2548

1 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6 NEC
1.7
(Material Safety Data Sheet: MSDS)

1-1
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-5
1-8
1-10
1-13

2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

2-1
2-2
2-4
2-9
2-11

3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8

3-2
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-5
3-6
3-7

()

4
4.1
4.2

4.3
4.4

4-1
4-2
4-3
4-18

5
5.1

5-1

5.2

5-2

5.3

5-4

Checklist

-1
-1

-1

1.1

1.2
1.3 LEL UEL
1.4 Flash Point
1.5 Auto-Ignition Temperature

1.6 Vapor Density

1.7

1.8
2.1 Temperature Classification
IEC NEC
2.2
T-Classification
2.3
IEC NEC
2.4 (Standard Agencies)
2.5
NEC 500
2.6
NEC 505
2.7
IEC CENELEC
4.1
5.1

1-2
1-3
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-8
1-9
1-10
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-9
2-11
2-12
2-13
4-18
5-4

1.1 Phillips Petroleum

1.2 3
2.1 Flameproof Type d Protection
2.2 Intrinsic Safety Type ia Protection
2.3 Pressurized Type p Protection
2.4 Increased Safety Type e Protection
2.5 Oil Immersion Type "o" Protection
2.6 Explosive Atmosphere
2.7 Encapsulation Type "m" Protection
2.8 Nonincendive Type n Protection
3.1
3.2
1
3.3 1

3.4 1

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

1-2
1-5
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-6
2-7
2-7
2-8
2-8
3-1
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-6
3-7
3-7

3-8

()

3.10

3.11

4.1
4.2 MI (Mineral Insulated Metal Sheathed Cable)
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6 1
4.7 (Sealing fitting)
4.8 Sealing fitting
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12

3-9
4-2
4-4
4-5
4-7
4-9
4-13
4-14
4-14
4-15
4-15
4-16
4-17

5.1

5-5

5.2 Bonding

5-5

5.3 Grounding
5.4 Bonding
5.5

5.6 Heavy Duty Clamp with Tungsten Carbide Contact

5.7 Medium Duty Clamp Stainless Steel

5.8 Medium Duty Cast Aluminum Clamp

5.9 Clamp Type C big bag

5-5
5-6

3-8

5-7
5-7
5-8
5-8
5-8
5

()

5.10 C-Clamp Bonding

5.11 Pipe Clamp Bonding
Grounding
5.12 Screw down Clamp

5.13

5.14

5.15

5-9
5-9
5-10
5-10

5-11
5-11

1
1
1.1

1.1 Phillips Petroleum

1900
North American Codes NEC
(National Electric Code) CEC (Canadian
Electric Code)
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)


CENELEC (European Electrotechnical Committee for
Standardization) IEC
1920

Extra
Hazardous Location
Explosion proof ..1931
NEC Class I Class II

1-1

Class III ..1935

Class I A, B, C D 3 (1)
(Explosive Pressure) (2) (Flame Transmission)
(3) (Ignition Temperature)
..1956 (Intrinsic Safety)
North American Codes
Explosion proof
NEC
Division 2



1.2

(Ignitable Concentration)

1.1

IEC / CENELEC
Zone 0
Zone 1
Zone 2
NEC 500
NEC 505

Class I: Division 1
Zone 0

Zone 1

Class I: Division 2
Zone 2

: IEC, NEC CENELEC

1-2

1.2
Typical
IEC
NEC 500
Material
CENELEC
CEC
Acetylene
Group IIC
Class I / Group A
Hydrogen
Group IIC
Class I / Group B
Ethylene
Group IIB
Class I / Group C
Propane
Group IIA
Class I / Group D
Methane
Group I
Gaseous Mines
Metal Dust
Class II / Group E
Coal Dust
Class II / Group F
Grain Dust
Class II / Group G
Fibers
Class III
: IEC, CENELEC, NEC CEC
1.3 (Definition of Hazardous Locations)
Zone 0 Location (Class I: Division 1)

Zone 0 100%
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) 1,000
Zone 0

Intrinsically Safe

Zone 1 Location (Class I: Division 1)

,

1-3

,
Zone 0

Safety Valve Seal Pump Compressor


(Solvent)


Zone 1 100%
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) 10 1,000

Zone 2 Location (Class I: Division 2)

Zone 1
Zone 2 100%
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) 10

Zone 1
Zone 1 Zone 1
Zone 2

1-4

1.4 (Basics of Explosion Protection)

1.2 3
(Hazardous Area)
3

1. (Flammable Material in Ignitable

Quantities)
2. (
21%)
3. (Ignition Source)
,
, ,

1-5

(Gas) (Vapor)

(Ventilation)

(Explosive
Atmosphere) 5
1. Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
(Explosive mixture)

1.3 LEL UEL

Flammable Limits
IEC
NEC

Percent by Volume
LEL
UEL
Group Group
Acetaldehyde
4.0
60.0
IIB
C
Acetic Acid
4.0
19.9
IIA
D
Acetic Anhydride
2.7
10.3
IIA
D
Acetone
2.5
13.0
IIA
D
Acetone Cyanohydrin
2.2
12.0
IIA
D
Acetonitrite
3.0
16.0
IIA
D
Acetylene
2.5
100.0
IIC
A
: IEC NEC
2. Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)
(Explosive mixture)

1-6

3. Flash Point

Flash Point 37.8O C (100O F) Flammable Liquid
Flash Point 37.8O C (100O F) Combustible Liquid
Flash Point

1.4 Flash Point

Flash Point Temperature
IEC
NEC

O
O
F
C
Group Group
Acetaldehyde
Acetic Acid
Acetic Anhydride
Acetone
Acetone Cyanohydrin
Acetonitrite
Acetylene
: IEC NEC

-38.0
-39.0
103.0
39.0
120.0
49.0
-4.0
-20.0
165.0
74.0
42.0
6.0

IIB
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIC

C
D
D
D
D
D
A

4. Auto-Ignition Temperature


(Hot Spot)
Auto-Ignition Temperature

1-7

1.5 Auto-Ignition Temperature

Auto-Ignition Temperature
IEC
NEC

O
O
F
C
Group Group
Acetaldehyde
Acetic Acid
Acetic Anhydride
Acetone
Acetone Cyanohydrin
Acetonitrite
Acetylene
: IEC NEC

347.0
867.0
600.0
869.0
1270.0
975.0
531.0

75.0
464.0
316.0
465.0
688.0
524.0
305.0

IIB
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIC

C
D
D
D
D
D
A

5. Vapor Density
1.0

1.0

1.6 Vapor Density

Vapor Density
IEC
NEC

[ Air density = 1.0 ] Group Group

Acetaldehyde
Acetic Acid
Acetic Anhydride
Acetone
Acetone Cyanohydrin
Acetonitrite
Acetylene
: IEC NEC

1.5
2.1
3.5
2.0
2.9
1.4
0.9

IIB
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIC

C
D
D
D
D
D
A

1-8

1.5 (Gas Grouping)

2
1. Minimum Ignition Current (MIC)

MIC
MIC

2. Maximum Experimental Safe Gap (MESG)

MESG
(Explosion proof)
(Flameproof) MESG

1.7

NEC
IEC
Typical Gas
Group MESG (mm.) MIC (mA) Group MESG (rel.) MIC (rel.)
Acetylene
A
0.25
60
IIC
< 0.5
> 0.8
Hydrogen
B
0.28
75
IIC
< 0.5
> 0.8
Ethylene
C
0.65
108
IIB
0.5 - 0.9
0.45 - 0.8
Propane
D
0.97
146
IIA
> 0.9
< 0.45
rel. (Relative Value)
MESG (rel.) < 1.0
MIC (rel.) < 1.0
: NEC IEC

1-9

1.7 Acetylene Hydrogen

NEC (Gas) (Vapor)

Group A: Acetylene
Group B: MESG Ratio 0.45 MIC
Ratio 0.4
Group C: MESG Ratio 0.45
0.75 MIC Ratio 0.4 0.8
Group D: MESG Ratio 0.75
MIC Ratio 0.8
IEC (Gas) (Vapor)
Group IIC: MESG 0.50 . MIC
Ratio 0.45
Group IIB: MESG 0.50 .
0.90 . MIC Ratio 0.45 0.8
Group IIA: MESG 0.90 .
MIC Ratio 0.8
1.6 NEC
1.8

%LFL

(oC)
-
Acetaldehyde
D
175
4.0
Acetic Acid
D
464
4.0
Acetone
D
465
2.5
Acetonitrile
D
524
3.0
Acetylene
A
305
2.5
Acrolein (Inhibited)
B
235
2.8
Acrylonitrile
D
481
3.0

%UFL
60.0
19.9
12.8
16.0
99.9
31.0
17.0

-
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIC
IIB
IIB
1-10

Ammonia
Benzene
1, 3-Butadiene
1-Butano 1
2-Butano 1
n-Butyl Acetate
Crotonaldehyde
Cumene
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cycloprpoane
p-Cymene
o-Dichlorobenzene
1, 2Dichloroethylene
Diethylamine
Diethylaminoethanol
Diethyl Ether
Dimethylamine
1, 4-Dioxane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethylene
Ethylene Oxide
Ethyl Acrylate
(Inhibited)
Ethyl Formate
n-Heptane
n-Hexane

-
D
D
B
D
D
D
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D

498
498
420
343
405
421
232
424
245
300
245
503
436
647
460

15.0
1.2
2.0
1.4
1.7
1.7
2.1
0.9
1.3
1.1
2.4
0.7
2.2
5.6

28.0
7.8
12.0
11.2
9.8
7.6
15.5
6.5
8.0
9.4
10.4
5.6
9.2
12.8

-
IIA
IIA
IIB
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIB
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIB
IIA
IIA
IIA

C
C
C
C
C
D
D
C
B
D

312
320
160
400
180
472
363
450
429
372

1.8
1.9
2.8
2.0
3.0
3.3
2.7
3.0
1.4

10.1
36.0
14.4
22.0
12.5
19.0
36.0
99.9
14.0

IIA
IIA
IIB
IIA
IIB
IIA
IIA
IIB
IIB
IIA

D
D
D

455
204
225

2.8
1.0
1.1

16.0
6.7
7.5

IIA
IIA
IIA

%LFL
(oC)

%UFL

1-11

-
B
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D

Hydrogen
520
Hydrogen Cyanide
538
Kerosene
210
Methane
630
Methanol
385
Methyl Acetate
454
Methyl Methacrylate
422
Methylamine
430
Monoethanolamine
410
Naphtha (Coal Tar)
277
Naphtha
288
(Petroleum)
Nitroethane
C
414
Nitromethane
C
418
n-Nonane
D
205
Nonyl Alcohol
D
0
n-Octane
D
206
n-Octyl Alcohol
D
0
1-Pentanol
D
300
1-Propanol
D
143
Pyridine
D
482
Styrene
D
490
Tetrahydrofuran
C
321
Toluene
D
480
Triethylamine
C
249
Vinyl Acetate
D
402
Xylene
D
464
: NEC, Cooper Crouse-Hinds

4.0
5.6
0.7
5.0
6.0
3.1
1.7
4.9
1.1

75.0
40.0
5.0
15.0
36.0
16.0
8.2
20.7
5.9

-
IIC
IIB
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIB
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA

3.4
7.3
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.0
1.2
2.2
1.8
0.9
2.0
1.1
1.2
2.6
0.9

0.0
0.0
2.9
6.1
6.5
0.0
10.0
13.7
12.4
6.8
11.8
7.1
8.0
13.4
7.0

IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIB
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA

%LFL
(oC)

%UFL

1-12

1.7 (Material Safety Data Sheet: MSDS)

MSDS
1. (Hazardous Ingredient Information)
Chemical Identity
List of Hazardous Chemicals
Percent by Weight or Volume

2. (Physical Data)
Boiling Point (Liquid)
(Vapor) (1 )

Vapor Pressure
20

Vapor Density

Percent Volume by Weight

70
Evaporation Rate

Appearance and Odor

(Gas Detector)

1-13

3. (Fire and Explosion Hazard Data)

Flash Point

Flammable Limits
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) Upper
Explosive Limit (UEL)

Extinguishing Media

MSDS ()
Material Safety Data Sheet
1. Identification of Substance
Product Name:
Application:
Supplier:
Address:
Contact:

Acetone

Solvent
SwanTek
Mintsfeet Road South, Kendal, Cumbria, LA9 6ND
Tel: 01539 722247
Fax: 01539 740067
E-mail: service@swantek.com
Web: www.swantek.com
Emergency health and safety information is available on line at www.swantek.com.

2. Composition/Information on Ingredients
Acetone (alternative names: 2-propanone, dimethyl ketone)
Chemical family name: Aliphatic ketone
CAS No.: 67-64-1
EINECS No.: 200-662-2

3. Hazards Identification

Physical/Chemical hazards: Highly flammable

Human health hazards: Irritating to eyes. Repeated exposure may cause skin
dryness or cracking. Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. May cause
respiratory tract irritation.
Effects and symptoms:
Eyes: Causes eye irritation.
Skin: Prolonged or repeated contact can defat the skin and lead to irritation
and/or dermatitis.
Inhalation: Inhalation causes headaches, dizziness, drowsiness and nausea and
may lead to unconsciousness. May cause respiratory tract irritation. Symptoms
similar to alcohol intoxication.
Ingestion: Ingestion may cause gastro-intestinal irritation and diarrhoea. Causes
mild irritation of the mouth, throat and oesophagus. Ingestion may cause nausea,
weakness and central nervous system effects.

1-14

4. First Aid Measures

General:
Inhalation: Remove from exposure. Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious person. Obtain medical attention immediately.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Eye Contact: In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with a copious amount of
water for at least 15 minutes. Obtain medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact: Immediately wash exposed skin with soap and water. Remove
contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before re-use. Clean shoes
thoroughly before re-use. Get medical attention if irritation develops.

5. Fire Fighting Measures

- 20 OC 465 OC

Flash point: -20C (-4F) CC

Autoignition temperature: 465C (869F)
Extinguishing media: In case of fire use water spray (fog), foam, dry chemical, or
CO2.
Hazardous decomposition products: Carbon oxides (CO, CO2).
Unusual fire/explosion hazards: This material is combustible/flammable and is
sensitive to fire, heat and static discharge. Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
Vapour may cause flash fire. Vapours may accumulate in low or confined areas,
travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Runoff to
sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
Special fire fighting procedures: Do not fight fire when it reaches material.
Withdraw from fire and let it burn. Promptly isolate the scene by removing all
persons from the vicinity of the incident if there is a fire. First move people out of
line of sight of scene and away from windows. Cool closed containers exposed to
fire with water.
Protection of fire fighters: Fire fighters should wear self contained positive
pressure breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full turnout gear.

6. Accidental Release Measures

Large spill or leak: Immediately contact emergency personnel. Eliminate all
ignition sources. Keep unnecessary personnel away. Use suitable protective
equipment (Section 8). Follow all fire fighting procedures (Section 5). Do not
touch or walk through spilled material. If emergency personnel unavailable,
contain spilled material. For small spills add absorbent (soil may be used in the
absence of other suitable materials) and use a non-sparking or explosion proof
means to transfer material to a sealed, appropriate container for disposal. For
large spills, dyke spilled material or otherwise contain material to ensure runoff
does not reach a waterway. Place spilled material in an appropriate container for
disposal. Minimize contact of spilled material with soils to prevent runoff to
surface waterways. See Section 13 for waste disposal information.
Personal protection - large spill: Splash goggles, full suit, boots, gloves. A self
contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid inhalation of the product.
Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient. Consult a specialist before
handling this product.

7. Handling and Storage

Handling: Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. Avoid contact with eyes.
Keep container closed. Use only with adequate ventilation. Keep away from heat,
sparks and flame. To avoid fire or explosion, dissipate static electricity during
transfer by earthing and bonding containers and equipment before transferring
material. Use explosing proof electrical (ventilation, lighting and material

1-15


handling) equipment. Wash thoroughly after handling.
Storage: Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well
ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use.
Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame). Store in original container.

8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Engineering measures: Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls
to keep the airborne concentrations of vapours below their respective threshold
limit values. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are close to the
workstation location. Wash hands after handling compounds and before eating,
smoking, using the lavatory and at the end of the day.
Occupational exposure limits: STEL: 1500ppm (15 min). TWA 500ppm (8h).
Personal protection:
Respiratory system: Use only with adequate ventilation. Do not breathe vapour or
mist. If ventilation is inadequate use certified respirator that will protect against
organic vapour.
Skin and body: Avoid contact with skin. Wear clothing and footwear that cannot
be penetrated by chemicals or oil.
Hands: Wear gloves that cannot be penetrated by chemicals or oil.
Eyes: Avoid contact with eyes. Wear chemical splash googles.

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical state
Colour

Liquid
Clear colourless

Odour

Pungent

Boiling point

56 C

Melting point

-95 C

Explosion limits

2.6% to 13%

Solubility in water

Easily soluble in cold water

Partition coefficient (log Pow)

-0.24

Vapour pressure

24.7 kPa at 20 C

Density

0.79 g/cm

Auto-flammability

465 C

Relative vapour density (air=1) 2

Evaporation rate

9.46 (compared to Butyl Acetate)

- 2.6%
(LEL) 13% (UEL)
-

- =2

10. Stability and Reactivity

Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame). Avoid exposure to water or
moisture. Product is highly reactive with oxidising agents. Hazardous
polymerisation will not occur.

11. Toxicological Information

Acute toxicity: 1700-1070 mg/kg (rat). LC50 > 6700 mg/l 4h (rat). LD50 >
15688 mg/kg (rabbit).
Chronic toxicity:
Carcinogenic effects: No component of this product at a level greater than 0.1%
is identified as a carcinogen by ACGIH, the International Agency for Research of
Cancer (IARC) or the European Commission (EC). Classified A4 (Not classifiable
for humans or animals) by ACGIH (Acetone).
Other effects: No component of this product at a level greater than 0.1% is

1-16


classified by established regulatory criteria as a mutagen, a reproductive toxin,
teratogenic or embryotoxic.

12. Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity: Practically non-toxic to aquatic organisms. LC50 >
5500 mg/l 96h (fish). EC50 > 10022 mg/l (daphnia).
Persistence potential: This product is readily biodegradable.
BOD5 is 38-56% ThOD. BOD20 is 76-84% ThOD.
Mobility: This product is likely to volatise rapidly into the air
because of its high vapour pressure. This product may move with surface or
groundwater flows because it is 100% water soluble. The product is poorly
absorbed onto soils or sediments.
Bioaccumulative potential: This product is not expected to bioaccumulate through
food chains in the environment.

13. Disposal Considerations

Product disposal: Dispose of in accordance with all applicable national and local
regulations. Avoid contact of spilled material and runoff with soil and surface
waterways. Consult an environmental professional to determine if regulations
would classify spilled or contaiminated material as hazardous waste. Use only
approved transporters, recyclers, treatment, storage or disposal facilities.
Container disposal: Labels should not be removed from containers until they have
been cleaned. Empty containers may contain harmful, flammable/combustible or
explosive residue or vapours. Do not cut, grind, drill, weld, reuse or dispose of
containers unless adequate precautions are taken against these hazards. Do not
incinerate closed containers.

14. Transport Information

UK Transport Information: UK Transport Emergency Action Code: 3(Y)E. UK
Transport Class No. 3.
UN No: 1090
Proper shipping name: Acetone
ADR/RID Substance Identification No: 1090
ADR/RID Class: 3
ADR/RID Item No: 3(b)
ADR/RID Hazard Identification No: 33
IMDG Packing group: II
IMDG Class: 3.1
IMDG Marine pollutant: No
IMDG Ems No: 3-06
IMDG MFAG table no: 300
IATA Packaging Group: II
IATA Class: 3
Tremcard No. TEC(R): 30

15. Regulatory Information

Labelling Information: Highly flammable. Irritant.
EINECS No: 2006622
EC Annex No: 606-001-00-8
EC Annex 1 Classification: Highly flammable, Irritant
TSCA Listing: Yes
AICS/NICNAS Listing: Yes
DSL/NDSL (Canadian ) Listing: DSL listed

1-17


INCI name: Acetone
Risk Phrases: R11: Highly flammable.
R36: Irritating to eyes.
R66: Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.
R67: Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness.
Safety Phrases: S2: Keep out of reach of children.
S24: Avoid contact with skin.
S46: If swallowed seek medical advice immediately and show this container or
label.
S51: Use only in well ventilated areas.

16. Other Information

Issue Date: 21 January 2005
The responsibility to ensure safe working conditions within the workplace remains
with the user. The information contained within this Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is
given as a guide to the precautions required to maintain a safe work
environment.
This product is for professional use only. Not for sale or resale to the general
public. This product is sold for the application or applications stated on this SDS.
Use for other applications may give rise to risks not covered by the information
on this SDS. The physical and chemical properties on this SDS are typical
properties, not a specification.
All information and instructions provided in this SDS are based on SwanTek
current scientific and technical knowledge at the date indicated on the present
SDS. SwanTek shall not be held responsible for any defect in the product covered
by the SDS, should the existence of such defect not be detectable considering the
current state of scientific and technical knowledge. Please report any errors to
safety@swantek.com.

1-18

2.1 (Ignition Source)

: Open Flame
: Hot Surfaces
: Electrical Arcs and Sparks
: Electrostatic
Discharge
: Lightning
(Atmospheric Discharge)

:
Mechanical Friction or Impact Sparks
: Electromagnetic Radiation
: Ultrasonic
: Shock Waves (Adiabatic Compression)
: Ionizing Radiation
: Optical Radiation
: Chemical Reaction

2-1

2.2 (Technical Principle of Explosion

Protections)
Temperature Classification

(Auto-Ignition Temperature)
NEC IEC
(Enclosure)
Temperature Class (T Class)

Auto-ignition Temperature T class
Auto-Ignition Temperature
2.1 Temperature Classification IEC NEC
IEC
NEC

O
450 C
T1
T1
300O C

T2

T2

280O C

T2A

260O C

T2B

230O C

T2C

215O C

T2D

200O C

T3

T3

180O C

T3A

165O C

T3B

160O C

T3C

135O C

T4

120O C

T4
T4A

100O C

T5

T5

85O C

T6

T6

: IEC NEC

2-2

2.2 T-Classification

Ignition
T-Class
IEC group

Temperature (O C)
Acetaldehyde
140
T4
IIA
Acetic Acid
485
T1
IIA
Acetic Anhydride
330
T2
IIA
Acetone
540
T1
IIA
Acetylene
305
T2
IIC
Ammonia
630
T1
IIA
Benzene
220
T3
IIA
Carbon Disulfide
95
T6
IIC
Diesel
220 300
T3
IIA
Ethane
515
T1
IIA
Ethylalchohol
425
T2
IIA
Ethylene
425
T2
IIB
Hydrogen
560
T1
IIC
Methane
595
T1
IIA
Methanol
455
T1
IIA
Naphthalene
520
T1
IIA
Propane
470
T1
IIA
Toluene
535
T1
IIA
: IEC
2.2 (Terminal Box)
T6
80O C 40 O C
PVC 70 O C

2-3

2.3 (Explosion proof Protection)

3

2.3 IEC NEC

IEC
NEC
Flameproof
d
Zone 1 2
Division 1 2
Intrinsically Safe
ia
Zone 0, 1 2 Division 1 2
Intrinsically Safe
ib
Zone 1 2
Division 2
Purge or Pressurization
p
Zone 1 2
Division 1 2
Increased Safety
e
Zone 1 2
Division 2
Immersed in Oil
o
Zone 1 2
Division 2
Filled with Poder / Sand
q
Zone 1 2
Division 2
Encapsulated / Molding
m
Zone 1 2
Division 2
Non-Sparking / Nonincendive
n
Zone 2
Division 2
: NEC IEC
Flameproof Type d Protection

2.1 Flameproof Type d Protection

2-4

, ,
,
Intrinsic Safety Type ia Protection

2

2.2 Intrinsic Safety Type ia ib Protection

Intrinsic Safety Type ib Protection

Intrinsic Safety Thermocouple, Transducer,

Transmitter, Proximity Switch, Flow Detector, Level Sensor
Intrinsically Safe 3
(1) (Sensor Instrument)
(2) (Energy-limiting Device) Barrier
(3)
Barrier
Resistor , Zener Diode
Fuse

2-5

Pressurized Type p Protection

2.3 Pressurized Type p Protection

0.5 mbar 50 Pa
21%

Increased Safety Type e Protection

2.4 Increased Safety Type e Protection

, , ,

,
, ,

2-6

Oil Immersion Type o Protection

2.5 Oil Immersion Type o Protection

Mineral Oil


Hydrogen Acetylene



Powder Filled Type q Protection

2.6 Explosive Atmosphere

2-7

Encapsulation Type m Protection

2.7 Encapsulation Type m Protection

Epoxy Resin,
Thermoplastic, thermosetting Elastrometic Material
Solenoid Valve, Rapid Starter, Resistor, Capacitor, Optoisolator
Diode
Nonincendive Type n Protection

2.8 Nonincendive Type n Protection

3

Non-Sparking nA
Hermetically Sealed nC

2-8

Restricted Breathing nR

2.4

2.4 (Standard Agencies)

Australia
Quality Assurance Services
Australia

Safety in Mines Testing and Research Station (SIMTARS)

Austria

Technishe Uberwachung Verein Product Services (TUV)

Brazil

Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL)

Canada

Canada Standards Association (CSA)

Czech Republic Fyzikalne Technicky Zkusebni Ustav (FTZU)

Denmark

DEMKO

Finland

Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

France

Institut National de IEnvironnement Industriel et des Risques

(INERIS)
Laboratorie Central des Industries Electriques (LCIE)

France
Germany
Germany

Germany
Germany

Forschungsgesellshaft fur Angewandte Systemsichereit und

Arbeitsmedizin mbH (FSA)
DMT-Gesellshaft fur forschung und Prufung mbH
Fachstelle fur Sicherheit elektrischer Betriebsmttel
Bergbau-Versuchsstrecke (BVS)
Institut fur Sicherheitstechnik GmbH Institut an der
Bergakademie Freiberg (IBExU)
Technishe Uberwachung Verein (TUV)

2-9

Germany

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstilt (PTB)

Hungary
Italy

Hungarian Testing Authority for Explosion-proof Electrical

Apparatus (BKI)
Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano (CESI)

Japan

The Technical Institution of Industrial Safety (TIIS)

Luxemburg

Service de IEnergie de IEtat Luxembourgeois

Netherlands

Keuring van Elektrotechnische Materialen (KEMA)

Norway

NEMKO

Poland

Glowny Institut Gornictwa Kopalnia Doswiadczalna BARBARA

Republic Korea
Republic of
South Africa
Romania

Korea Industrial Safety Corp. (KISCO)

South African Bureau of Standards (SABS)
Insemex Petrosani Equipment Ex. Certification Service

Russia

Test Centre for Explosion-proof Electrical Apparatus (VNIIEF)

Slovakia

Elektrotechnicky Vyskummy a Projektovy Ustav (EVPU)

Slovenia

Mr Igor Likar Slovenian of Quality and Metrology (SIQ)

Spain
Sweden
Switzerland

Laboratorio Official Jose Maria Madariage (LOM)

Swedish National Testing and Research Institute (SP)
Eidgenossisches Starkstrominspektorat (ESTI)

Ukraine

Test and Certification Ventre for Explosion-proof and frameproof Electrical Apparatus (ISZVE)
United Kingdom Electrical Equipment Certification Services (EECS)
United Kingdom SIRA Certification Services (SCS)
United States

Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FM)

United States

Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL)

Yugoslavia

Savezno Ministarstvoza Razvoj, Naukui Zivotnu Sredinu

Savezni Zavodza Standardizaciju (SZS)

2-10

2.5 (Certification Code)

2.5 - 2.7
2.5
NEC 500
Permitted Class
Permitted Division Permitted Group Temperature Class
Class I: Gas
Division 1
Group A
T1: 450 OC
Division 2
Group B
T2: 300 OC
Group C
T2A: 280 OC
Group D
T2B: 260 OC
T2C: 230 OC
T2D: 215 OC
T3: 200 OC
T3A: 180 OC
T3B: 165 OC
T3C: 160 OC
T4: 135 OC
T4A: 120 OC
T5: 100 OC
T6: 85 OC
: Class I, Div 1, Group B, C, D, T4
: NEC

2-11

2.6
NEC 505
Permitted
AEx
Permitted Class
Protection Method
Gas Group
Zone
Class I: Gas Zone 0
e: Increased Safety
Group IIC
Zone 1
d: Flameproof
Group IIB + H2
Zone 2
m: Encapsulation
Group IIB
nA: Nonsparking
Group IIA
nR: Restricted Breathing
Group I
nC: Hermetically Seal
[ia]: Intrinsically Safe
[ib]: Intrinsically Safe

Temperature
Class
T1: 450 OC
T2: 300 OC
T3: 200 OC
T4: 135 OC
T5: 100 OC
T6: 85 OC

: Class I, Zone 1, AEx d [ia] IIC T4

: NEC

2-12

2.7
IEC CENELEC
Standard
Protection Method
Gas Group Temperature Class
Ex: IEC
e: Increased Safety
Group IIC
T1: 450 OC
EEx: CENELEC
d: Flameproof
Group IIB
T2: 300 OC
m: Encapsulation
Group IIA
T3: 200 OC
p: Pressurized
T4: 135 OC
q: Powder-Filled
T5: 100 OC
o: Oil Immersion
T6: 85 OC
n: Nonincendive
ia: Intrinsically Safe
ib: Intrinsically Safe
s: Special Protection
me: Encapsulation and Increased
Safety
IEC: Ex d IIC T5
CENELEC: EEx d IIC T5
: IEC CENELEC

2-13

1 Acetone
( 465oC, temp-class T1, IIA D), Ammonia (
498oC, temp-class T1, IIA D), Kerosene ( 210oC, tempclass T3, IIA D), 3-Butadiene ( 420oC, temp-class T2,
IIB B) Methyl Acetate ( 454oC, temp-class T1, IIB
D)
Kerosene
T3 ()
3-Butadiene B (
) 1 1 (Class I, Division 1)
ia, d p
()

CENELEC: EEx ia IIB T3
IEC: Ex de IIB T2
NEC 500: Class I, Div 1, Group A,B,C,D, T3
NEC 505: Class I, Zone 1, AEx p IIB T2B

2-14

3.1

3-1

3.1
1


(Ventilation) 2
1. (Natural Ventilation)

/

/
2. (Artificial Ventilation)

3.2

(./) = (.) x x 1/60

10 12 8
5

3-2

= x x
= 10 x 12 x 8
= 960 .

= 960 x 5 x 1/60
= 80
./
80 ./
3.3

3.2 1

3-3

1 (Class I)



3.4 (Closed Circuit Operation)
1 1 (Class I Division 1)
1 2 (Class I Division 2)

/ 3.3

Solvents

Solvents

3.3 1

3-4

3.5 (Pressurized Room)

(Explosion Proof)

3.4

Solvents

Solvents

3.4 1

3.6 (Inert Gas)

3
(Inert Gas)

3-5

Solvents

Solvents

3.5
3.7 (Suction at Source)

(Air Duct)


3.6

Solvents

Solvents

3.6

3-6

3.8

1 2 (Class I Division 2)

Closed drums of solvents

Closed drums of solvents

e

3.7

3.8

3-7

3.9
1

3.10

3-8

3.11

3-9

3
1.

2.

3.

4.1
Zone 0 Intrinsically Safe [ia]


(Barrier)

Zenor Diode

4-1

4.1
4.2

1.
50 .

2.

50 .

3.
50 .

4-2

4.

0.25
5. (Barrier)

6.

7.

4.3
4.3.1 1 1 (Class I Division I) -

(1)

ANSI
UL

MI (Mineral Insulated
Cable)

4-3

4.2 MI (Mineral Insulated Cable)

(2)

5
(3)
()

457
. (18 )
40 . (1 )

()
50 . (2 )
40 .
() 1 1

1 1
1 1
305 . (12 )

4-4

()
()



()

()

4.3

4-5

(4)
()
()
93
()

16 (5/8 )
()

(5)

()
()
()
()

()

()

(6) 1 1
(Surge Arrester)

..2545
1 1
(Purge and Pressurized)
(7)

..2545
(8)
..2545

4-6

(9)


..2545

4.4
1 2 (-)
(1)
() 1 1
() (Enclosed
Glasketed Busway or Wireway)

(2)
()

5
(3)
()
4.3.1 (3) () ()
(2)
() 1 2
4.3.1 (3) ()
()
()
4.3.1 (3) ()

4-7

()

198 1,493
()
()

1 2

1
2
()
1 2

()
4.3.1 (3) ()
()
4.3.1 (3) ()
(4) 4.3.1 (4)
(5) 4.3.1 (5)
(6) 4.3.1 (6)
(7) 4.3.1 (7)
(8)
4.3.1 (8)
(9) 4.3.1 (9)

4-8

4.5
4.3.2 - (Zone)
(-)
2

(1)

()

()
(Type of Protection)

4-9

()

()

()

()


(Epoxy) (Heat Shrinkable
Tube)
(2) 1 0
0
(1)
()
ia ()

() 0
0
() 0
(Surge Protection)
() 1.0
0
10 4.0
()

(3) 1 1 2

()
.11-2531 6, 7, 8, 9, 14 15 CV

4-10

()

1.0 ..
(4) d (Flameproof Enclosure)

()

() Ex d

()


e
()
-
-
-

-
-
(5) e (Increased Safety)

() e

IP54

4-11

(1) IP54

(2) 6 .

()

(6) I (Intrinsic Safety)

()
Screen

()

-
-

-
()

()

(7) p (Pressurized
Apparatus)
()
1.5

200 (2 )

4-12

() (Protective Gas)

()

()


1

NEC

4.6 1

4-13

45
45

4.7 (Sealing Fitting)

(Safety
Area)

4.8 Sealing Fitting

() Sealing Fitting 1
() Sealing Fitting

4-14

30

4.9

CENELEC 2

4.10

4-15

IEC
(Armor)

4.11

(Cable Grand)

4-16

4.12

4-17

4.4
4.1

Increased Safety EEx e

e
Flameproof d EEx d

Flameproof d EEx d

Intrinsic Safe i
and
Flameproof d

EEx i
EEx d

Flameproof d EEx d

Increased Safety EEx e

e
Flameproof d EEx d

4-18

Increased Safety EEx e

e

Flameproof d EEx d

Increased Safety EEx e

e

Flameproof d EEx d

Increased Safety EEx e

e

Flameproof d EEx d

Motor
Starter

Flameproof d EEx d

4-19

Increase Safety
e

EEx e

Flameproof d

EEx d

Electronic
Siren

Nonincendive n EEx n

Alarm
Siren

Nonincendive n EEx n

4-20

Flameproof d EEx d

Increased Safety EEx ed

e Flameproof
d

Flameproof d EEx d+e

Increased Safety
e

Round
Box
Pull Box

Increased Safety Class

I,DivI,DivII,
e d
Group C,D
Flameproof d Class
e
I,DivI,DivII,
Group C,D

4-21

Sealing
Fitting

Flameproof d
e

Class
I,DivI,DivII,
Group C,D

Flameproof d
e

Class
I,DivI,DivII,
Group C,D

Flameproof d Class
e
I,DivI,DivII,
Group C,D

Increased Safety Class

e d
I,DivI,DivII,
Group C,D

Flameproof d Class
e
I,DivI,DivII,
Group C,D
Increased Safety Class
e d
I,DivI,DivII,
Group C,D

Push
Button

Increased Safety Class

e d
I,DivI,DivII,
Group C,D

4-22

Junction
Box

Flameproof d Class
e
I,DivI,DivII,
Group C,D

Flameproof d Class
e
I,DivI,DivII,
Group C,D
Flameproof d Class
e
I,DivI,DivII,
Group C,D

4-23

(Static Electricity) (Static Charge)

(Explosion Protection)

5.1

(Matter)
(Compound)
(Element) (Molecule)

(Atom)
(Neutron)
(Protron) (Electron)
(Valence Shell)
(Valence Electron) (Negative
Charge) (Positive Charge)

,
,

(Electromagnetic
Field) (Triboelectric)

5-1

(Conductive Material)
(Insulating Material)


(Surface Charge)

5.2
3 /




5.2.1 (Accumulation of Charge)

(Conductivity) picoSiemens/meter (ps/m)
25 ps/m

5-2

50 ps/m
(Non-accumulator Oils)
50 ps/m (Accumulator Oils)
(Non-accumulator Oils)
- (Crude oils)
- (Black diesel oils)
- (Residual fuel oils)
- (Asphalts)

(Accumulator Oils)
(Natural gasolines)
(Jet fuels)
(Kerosenes)
(Heating oils)
(White spirits)
(Clean diesel oils)
(Motor and aviation gasolines)
(Lubricating oils)

5.2.2 (Electrostatic Discharge : ESD)


(Air Gap)
(Ionization)




5.1

5-3

5.1
Flammable Material
Acetylene
Hydrogen
Ethylene
Methane
: Bureau of Mines RI 5671

Minimum Ignition Energy

Milijoules (Miliwatt Seconds)
0.017
0.017
0.08
0.3

5.3 (Prevention of Spark Discharge)

(Bonding and Grounding)

5-4

CHARGED AND UNCHARGED BODIES INSULATED FROM

+++
+++

Ground

5.1
CHARGED AND UNCHARGED BODIES INSULATED FROM

+++

Bond Wire

+++

Ground
5.2 Bonding
CHARGED AND UNCHARGED BODIES INSULATED FROM

Bond Wire

Ground

5.3 Grounding

5-5

Bonding ( 5.4 - 5.5)

Bonding Grounding

5.4 Bonding

5-6

5.5

5.6 Heavy Duty Clamp with Tungsten Carbide Contact

5-7

5.7 Medium Duty Clamp Stainless Steel

5.8 Medium Duty Cast Aluminium Clamp

5.9 Clamp Type C big bag

5-8

5.10 C-Clamp Bonding

5.11 Pipe Clamp Bonding Grounding

5-9

5.12 Screwdown Clamp

5.13

5-10

5.14

5.15

5-11

(National Electrical Code :NEC )

NEC
1

IMC

NEC

Sealing Fitting

1. (Explosion Proof)
2. (Intermediate Metal Conduit : IMC )
5
3. Sealing Fitting Compound

18

-1

NEC
1

Sealing Fitting

Sealing Fitting

Sealing Fitting

1. (Explosion
Proof)
2. (Intermediate Metal Conduit : IMC )
5
3. Sealing Fitting Compound

18

-2

NEC
1 2
1 1 Sealing Fitting Compound

NEC

1.

1
2. (Intermediate Metal Conduit : IMC )
5
3. Sealing Fitting Compound
1

-3

Checklist

 Flash Point

Class I, Division 2
Zone 2

10 ./

1000 ./

Class I, Division 1
Zone 0

10 1000 ./

Class I, Division 1
Zone 1

-1

Flameproof d
Purge/Pressurized p

/
/

Explosion proof

Flameproof d
Intrinsically Safe [ia], [ib]
Purge/Pressurized p

Intrinsically Safe [ia]

:
:
:
:
:

:
:
:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
:

- 1

/ .......................................................
(Flammable Gasses and Vapors)
[ ] Group A:
Acetylene
[ ] Group B:
Butadiene
[ ] Group C:
Acetaldehyde
Ethylene
Methyl Mercaptan
[ ] Group D:
Acetone
Butane
Ethyl Chloride
Isopentane
Methyl Alcohol
Octanes
Propylene
Xylenes

Ethylene oxcide

Hydrogen

Propylene oxcide

Cyclopropane
Hydrogen Cyanide

Di-ethyl ether
Hydrogen Sulfide

Dimethyl hydrazine
Methyl Ether

Ammonia
Butylene
Gasoline
Isopropyl Acetate

Amyl Alcohol
Ethane
Hexanes
Liquified Petroleum
Gas (LPG)
Natural gas
Pentanes
Turpentine

Benzene
Ethanol
Isobutene
Methane

Napthalene
Paint solvents
Toluene

Neopentane
Propane
Vinyl chloride

- 2


1. :

2. Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) 1

3. (Auto-Ignition Temperature) 1
:
....
4. Vapor Density 1 :

(Temperature Classes)
(Maximum operating Temperature of
device)
[ ] Class T1
[ ] Class T2
[ ] Class T2A
[ ] Class T2B
[ ] Class T2C
[ ] Class T2D

450C

300C

280C

260C

230C

215C

- 3

[ ] Class T3
[ ] Class T3A
[ ] Class T3B
[ ] Class T3C
[ ] Class T4
[ ] Class T4A
[ ] Class T5
[ ] Class T6

200C

180C

165C

160C

135C

120C

100C

85C

- 4

Class I, Division 1 (Zone 0): (Flammable atmosphere)

[ ] Intrinsically safe Ex ia .
[ ]
[ ]
Class I, Division 1 (Zone 1): (Flammable atmosphere)

[ ] Intrinsically safe Ex ia .
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] Intrinsically safe Ex ib .
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] Flameproof Ex d
.
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] pressurized Ex p
.
[ ]
[ ]
Class I, Division 2 (Zone 2): (Flammable atmosphere)
/
[ ] Intrinsically safe Ex ia .
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] Intrinsically safe Ex ib .
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] Flameproof Ex d
.
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] pressurized Ex p
.
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] Encapsulation Ex m
.
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] Sand Filling Ex q
.
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] Nonincendive Ex n
.
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] Increased safety Ex e .
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] Oil Immerse Ex o
.
[ ]
[ ]

- 5

[ ] RSC, IMC (5 fully threaded) .

[ ] Armored Cable
..
[ ] Non-Armored Cable
..

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

[
[
[
[
[

]
]
]
]
]

[
[
[
[
[

]
]
]
]
]

[
[
[
[
[

[
[
[
[
[

]
]
]
]
]

Anti-Static Blower
Positive Pressured
Gas Detector

[
[
[
[
[

- 6

]
]
]
]
]

]
]
]
]
]

[
[
[
[
[

]
]
]
]
]

1.
2.

3.
(Bonding)
4.

5.
(Bonding) (Grounding)
6.

7. (MSDS)
8.
9.

- 7


1.

2.

(Explosion Proof)
3.

4.
5. (Oxidizing Agents)

6.
7.
8. (First in-first out)

(Explosion Proof)
1.

2. (NYY MI)
3. (Junction Box)

4.

5.

- 8

1.
, :
2. Electrical Installation in Hazardous Locations, Peter J. Schram and Mark W. Earley,
National Fire Protection Association, June 1993
3. National Electrical Codes (NEC), NFPA Battery March Park, Quincy MA, 1990 Edition
4. NFPA Handbook of the National Electrical Code (Fourth Edition), Wilford I. Summers
5. National Electrical Codes Handbook Twenty-fourth Edition Conforms to the 2000 NEC,
Joseph F. Mc Partland and Brian J. Mc Partland, Mc Graw Hills
6. Basics of Explosion Protection, R. Stahl Schaltgerate GMBH, A Company of the R.
STAHL Technology Group
7. Ex-Magazine 2003 (Magazine for the installers and operators of explosion protected
electrical installations), R.STAHL Schaltgerate GmbH
8. Electrical Equipment Design for Use in Hazardous Locations, Mark C. Ode (Staff
Engineering Associate Uderwriters Laboratories Inc., December 1999
9. The Quest for Change in North America Codes and Standards Changes in Pursuit of a
Harmonized System, Marty Cole and Jeffrey S Stoyanov, http://www.hubble-canada.com
10. Explosion Protection (Process Automation), SIEMENS, October 2003
11. Ex Digest 2004, Cooper Crouse-Hinds, http://www.crouse-hinds.com
12. Technical Guide Hazardous Area Reference, Classifications, and Enclosure Data, NRL
Lighting Product
13. Guidelines on Preventation and Control of Chemical Hazard, Ministry of MANPOWER
14. Hazardous Location Wiring Methods Simplified, http://www.summit.com
15. Fundamentals of ESD, http://www.esda.org
16. Electrostatics and Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers, Ian Pavey of Chilworth
Technology Ltd: Paper published in Chemical Processing Technology International,
1996
17. Ensuring Proper Ventilation of Paint Mixing Rooms in Auto Refinish Shops,
http://www.epa.gov

-1

18. Static Protection Through Bonding and Grounding, Micheal J. Johnston, IAEI News: The
Magazine May/June 2004
19. Static Electricity as a Hazard in Industry, Ir. G. F. M. Van Laar: Stuvex International,
Belgium, http://www.edpsciences.org
20. Triboelectric Generation: Getting Charged, Ryne C. Allen, http://www.esdjournal.com
21. Static Electric Discharge Hazard on Bulk Oil Tank Vessels (Phase 1 Report), Michael G.
Dyer: The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, www.purgit.com/static.html

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