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Generator Capability Curve: by Prof. C. Radhakrishna
Generator Capability Curve: by Prof. C. Radhakrishna
By Prof. C. Radhakrishna
CONTENTS
GENERATOR CAPABILITY CURVE Reactive Capability Curves Armature current limit Field current limit End region heating limit Generator Characteristics
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E t I t (cos j sin )
where is the power factor angle.
Therefore, in the P-Q plane the armature current limit, as shown in Figure 1, appears as a circle with centre at the origin and radius equal to the MVA rating.
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The constant field current locus may be developed by the steady-state equivalent circuit developed earlier. With Xd=Xq=Xs , the equivalent circuit of Steady-state model gives the relationship between Et, It and Eq (equal to Xadifd). The corresponding phasor diagram, with Ra neglected, is shown in Figure 2.
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X ad P E t I t cos E t i fd sin i Xs
2 t
The relationship between the active and reactive powers for a given field current is a circle centred at ( ) on the Q-axis E t2 / X and with as the radius. Therefore, sthe effect of the X ad / current maximum( field X s ) E t i fd rating on the capability of the machine may be illustrated on the P-Q plane as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Field current heating limit In any balanced design, the thermal limits for the field and armature intersect at a point A, which represents the machine nameplate MVA and power factor rating.
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The above limits on the operation of the generator are those imposed by the capabilities of the machine itself and are determined by the design of the machine. Additional limits may be imposed by power system stability limits.
Generator Characteristics
During conditions of low-system voltages, the reactive power demand on generators may exceed their field current and/or armature current limits. When the reactive power output is limited, the terminal voltage is no longer maintained constant. On most generators, the armature current limit is realized manually by operators responding to alarms. The operator reduces reactive and/or active power output to bring the armature current within safe limits. On some generators, automatic armature current limiters with time delay are used to limit reactive power output through the AVR.
REFERENCES : [ 1 ] Prabha Kundur : Power System Stability and control , The EPRI Power System Engineering Series, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994.
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CONCLUSIONS
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THANK YOU
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