sin cos = .
2 2 1 + tan 2 A/2
iii) cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A = 2 cos2 A – 1
1 − tan 2 A
= 1 – 2sin2 A =
1 + tan 2 A
A A A
iv) cos A = cos2 – sin2 = 2cos2 –1
2 2 2
A 1 − tan 2 A
= 1 – 2 sin2 =
2 1 + tan 2 A
2 tan A
v) tan 2A =
1 − tan 2 A
2 tan A/2
vi) tan A = = cosec 2A – cot 2A
1 − tan 2 A/2
cot 2 A − 1
vii) cot 2A =
2cot A
cot 2 (A/2) − 1
viii) cot A = = cosec 2A + cot 2A
2cot A/2
π A 1 + tan A/2
ix) tan( + )=
4 2 1 − tan A/2
cos A/2 + sin A/2 1 + sin A cos A
= = =
cos A/2 − sin A/2 cos A 1 − sin A
π A
= sec A + tan A = cot( – ).
4 2
π A 1 − tan A/2
x) tan( – )=
4 2 1 + tan A/2
cos A/2 − sin A/2 1 − sin A 1− sin A
= = =
cos A/2 + sin A/2 1 + sin A cos A
π A
= sec A – tan A = cot( + )
4 2

II. i) sin 3A = 3 sin A – 4 sin3 A

ii) cos 3A = 4 cos3 A – 3 cos A
3tan A − tan 3 A
iii) tan 3A =
1 − 3tan 2 A
1
iv) sin3 A = [3sin A – sin 3A]
4
1
v) cos3 A = [cos 3A + 3cos A]
4
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1− cos 2A 1 − cos 2A
III. sin2A = ; sin A = ±
2 2
1 + cos 2A 1 + cos 2A
cos2 A = ; cos A = ±
2 2
1 − cos 2A 1 − cos 2A
tan2 A = ; tan A = ±
1 + cos 2A 1 + cos 2A
A 1 − cos A A 1 − cos A
sin2 = ; sin =±
2 2 2 2
A 1 + cos A A 1 + cos A
cos2 = ; cos =±
2 2 2 2
A 1 − cos A A 1 − cos A
tan2 = ; tan =±
2 1 + cos A 2 1 + cos A

A A
IV. If S = sin and C = cos then
2 2
3π /4 Y π /4
S+C>0
A/2 S – C > 0

S+C<0 S+C>0
S–C>0 S–C<0
A/2
X1 A/2 X

S+C<0 A/2
S–C<0
5π /4
1 –π /4 (7π/4)
Y

V) S + C = ± 1+ sin A
ii) S – C = ± 1− sin A
A
iii) 2sin = ± 1+ sin A ± 1− sin A
2
A
iv) 2cos = ± 1+ sin A ± 1− sin A
2
v) a) S + C > 0, S – C > 0 if
π A 3π
< <
4 2 4
b) S + C < 0, S – C > 0 if
3π A 5π
< <
4 2 4
c) S + C < 0, S – C < 0 if
5π A 7π
< <
4 2 4
d) S + C > 0, S – C < 0 if
−π A π
< <
4 2 4

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VI.
18o 36o 54o 72o
5 −1 10 − 2 5 5 +1 10 + 2 5
Sin
4 4 4 4

5 +1 5 −1
Cos 10 + 2 5 10 − 2 5
4 4 4 4

VSAQ’S
sin 2θ
1. Simplify
1 + cos 2θ
sin 2θ 2sin θ cos θ
Sol. =
1 + cos 2θ 1 + 2 cos 2 θ − 1
2sin θ cos θ sin θ
= = = tan θ
2 cos 2 θ cos θ

2. Evaluate sin 2 42° − sin 2 12° .

Sol. sin(42° + 12°) sin(42° − 12°)
= sin 54° sin 30°
5 +1 1 5 +1
= ⋅ =
4 2 8

1 − cos θ + sin θ θ
3. Express in terms of tan .
1 + cos θ + sin θ 2
1 − cos θ + sin θ 1 + sin θ − cos θ
Sol. =
1 + cos θ + sin θ 1 + sin θ + cos θ
θ θ ⎛ θ⎞
1 + 2sin cos − ⎜ 1 − 2sin 2 ⎟
2 2 ⎝ 2⎠
=
θ θ θ
1 + 2sin cos + 2 cos 2 − 1
2 2 2
θ θ θ
1 + 2sin cos + 2sin 2 − 1
= 2 2 2
θ θ 2 θ
2sin cos + 2 cos
2 2 2
θ θ θ
2sin cos + 2sin 2
= 2 2 2
θ θ θ
2sin cos + 2 cos 2
2 2 2
θ⎛ θ θ⎞
2sin ⎜ cos + sin ⎟
2⎝ 2 2⎠ θ
= = tan
θ⎛ θ θ⎞ 2
2 cos ⎜ sin + cos ⎟
2⎝ 2 2⎠

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7 3π A
4. If cos A = and < A < 2π , then find the value of cot .
25 2 2
7 3π
Sol. cos A = , where < A < 2π
25 2

24 25

A
7
24 24 7
sin A = − , tan A = − , cos A =
25 7 25
24
−
A sin A
cot = = 25
2 1 − cos A 1 − 7
25
−24 25 −24 −4 16
= × = × =
25 18 18 3 9
π θ
5. If 0 < θ < , show that 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos 4θ = 2 cos .
8 2
Sol. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos 4θ
1 + cos 4θ = 2 cos 2 2θ
2(1 + cos 4θ) = 4 cos 2 2θ
2(1 + cos 4θ) = 2 cos 2θ
2 + 2(1 + cos 4θ) = 2 + 2 cos 2θ
= 2(1 + cos 2θ) = 2(2 cos 2 θ) = 4 cos 2 θ
2 + 2(1 + cos 4θ) = cos 2 θ = 2 cos θ

2 + 2 + 2(1 + cos 4θ) = 2 + 2 cos θ

⎛ θ⎞ θ
= 2(1 + cos θ) = 2 ⎜ 2 cos 2 ⎟ = 4 cos 2
⎝ 2⎠ 2

cos 3A + sin 3A
6. Prove that = 1 + 2sin 2A .
cos A − sin A
cos 3A + sin 3A
Sol. L.H.S. =
cos A − sin A

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4 cos3 A − 3cos A + 3sin A − 4sin 3 A
=
cos A − sin A
4(cos3 A − sin 3 A) − 3(cos A − sin A)
=
cos A − sin A
4[(cos A − sin A)(cos 2 A + cos A sin A
+ sin 2 A)] − 3(cos A − sin A)
=
cos A − sin A
(cos A − sin A)[(4 + 4sin A cos A) − 3]
=
(cos A − sin A)
= 1 + 4sin A cos A
= 1 + 2sin 2A = R.H.S.
⎛π ⎞ cos 2θ
7. Prove that cot ⎜ − θ ⎟ = and hence find the value of cot 15°.
⎝4 ⎠ 1 − sin 2θ
cos 2θ
Sol. R.H.S. =
1 − sin 2θ
cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ
=
cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ − 2sin θ cos θ
(cos θ + sin θ)(cos θ − sin θ)
=
(cos θ − sin θ) 2
cos θ + sin θ
=
cos θ − sin θ
⎡ cos θ ⎤
sin θ ⎢ +1
⎣ sin θ ⎥⎦
=
⎡ cos θ ⎤
sin θ ⎢ −1
⎣ sin θ ⎥⎦
cot θ + 1
=
cot θ − 1
π
cot θ ⋅ cot + 1
= 4
π
cot θ − cot
4
⎛π ⎞
= cot ⎜ − θ ⎟ = L.H.S.
⎝4 ⎠
cos 60°
Put θ = 30° ⇒ cot 15° =
1 − sin 60°
1
2 1 2+ 3
= = ⋅
3 2− 3 2+ 3
1−
2
2+ 3
= = 2+ 3
4−3

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1 1 4
8. Prove that + = .
cos 290° 3 sin 250° 3
SOL
cos 290° = cos(270° + 20°) = sin 20°
.
sin 250° = sin(270° − 20°) = cos 20°
1 1 3 cos 20° − sin 20°
L.H.S. = − =
sin 20° 3 cos 20° 3 sin 20° cos 20°
⎛ 3 1 ⎞
2⎜ cos 20° − sin 20° ⎟
= ⎝
2 2 ⎠ = 4 ⎡ sin 60° cos 20° − cos 60° sin 20° ⎤
3 3 ⎢⎣ sin 40° ⎥⎦
(2sin 20° cos 20°)
2
4 sin(60° − 20°) 4
= = = R.H.S.
3 sin 40° 3

sin 2x sec 2x ⎛x⎞

9. Prove that ⋅ = tan ⎜ ⎟ .
(sec x + 1) (sec 2x + 1) ⎝2⎠
sin 2x sec 2x
Sol. L.H.S. = ⋅
(sec x + 1) (sec 2x + 1)
1
sin 2x
= × cos 2x
1 1
+1 +1
cos x cos x
sin 2x 1 cos 2x
= × ×
1 + cos x cos 2x 1 + cos 2x
cos x
sin 2x ⋅ cos x 1
= ⋅
1 + cos x 1 + cos 2x
2sin x cos 2 x 1
= =
1 + cos x 2 cos 2 x
x x
2sin cos
sin x 2 2
= =
1 + cos x 1 + 2 cos 2 − 1
x
2
x x x
2sin cos sin
= 2 2 = 2 = tan x = R.H.S.
x x 2
2 cos 2 cos
2 2

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3 5
10. If cos α = and cos β = α , β are acute angles then
5 13
⎛ α − β ⎞ 1 ⎛ α + β ⎞ 16
Prove that (i) sin 2 ⎜ ⎟= (ii) cos 2 ⎜ ⎟=
⎝ 2 ⎠ 65 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 65
Solution:
3 5
cos α = cos β =
5 13
3 5
sin α = sin β =
5 13
3 5 4 12 63
cos (α − β ) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β = × + × =
4 13 5 13 65
⎛α − β ⎞ 63 ⎛α − β ⎞ 2
2 sin 2 ⎜ ⎟ − 1 − cos (α − β ) = 1 − ⇒ 2 sin 2 ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ 2 ⎠ 65 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 65
⎛α − β ⎞ 1
∴ sin 2 ⎜ ⎟=
⎝ 2 ⎠ 65
⎛ α + β ⎞ 1 + cos (α + β ) ⎛α + β ⎞ 33
cos 2 ⎜ ⎟= ⇒ 2 cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ =1−
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 65
⎛ α + β ⎞ 32 ⎛ α + β ⎞ 16
2 cos 2 ⎜ ⎟= ⇒ cos 2 ⎜ ⎟=
⎝ 2 ⎠ 65 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 65

cos 3A
11. Show that cos A = . Hence find the value of cos 15°.
(2 cos 2A − 1)
cos 3A
Sol. R.H.S. =
(2 cos 2A − 1)
4 cos 2 A − 3cos A
=
2(2 cos 2 A − 1) − 1
cos(4 cos 2 A − 3)
= = cos A = L.H.S.
(4 cos 2 A − 3)
cot15° = cot(45° − 30°)
cot 45° ⋅ cot 30° + 1
=
cot 30° − cot 45°
3 +1 3 + 1 ( 3 + 1) 2
= × =
3 −1 3 +1 3 −1
3 +1+ 2 3 4 + 2 3
= =
2 2
2[2 + 3]
= = 2+ 3
2
∴ cot15° = 2 + 3

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sin 3A
12. Show that cos A = . Hence find the value of sin 15°.
1 + 2 cos 2A
sin 3A
Sol. R.H.S. =
1 + 2 cos 2A
3sin A − 4sin 3 A
=
(
1 + 2 1 − 2sin 2 A )
sin[3 − 4sin 2 A]
=
[1 + 2 − 4sin 2 A]
sin A[3 − 4sin 2 A]
=
[3 − 4sin 2 A]
= sin A = L.H.S.
sin 45°
sin15° =
1 + 2 cos 30°
1
= 2
3
1+ 2 ⋅
2
1 3 −1
= ×
2(1 + 3) 3 −1
3 −1 3 −1
= =
2(3 − 1) 2 2

sin 2α 1
13. Prove that tan α = and hence deduce the values of tan 15° and tan 22 ° .
1 + cos 2α 2
sin 2α
Sol. R.H.S. =
1 + cos 2α
2sin α cos α 2sin α cos α
= =
1 + 2 cos α − 1
2
2 cos 2 α
sin α
= = tan α = L.H.S.
cos α
sin 30°
α = 15° ⇒ tan15° =
1 + cos 30°
1
1 2
= 2 = ×
3 2 2+ 3
1+
2
1 2− 3 2− 3
= × = = 2− 3
2+ 3 2− 3 4−3

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1 1 sin 45°
α = 22 ° ⇒ tan 22 ° =
2 2 1 + cos 45°
1
= 2 = 1 × 2
1+
1 2 1+ 2
2
1 2 −1 2 −1
= × = = 2 −1
2 +1 2 −1 2 −1

1 3
14. Prove that − = 4.
sin10° cos10°
1 3
Sol. L.H.S. −
sin10° cos10°
cos10° − 3 sin10°
=
sin10° cos10°
1 3
2 cos10° − sin10°
= 2 2
1
(2sin10° cos10°)
2
[sin 30° cos10° − cos 30° sin10°]
=4
sin 20°
sin(30° − 10°)
=4
sin 20°
sin 20°
=4 = 4 = R.H.S.
sin 20°

15. Prove that 3 csc 20° − sec 20° = 4

Sol. L.H.S. = 3 csc 20° − sec 20°
3 1
= −
sin 20° cos 20°
3 cos 20° − sin 20°
=
sin 20° cos 20°
3 1
2⋅ sin 20° − sin 20°
= 2 2
1
(2sin 20° cos 20°)
2
4(sin 60° cos 20° − cos 60° sin 20°)
=
sin 40°
sin(60° − 20°) sin 40°
=4 = 4⋅
sin 40° sin 40°
= 4 = R.H.S.

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16. tan 9° − tan 27° − cot 27° + cot 9° = 4 .

Sol. Consider,
sin A cos A
tan A + cot A = +
cos A sin A
sin 2 A + cos 2 A
=
sin A cos A
1
=
sin A cos A
2
= = 2 csc 2A
sin 2A
tan 81° = tan(90° − 9°) = cot 9°
tan 63° = tan(90° − 27°) = cot 27°
A = 9° ⇒ tan 9° + cot 9° = 2 csc18°
A = 27° ⇒ tan 27° + cot 27° = 2 csc 54°
L.H.S. = 2(csc17° − csc 54°)
⎛ 4 4 ⎞
= 2⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 5 −1 5 +1⎠
⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= 2× 4⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 5 −1 5 +1⎠
⎛ 5 +1− 5 +1 ⎞
= 8 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 5 −1 ⎠
8× 2
= = 4 = R.H.S.
4

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SAQ’S

sin α cos α
17. If = , then prove that a sec 2α + b cos 2α = b .
a b
sin α cos α
Sol. Given that =
a b
sin α a
=
cos α b
a
∴ tan α =
b
L.H.S. = a sec 2α + b cos 2α
⎡ 2 tan α ⎤ ⎡1 − tan 2 α ⎤
=a⎢ +b⎢ 2 ⎥
⎣1 + tan α ⎥⎦ ⎣1 + tan α ⎦
2

⎡ a ⎤ ⎡ ⎛ a ⎞2 ⎤
⎢ 2× ⎥ ⎢1 − ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
=a ⎢ b ⎥ +b ⎢ ⎝b⎠ ⎥
⎢ ⎛a⎞ ⎥ 2 ⎢ ⎛ a ⎞2 ⎥
⎢1 + ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ⎢1 + ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎝ b ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ ⎝ b ⎠ ⎥⎦
⎡ 2a 2 ⎤ ⎡ b2 − a 2 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥
=⎢ 2b 2 ⎥ + b ⎢ 2b 2 ⎥
⎢b +a ⎥ ⎢b +a ⎥
⎢⎣ b 2 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ b 2 ⎥⎦

2a 2 b b(b 2 − a 2 )
= +
a 2 + b2 a 2 + b2
2a 2 b + b3 − ba 2
=
a 2 + b2
b3 + a 2 b b(b 2 + a 2 )
= = 2 = b = R.H.S.
a 2 + b2 a + b2

A 5 B 20 C 2
18. In a ΔABC, if tan = and tan = , then show that tan = .
2 6 2 37 2 5
Sol. A + B + C = 180°
A + B 180° − C
=
2 2
⎛A+B⎞ ⎛ C⎞
tan ⎜ ⎟ = tan ⎜ 90° − ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠

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⎛A B⎞ C
⇒ tan ⎜ + ⎟ = cot
⎝ 2 2⎠ 2
A B
tan + tan
⇒ 2 2 = cot C
A B 2
1 − tan tan
2 2
5 20
+
C
⇒ 6 37 = cot
5 20 2
1− ⋅
6 37
185 + 120
222 C
⇒ = cot
222 − 100 2
222
305 1
⇒ =
122 tan(C / 2)
C 122
⇒ tan =
2 305
C 2 × 61
⇒ tan =
2 5 × 61
C 2
∴ tan =
2 5

19. If α , β are the solution of the a cos θ + b sin θ = c then prove that
2ac c2 − b2
cos α cos β = 2 and (ii) cos α cos β = 2 2
a + b2 a +b
Solution:
b sin θ = c − a cos θ ⇒ b 2 sin 2 θ = c 2 + a 2 cos 2 θ − 2ac cos θ + ( c 2 − b 2 ) = 0
Since α , β are solution cos α , cos β are roots
2ac c2 − b2
∴ cos α cos β = 2 cos α . cos β = 2
a + b2 a + b2

2bc c2 − a2
(Prove that sin α + sin β = sin α sin β = TRY YOUR SELF)
a 2 + b2 a 2+ b2

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5
20. If cos θ = and 270° < θ < 360°, evaluate sin(θ/2) and cos(θ/2).
13
5
Sol. cos θ = where 270° < θ < 360°
13
5
1−
θ 1 − cos θ 13
sin = =
2 2 2
13 − 5 8 4 2
= = = =
2 × 13 2 × 13 13 13
5
1+
θ 1 + cos θ 13
cos = =
2 2 2
13 + 5 18 9 3
= = = =
2 × 13 2 × 13 13 13
Since θ lies in IV quadrant and θ/2 lies in II quadrant.
θ 2 θ 3
Hence, sin = and cos = − .
2 13 2 13

π 3π 5π 7π
21. Prove that cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 = 2.
8 8 8 8
π 3π 5π 7π
Sol. L.H.S. = cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2
8 8 8 8
π 3π ⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ π⎞
= cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 ⎜ π − ⎟ + cos 2 ⎜ π − ⎟
8 8 ⎝ 8 ⎠ ⎝ 8⎠
π 3π 3π π
= cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2
8 8 8 8
⎛ π 3π ⎞
= 2 ⎜ cos 2 + cos 2 ⎟
⎝ 8 8 ⎠
⎛ π ⎛ π π ⎞⎞
= 2 ⎜ cos 2 + cos 2 ⎜ − ⎟ ⎟
⎝ 8 ⎝ 2 8 ⎠⎠
⎛ π π⎞
= 2 ⎜ cos 2 + sin 2 ⎟ = 2(1) = 2 = R.H.S.
⎝ 8 8⎠

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⎛ π⎞ ⎛ 2π ⎞
22. If tan x + tan ⎜ x + ⎟ + tan ⎜ x + ⎟ = 3 , show that tan 3x = 1.
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
Sol. Consider,
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ 2π ⎞
tan x + tan ⎜ x + ⎟ + tan ⎜ x + ⎟=3
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
π 2π
tan x + tan tan x + tan
tan x + 3 + 3 =3
π 2π
1 − tan x tan 1 − tan x tan
3 3
tan x + 3 tan x − 3
⇒ tan x + + =3
1 − 3 tan x 1 + 3 tan x
(tan x + 3)(1 + 3 tan x) +
(tan x − 3)(1 − 3 tan x)
⇒ tan x + =3
1 − 3 tan 2 x
tan x + 3 tan 2 x + 3 + 3 tan x +
tan x − 3 tan 2 x − 3 + 3 tan x
⇒ tan x + =3
1 − 3 tan 2 x
8 tan x
⇒ tan x + =3
1 − 3 tan 2 x
tan x(1 − 3 tan 2 x) + 8 tan x
⇒ =3
1 − 3 tan 2 x
tan x − 3 tan 3 x + 8 tan x
⇒ =3
1 − 3 tan 2 x
9 tan x − 3 tan 3 x
⇒ =3
1 − 3 tan 2 x
3(3 tan x − tan 3 x)
⇒ =3
1 − 3 tan 2 x
3 tan x − tan 3 x
⇒ = 1 ⇒ tan 3x = 1
1 − 3 tan 2 x

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π 2π 3π 4π 5
23. Prove that sin ⋅ sin ⋅ sin ⋅ sin =
5 5 5 5 16
π 2π 3π 4π
Sol. L.H.S. = sin ⋅ sin ⋅ sin ⋅ sin
5 5 5 5
= sin 36° ⋅ sin 72° ⋅ sin108° ⋅ sin144°
= sin 36° ⋅ sin(90° − 18°) sin(90° + 18°)
sin(180° − 36°)
= sin 36° ⋅ cos18° ⋅ cos18°⋅ sin 36°
= sin 2 36°⋅ cos 2 18°
10 − 2 5 10 + 2 5
= ⋅
16 16
100 − 20 80 5
= = = = R.H.S.
16 ×16 16 ×16 16

⎛π⎞ ⎛ 5π ⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ 9π ⎞
24. Show that cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ + cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ + cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ + cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ = 2 .
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
⎛π⎞ ⎛ 5π ⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ 9π ⎞
Sol. L.H.S. = cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ + cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ + cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ + cos 2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
π 2π ⎛ 2π ⎞ ⎛ π⎞
= cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 ⎜ π − ⎟ + cos 2 ⎜ π − ⎟
10 5 ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
π 2π 2π π
= cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2
10 5 5 10
⎛ π 2π ⎞
= 2 ⎜ cos 2 + cos 2 ⎟
⎝ 10 5 ⎠
= 2(cos 2 18° + cos 2 72°)
= 2[cos 2 18° + cos 2 (90° − 18°)]
= 2[cos 2 18° + sin 2 18°]
= 2(1) = 2

1 − sec8α tan 8α
25. Prove that =
1 − sec 4α tan 2α
1 − sec8α
Sol. L.H.S. =
1 − sec 4α
1 cos8α − 1
1−
= cos8α = cos8α
1 cos 4α − 1
1−
cos 4α cos 4α

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cos8α − 1 cos 4α
= ×
cos8α cos 4α − 1
−2sin 2 4α cos 4α
=
−2sin 2 2α cos8α
2sin 4α cos 4α sin 4α
=
2sin 2 2α cos8α
sin 8α ⋅ sin 4α
=
(2sin 2 2α) cos8α
sin 8α 2sin 2α cos 2α
= ⋅
cos8α 2sin 2 2α
cos 2α
= tan 8α ⋅
sin 2α
= tan 8α ⋅ cot 2α
tan 8α
= = R.H.S.
tan 2α

⎛ π ⎞⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ 7π ⎞ ⎛ 9π ⎞ 1
26. Prove that ⎜1 + cos ⎟ ⎜1 + cos ⎟ ⎜1 + cos ⎟ ⎜1 + cos ⎟ = .
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠ 16
Sol. L.H.S. =
⎛ π ⎞⎛ 3π ⎞⎛ 7π ⎞⎛ 9π ⎞
⎜1 + cos ⎟⎜1 + cos ⎟⎜1 + cos ⎟⎜1 + cos ⎟
⎝ 10 ⎠⎝ 10 ⎠⎝ 10 ⎠⎝ 10 ⎠
⎛ π ⎞⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎡ ⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎤ ⎡ ⎛ π ⎞⎤
= ⎜ 1 + cos ⎟ ⎜ 1 + cos ⎟ ⎢1 + cos ⎜ π − ⎟ ⎥ ⎢1 + cos ⎜ π − 10 ⎟ ⎥
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦
⎛ π ⎞⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ π⎞
= ⎜ 1 + cos ⎟ ⎜1 + cos ⎟ ⎜1 − cos ⎟ ⎜1 − cos ⎟
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
⎛ π ⎞⎛ 3π ⎞
= ⎜ 1 − cos 2 ⎟ ⎜1 − cos 2 ⎟
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
2 2
π 3π ⎡ π ⎤ ⎡ 3π ⎤
= sin 2
sin 2 = ⎢sin ⎥ ⎢sin ⎥
10 10 ⎣ 10 ⎦ ⎣ 10 ⎦
= sin 2 18° sin 2 54°
2 2
⎡ 5 − 1⎤ ⎡ 5 + 1⎤ ( 5 − 1) 2 ( 5 + 1) 2
=⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ = ×
⎣ 4 ⎦ ⎣ 4 ⎦ 16 16
[( 5 − 1)( 5 + 1)]2 (5 − 1) 2 42 16 1
= = = = =
16 ×16 16 ×16 16 ×16 16 ×16 16

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π 2π 3π 4π 5π 1
27. Prove that cos cos cos cos cos = .
11 11 11 11 11 32
π 2π 3π 4π 5π
Sol. Let C = cos cos cos cos cos
11 11 11 11 11
π 2π 3π 4π 5π
S = sin sin sin sin sin
11 11 11 11 11
⎛ π π ⎞⎛ 2π 2π ⎞ ⎛ 3π 3π ⎞ ⎛ 4π 4π ⎞ ⎛ 5π 5π ⎞
C ⋅ S = ⎜ sin cos ⎟ ⎜ sin cos ⎟ ⎜ sin cos ⎟ ⎜ sin cos ⎟ ⎜ sin cos ⎟
⎝ 11 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 11 ⎠
1 ⎛ π π ⎞⎛ 2π 2π ⎞ ⎛ 3π 3π ⎞ ⎛ 4π 4π ⎞ ⎛ 5π 5π ⎞
= ⎜ 2sin cos ⎟ ⎜ 2sin cos ⎟ ⎜ 2sin cos ⎟ ⎜ 2sin cos ⎟ ⎜ 2sin cos ⎟
32 ⎝ 11 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 11 ⎠
1 2π 4π 6π 8π 10π
C ⋅ S = sin sin sin sin sin
32 11 11 11 11 11
1 2π 4π ⎛ 5π ⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ π⎞
= sin sin sin ⎜ π − ⎟ sin ⎜ π − ⎟ sin ⎜ π − ⎟
32 11 11 ⎝ 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 ⎠
C=
1
1 π 2π 3π 4π 5π 32
= sin sin sin sin sin
32 11 11 11 11 11
1
= ⋅S
32
π 2π 3π 4π 5π 1
∴ cos cos cos cos cos =
11 11 11 11 11 32

28. If A is not an integral multiple of π, prove that

sin16A
(i) cos A ⋅ cos 2A ⋅ cos 4A ⋅ cos8A = and hence deduce that
16sin A
2π 4π 8π 16π 1
cos ⋅ cos ⋅ cos ⋅ cos = .
15 15 15 15 16
Sol. (i) L.H.S. : cos A cos 2A cos 4A cos 8A
1
= (2sin A cos A) cos 2A cos 4A cos8A
2sin A
1
= sin 2A cos 2A cos 4A cos8A
2sin A
1
= 2 (2sin 2A cos 2A) cos 4A cos8A
2 sin A
1
= 2 sin 4A cos 4A cos8A
2 sin A
1
= 3 2sin 4A cos 4A cos8A
2 sin A
1
= 3 sin 8A cos8A
2 sin A
1
= 4 2sin 8A cos8A
2 sin A
sin16A
= = R.H.S.
16sin A

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2π
ii) Put n = in above result,
15
2π 4π 8π 16π
cos cos cos cos
15 15 15 15
32π sin ⎛ 2π + 2π ⎞
sin ⎜ ⎟
= 15 = ⎝ 15 ⎠
2π 2π
16sin 16sin
15 15
2π
sin
= 15 = 1 = R.H.S.
2π 16
16sin
15

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