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P.O Box 179, Mae Sod, Tak, 63110, Thailand. Tel: 66 (0) 81 7241 281. E-mail: ndddrd07@csloxinfo.com

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e0w uae etz tjzpf trnfajymif;vdkuf+yD;wJhaemufup+yD; AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$[m jrefrmhwyfrawmf

wckvHk;udk ol@pdwf}udKuf jyifqifajymif;vJr_awG jyKvkyfcJhygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$&J@toufu (64)
ESpf &dSaeyg+yD? 1956 wyfrawmftufOya't&qdk&if touf(60)ausmfwmeJ@ jrefrmhwyfrawmfrSm b,folrS wm0ef
qufvufxrf;aqmifcGifh r&dSygbl;? jrefrmhwyfrawmfordkif;udk jyef=unf@r,fqdk&ifvnf; *ENDpmcsKyft& 1945 ckESpf
pufwbFm(7)&ufae@rSm jyefvnfpkzGJ@cJhwJh tcsdefup+yD; 'Duae@txd umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfaygif; (7)OD;&dScJhwJhteuf
vuf&dS wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$uvGJvdk@ b,folrS touf(60)ausmfwJhtxd 'D&mxl;
udk qufvufzufwG,fxm;wmrsdK; rawG@cJh&ygbl;? ,kwfpGtqHk; acwfopfjrefrmhwyfrawmfordkif;rSm yxrqHk; ppftm
%m&Sif}uD;jzpfcJhwJh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;awmif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf&mxl;udk touf(60)ausmfwJhtxd xrf;
aqmifjcif; rjyKcJhygbl;? 'gayrJh jrefrmhwyfrawmf&J@ 'kwd,ppftm%m&Sif AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$uawmh touf(75)
ESpft&G,fudka&mufaewmawmif umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf&mxl;udk vufrv$wfao;bJ zufwG,fxm;wmawG@&ygw,f?
ppf+yD;acwf jrefrmhwyfrawmf&J@ yxrqHk;umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfjzpfcJhwJh u&ifvlrsdK; 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD; prpf'Gef;
(BC-5106) qdk&ifvnf; wm0efuz,f&Sm;cHvdkuf&wJh 1949 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv(31)&ufae@rSm touf(60) rjynf@ao;
wm awG@&ygw,f? ol@ae&mudkqufcHcJhwJh AdkvfcsKyfae0if;(BC-3502) qdk&ifvnf; 1962ckESpfrSm ppfwyfeJ@tm%m
odrf;cJhol jzpfwJhtwGuf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf&mxl;udk touf(60)ausmfwJhwdkifvufrv$wfyJ qufvufqkwfudkifoGm;
r,fqdk&if aumif;aumif;}uD; &EdkifayrJh 1972ckESpf {+yDv(20)&ufae@rSm ol@&J@ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf &mxl;
udk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;pef;,k(BC-3569)udk v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcJhwm awG@&ygw,f? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;&J@ arG;ouU&mZfu
(14-5-1911) jzpfwJhtwGuf ol@touf(60)jynf@wJhtcsdefrSm ppfpnf;urf;udk av;pm;vdkufema=umif;jywJhtaeeJ@
ol@&J@&mxl;udk pGef@v$wfcJhwmjzpfygw,f?
wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;pef;,k (arG;ouU&mZf 3-3-1918) uvnf; touf(60)rjynf@
cif 1974 ckESpf {+yDv(26)&ufae@rSm ol@&J@ &mxl;udk AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ol&wifOD; (BC-3651) xH v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcJhwm
awG@Edkifygw,f? wyfrawmfom;awGeJ@ jynfolawG&J@ av;pm;cspfcifr_udkcHcJh&wJhtwGuf ppftm%m&SifawGupdk;&drf+yD;
1976ckESpf rwfv(6)&ufae@rSm jzKwf/ xkwf/ &Sif; cHvdkufwJh wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ol&wifOD;&J@
arG;ouU&mZfu (12-3-1927) jzpfwma=umifh tJ'DtcsdefrSm ol@touf[m (50)awmif rjynf@ao;wmudk awG@Edkifyg
w,f? AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ol&wifOD;&J@&mxl;udk qufcHcJhwJh wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ol&ausmfxif (BC-
5332) uvnf; (1924) ckESpfrmS arG;zGm;cJholjzpfwJhtwGuf ol@touf(60)jynf@wJh 1985 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvrSm ol@&J@
&mxl;udk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmif (BC-6187) xH v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcJhwm awG@&ygw,f?
wu,fawmh ppftm%m&Sifvufopf AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$[m ol@q&mjzpfcJhwJh ppftm%m&Sifvuf
a[mif; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;avmuf owWda&m/ t&nftcsif;yg r&dSygbl;? oltm%m&vmwm ESpf(20)eD;yg;&dS+yD; t
oufuvnf; (75)ESpft&G,f a&mufaewmawmif/ ol@&J@ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf&mxl;udk atmufvlawGxH ,Hk=unf
pdwfcspGmeJ@ v$Jajymif; ray;&Jao;wmudk=unf@&if 'Dtcsufudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; awG@jrifEdkifygw,f? 'gayrJh AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;
oef;a&$[m aumufuspf,kwfrmwJhae&mrSmawmh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;xuf ydk+yD;tpGrf;xufwmudk awG@&ygw,f? ol@

NDD Weekly Inside News Commentary-342 Page 1

touf (60) ausmfvmwJhwdkifatmif umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf&mxl;udk rpGef@v$wfcsifao;wma=umifh 1997 ckESpfrSm
e0wuae etztjzpf trnfajymif;vdkuf+yD; oleJ@touft&G,f rwdrf;r,drf; vkyfaz:udkifzuf 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
w'gZifausmfudk wyfrawmftwGif;uae jzKwf/ xkwf/ &Sif;vif;ypfcJhygw,f? topfjyifqifzGJ@pnf;cJhwJh etz ppfaumif
pDeJ@ 0ef}uD;tzGJ@xJrSm ol@wynf@ trsm;tjym;udk xdk;xnf@ ae&may;cJh+yD; oluawmh wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf
&mxl;tygt0if xdyfqHk;u vkyfydkifcGifhtm%mtm;vHk;udk qufvuf&,l xdrf;csKyfxm;cJhygw,f? ol@wynf@awGu
ol@udk ruvefEdkifatmif vkyfwJhtaeeJ@vnf; ae&mopfawGeJ@ &mxl;opfawG trsm;tjym;udk wDxGifzefwD;+yD; cGJa0
ay;tyfcJhwm awG@&ygw,f?
rlv e0wppfaumifpDrSm twGif;a&;rSL;(1)eJ@(2)om xm;&dScJh&mu topfzGJ@pnf;vdkufwJh etzppfaumifpDrSm
twGif;a&;rSL;(3)qdkwJh ae&mopfwckudk xyfrHwDxGifzefwD;cJh+yD; ol@wynf@jzpfwJh ppfa&;csKyf 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;0if;jrifh
(BC-8809)udk yl;wGJudkifcdkif;cJhygw,f? 'Dvdk vkyfvdkufjcif;tm;jzifh 'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD;0if;jrifh[m etztzGJ@rSm (5)OD;ajrmuf
tm%mt&dS qHk;yk*~dKvfjzpfvm+yD; 1988 ckESpfupvdk@ twGif;a&;rSL; (1)eJ@ (2) &mxl;awGudk&,lxm;cJh=uwJh 'kwd,Adkvf
csKyf}uD; cif!Gef@eJ@ 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD; wifOD;wdk@&J@ vkyfydkifcGifhtm%meJ@ =oZmt&dSeft0gawGudkvnf; av#mhenf;usqif;
oGm;apcJhygw,f? AdkvfcsKyf0if;jrifh[m 1988 vlxkta&;awmfyHk}uD;udk &uf&ufpufpuf ypfcwfowfjzwf acsr_ef;&mrSm
a&S@wef;u wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhwJh wyfr(11)&J@ vufr&GH@wyfrSL;jzpfcJholrdk@ AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf
jzpfvmwJh 1992 ckESpfrSm taemufydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wkdif;rSL;tjzpf ajymif;a&$@cef@tyfcJh+yD; 1995 ckESpfrmS ppfa&;csKyf
tjzpfeJ@ ol@teD;udk ac:,lxm;cJhwmjzpfygw,f?
umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme&dSygv#ufeJ@ AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD; oef;a&$[m 1997 ckESpf etzacwfrSm wyfrawmfa&;&m
0ef}uD;Xmeqdkwmudk wDxGifzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD; ol@wynf@wOD;jzpfwJh ppfaxmufcsKyf 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;wifvS (BC-8752)
udk yl;wGJudkifcdkif;cJhygw,f? 'ghtjyif aemufwESpft=um 1998 ckEpS f Edk0ifbmv (14)&ufae@rmS 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyf &m
xl;udkyg yl;wGJudkifcdkif;cJhjcif;tm;jzifh 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;wifvSudk etztzGJ@rSm (6)OD;ajrmuf tm%mt&dSqHk;yk*~dKvf jzpf
vmapcJhygw,f? 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD; wifvS [mvnf; 1988 vlxkta&;awmfyHk}uD;udk &uf&ufpufpuf ypfcwfowf
jzwfacsr_ef;&mrSm a&S@wef;uwufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhwJh wyfr(22)&J@ vufr&GH@wyfrSL;jzpfcJholrdk@ AdkvfcsKyfrLS ;}uD;oef;a&$
umuG,f a&;OD;pD;csKyfjzpfvmwJh 1992 ckESpfrSm taemufawmifwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wkdif;rSL;tjzpf ajymif;a&$@cef@tyfcJh+yD;
1995 ckESpf rSm ppfaxmufcsKyftjzpfe@J ol@teD;udk ac:,lxm;cJhwmjzpfygw,f?
wu,fawmh etzppfaumifprD Sm twGif;a&;rSL;(3)OD;txd cef@tyfp&mrvdkbJ wOD;wnf;eJ@wif vHkavmuf
w,fqdkwmudk 'Duae@ wOD;wnf;aomtwGif;a&;rSL;jzpfwJh 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD; oD[ol& wifatmifjrifOD;u ouf
aojyaeygw,f? twGif;a&;rSL;&mxl;awG azgif;yGaewm[m ol@wynf@ukd,hfwynf@awGudk ae&may;zdk@eJ@ tcsif;csif;
tm%mcsdefcGifv$mxdrf;!dSzdk@twGuf &nf&G,fjyKvkyfae=uwm jzpfEdkifygw,f? 2001 ckESpf azaz:0g&Dv(19)&ufae@rSm
&[wf,mOfysufus+yD; aoqHk;oGm;cJhwJh twGif;a&;rSL;(2) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;wifOD;&J@ae&mudk (2)ESpfeD;yg;=umatmif
vpfvyfxm;cJh+yD;rS 2003 ckESpf azaz:0g&Dv(1)&ufae@rSm AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$&J@ vl,HkawmfwOD;jzpfwJh ava=umif;
&efumuG,fa&;XmecsKyfrSL; 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;pdk;0if;udk tJ'Dwm0ef yl;wGJay;tyfcJhwm awG@&ygw,f? 'gayrJh vmbfpm;
r_ pGJcsufawGeJ@ 2001 ckESpf Edk0ifbm(9)&ufae@rSm jzKwf/ xkwf/ &Sif; cHvdkuf&wJh twGif;a&;rSL;(3) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
0if;jrifh&J@ ae&mudkawmh tcktcsdefxd tpm;xdk;cef@tyfjcif;rjyKawmhyJ jyefvnfzsufodrf;vdkufwm awG@&ygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD; oef;a&$[m ol@tm%mwnf+rJa&;twGufqdk&if wu,frvdktyfyJeJ@ wyfrawmfeJ@ 0ef}uD;tzGJ@
awG&J@ zGJ@pnf;yHkawGudk wdk;vdkufav#mhvdkufeJ@ olvkyfcsifovdk vkyfcJhwJhom"uawG trsm;tjym;&dScJhygw,f? 1997 ckESpf
Edk0ifbmvrSm e0wuae etztjzpf ajymif;vJzGJ@pnf;cJhpOfu jzKwfxkwfz,f&mS ;cHvdkuf&wJh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;wpkudk
,m,DESpfodrf@zdk@}udK;pm;wJhtaeeJ@ “t}uHay;tzGJ@”qdk+yD; zGJ@pnf;ay;cJhayrJh (7)vrjynf@cif tJ'DtzGJ@udk jyefvnfzsuf
odrf;ypfcJhwm awG@&ygw,f? tvm;wl 0ef}uD;tzGJ@rSmvnf; 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyfawGudk (3)OD;txdxm;vdkuf aemufjyef
zsufvdkuf/ wyfrawmfa&;&m0ef}uD;Xmeqdk+yD; ckzGJ@vdkuf aemufzsufvdkuf/ etzOuUX&Hk; 0ef}uD;/ 0ef}uD;csKyf&Hk; 0ef}uD;/
'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyf&Hk; 0ef}uD;/ qdkwmawGudkvnf; 2OD;pD/ 3OD;pD cef@xm;vdkuf jyefzsufypfvdkufeJ@ jzpf§ysuf oHo&mvnf
aewmudk awG@&ygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$[m (de facto) tpdk;&jzpfwJh etzppftpdk;&&J@ 0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;udkvnf; &,lxm;cJh
ayrJh oludk,fwdkif EdkifiHwumtpdk;&awGeJ@qufqH&rSmudk pdk;&drfa=umufvef@aewma=umifh 1997 ckESpf e0wu etz
trnfudk ajymif;vJcJhwJhtcsdefrSm umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf(a&) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD; armifarmifcifeJ@ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf
(av) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD; wifxGef; wdk@udk wef;+yD;jzKwfrypfao;bJ 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyfawGtjzpfeJ@ ol@atmufrSm cef@tyf

NDD Weekly Inside News Commentary-342 Page 2

wm0efay;cJhwJhtjyif aemufwESpft=umrSm 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD; wifvS udkyg 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyftjzpfeJ@ cef@tyf wm0ef
ay;cJhwma=umifh 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyf (3)OD;txd&dScJhwm jzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh tJ'D 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyf(3)OD;vHk;udk 2001 ckESpf
Edk0ifbm(9)&ufae@rSm etz wGif;(3) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD; 0if;jrifheJ@twl wokwfwnf; jzKwf/ xkwf/ &Si;f ypfcJh+yD;aemuf
ydkif;rSm 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyfqdkwm wa,mufrSr&dSawmhovdk/ wyfrawmfa&;&m0ef}uD;Xmeqdkwmvnf; wcgwnf; =uuf
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0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;udkvnf; vufrv$wf&J/ xrf;aqmif&zdk@vnf; 0efav;aewJh AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$[m 2003
ckESpf 'DyJ,if;vlowfyGJ}uD;t+yD;rSm EdkifiHwumtpdk;&awGeJ@ &ifqdkif&rSmudk ydkrdka=umufvef@vmwma=umifh 'Dwm0efudk
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@xH ycHk;v$Jay;zdk@ qHk;jzwfcJhygw,f? wcsufckwfESpfcsufjywfoabmeJ@ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@udkvnf; ppf
&Hk;csKyfu t+yD;tydkif armif;xkwfypfzdk@ }uHpnfcJh=uygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyfwOD;&J@ wm0ef}uD;av;r_awGudk ta=umif;jy+yD;
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awmh v$Jray;Edkifbl;vdk@ tjywfajymcJhwJhtwGuf wif;rmr_awG jzpfcJh=u&ygw,f?
'gayrJh AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$[m oludk,fwdkif aemufuG,fu uGyfuJaqmif&GufcJhwJh 'DyJ,if;vlowfyGJudpP
a=umifh EdkifiHwumzdtm;awG tqrwefjrifhwufaecsdefrdk@ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@eJ@ tay;t,lvkyfaps;qpfaezdk@ tcsdefr&
cJhygbl;? 'ga=umifh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@udk r,Hk=unf/ rauseyfayrJh ol@&J@0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;udk 2003 ckESpf =o*kwfv(25)
&ufae@rSm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@udk v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcJhygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;xuf ydktm%m&dSwJh umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;
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0ef}uD;csKyfjzpfvm&wJh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;t}uD;tuJ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@uvnf; ol@udk,fol yGJxkwfzdk@}udK;
pm;wJhtaeeJ@ ol@&J@r[mAsL[mavhvma&;Xmeu jyKpka&;qGJwifjyxm;wJh etz&J@EdkifiHa&;vrf;jyajryHk (Road Map)
(7)csufudk ol0ef}uD;jzpfwJhae@rSm oludk,fwdkif zwf=um;toHv$ifhzdk@ pDpOfcJhayrJh AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$ u wm;jrpfcJhwJh
twGuf =o*kwfv(30)&ufae@a&mufrS xkwfjyefcJh&ygw,f? AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD; oef;a&$[m AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@&J@ ta&;
ygwJh etztwGif;a&;rSL;(1)&mxl;udk ol@vl,Hk wynf@&if;wOD;jzpfwJh twGif;a&;rSL;(2)ylylaEG;aEG; 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
pdk;0if; udk v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcJh+yD; twGif;a&;rSL;(2)&mxl;udkawmh aemufxyfvl,Hkwynf@&if;wOD;jzpfwJh ppfa&;csKyf
'kwd, AdkvfcsKyf}uD;odef;pdef udk yl;wGJudkifcdkif;cJhjcif;tm;jzifh ta&;ygwJhae&mrSefor# ol@vlawGeJ@tpm;xdk;+yD; xdrf;csKyf
xm;cJha=umif; oHk;oyfwifjyvdkuf&ygw,f? ?

End of report /Sunday, August 24, 2008

'Drdkua&pDESifhzGH‹òz;wdk;wufa&;tiftm;pk/ okawoeESifh rSwfwrf;wifXmerS xkwfa0jzef‹csdonf?
Documentation and Research Department (NDD)

NDD Weekly Inside News Commentary-342 Page 3