Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the study of energy. OR Thermodynamics is the study of the movement of heat from one body to another and the relations between heat and other forms of energy. OR Thermodynamics is the study of the connection between heat and work and the conversion of one into the other.
Units of Heat
Calorie A calorie is
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1oC. 1 kcal = 1000 cal The calorie is outdated and commonly replaced by the SI-unit Joule.
Joule
The unit of heat in the SI-system the Joule is The mechanical energy which must be expended to raise the temperature of a unit weight (2 kg) of water from 0oC to 1oC, or from 32oF to 33oF. 1 J (Joule) = 9.478 10-4 Btu
HW Due Oct
st 1
Investigate and determine the answer to these questions: 1. How can I take the energy from a camp fire and use it to cool my ice chest? 2. How does a jet engine move an airplane?
Potential Energy:
Consider a book sitting on a table. The book is said to have "potential energy" because if it is nudged off, gravity will accelerate the book, giving the book kinetic energy. Therefore, it has potential.
How is energy transported from place to place and transferred between objects?
The most obvious and trivial way in which energy is transported is when an object that possesses energy simply moves from one place to another. For example, a baseball flying through the air is a simple form of energy transport.
HEAT
There are three important ways that heat energy can be transported or transferred, called conduction, convection, and radiation. The first two refer to transfer of the thermal energy, whereas the last is really a conversion of energy to a different form, (photons of light) and the subsequent travel (transport) of those photons.
Conduction
The "diffusion" of thermal energy (heat) through a substance, which occurs because hotter molecules (those that are vibrating, rotating, or traveling faster), interact with colder molecules, and in the process transfer some of their energy. Metals are excellent conductors of heat energy, whereas things like wood or plastics are not good conductors of heat. Those that are not so good conductors are called insulators.
Convection
The transfer of heat energy by the movement of a substance, such as a heated gas or liquid from one place to another. For example, hot air rising to the ceiling is an example of convection (in this case called a convection current).
Radiation
In the context of heat transfer, however, the term "radiation" refers just to light (electromagnetic waves), and in particular, to the surprising fact that all objects, even those that are in equilibrium (at equal temperature) with their surroundings, continuously emit, or radiate electromagnetic waves (that is, light waves) into their surroundings. The source of this radiation is the thermal energy of the materials, that is, the movement of the object's molecules.
Conductionscorching your hand when you grab the handle of a hot pot Convectionboiling water Radiationstanding in front of your fireplace