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Weight Chart
Weight Chart
t
f
t
2
t
1
m
Imaginary Circle
of diameter
Paper by Dr. Mohan Gupta - for possible publication in January 2006 issue of Steel in
Construction
Page 3 of 7
and for I shapes with parallel flanges (0 degrees slope)
2
w w w
1
2 2
f f
f f
t t .R t R
0.0420 0.2200 0.1360 0.0865 0.0725
t t
t t
= + +
(5)
Darwish and Johnston (1965) suggest that the expression for for intermediate flange slopes
may be found out by linear interpolation between
2
and
1
as given above. This expression for
Indian Standard medium weight beams that have a flange slope of 8 degrees is:
2
w w w
2 2
2 2
2 2
t t .R t R
0.0772 0.2487 0.1284 0.0815 0.0837
t t
t t
= + +
(6)
Further,
2 3 4
s
V 0.1050 0.1000S 0.0848S 0.0675S 0.0515S = + + + +
(7)
2 w
w
t
(F m) t R
4
F R m
| |
+ + +
|
\
=
+ +
(8)
w
2
t 1
F RS 1 1
2R
S
| |
= + |
|
\
(9)
1
f
2(m t )
S
b
=
(10)
Thus, it is obvious that the equation for torsional constant for tapered flange beam sections is
very much involved, even though it ignores toe radius. The expression for , and hence the
torsional constant, for other Indian Standard beams and columns / heavy weight beams may also
be computed based on the equations presented above. These values are not presented here for
brevity. The flange slopes for some I sections listed in IS : 808 - 1989 are given in Table 1.
Section Flange Slope (Degrees)
Indian Standard junior beams (ISJB) 1.5
Indian Standard light weight beams (ISLB)
1.5 for depths upto 200 mm
8.0 for depths greater 200 mm
Indian Standard wide flange beams (ISWB) 6
Indian Standard heavy weight beam (ISHB) 4
Table 1: Flange Slopes for Indian Standard Tapered Flange Beam Sections
INDIAN STANDARD MEDIUM WEIGHT CHANNELS
Local buckling ratio for the flange is computed as b/t
f
and is very frequently required for checking
the section classification. Here, b is equal to the flange width b
f
and t
f
is the mean thickness of
the flange.
Local buckling ratio for the web is computed as d/t
w
and is very frequently required for checking
the section classification. Here, d is the depth between root fillets and t
w
is the thickness of the
web.
Paper by Dr. Mohan Gupta - for possible publication in January 2006 issue of Steel in
Construction
Page 4 of 7
Warping Constant is given as:
2
2 2 w w
w f f f 0 f 0 z
t t 1
I t b b 3E (h t ) E I
6 2 2
| | | | | |
= +
| | |
\ \ \
(11)
where,
( )
2
w
f f
0
w
f f w f
t
t b
2
E
t 1
2t b t h t
2 3
| |
| |
|
|
| \
=
|
| |
| +
|
|
\
\
(12)
Torsional constant is given as:
( )( )
( )
2 2 3 3 4 4 4
t f w 1 2 1 2 w 2 2 w s 1 2
1 2 1
I b t t t t t t t .(h 2t ).t 2 2V t 0.210t
6 3 3
| | | |
= + + + + +
| |
\ \
(13)
where for Channels with flange slopes of 1 in 6 (9.46 degrees slope)
2
w w w
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
t t .R t R
0.1330 0.3020 0.1400 0.1070 0.0956
t t
t t
= + +
(14)
and for Channels with parallel flanges (0 degrees slope)
2
w w w
1
2 2
f f
f f
t t .R t R
0.0908 0.2620 0.1230 0.0752 0.0945
t t
t t
= + +
(15)
Figure 3: Notations for Indian Standard Medium Weight Channels with Tapered Flanges
h
d
h
s
=
h
t
f
6
t
w
t
f
b
f
y
y
z z
R
r
eq eq
t
1
t
2
Shear Centre
E
0
t
w
/2
Paper by Dr. Mohan Gupta - for possible publication in January 2006 issue of Steel in
Construction
Page 5 of 7
The expression for (by linear interpolation between
2
and
1
) for Indian Standard medium
weight channels that have a flange slope of 6 degrees is:
2
w w w
2 2
2 2
2 2
t t .R t R
0.1176 0.2874 0.1338 0.0954 0.0952
t t
t t
= + +
(16)
Further,
2 3 4
s
V 0.1050 0.1000S 0.0848S 0.0675S 0.0515S = + + + +
(17)
( ) ( )( )
w w
2 3R t F 2 2R t 2R F
(
= + + + +
(
(18)
2
F t R(1 S 1 S) = + +
(19)
2 1
f w
t t
S
b t
(20)
Thus, it is obvious that the expressions for warping and torsional constants for tapered flange
channel sections are very much involved, even though it ignores toe radius. The expression for ,
and hence the torsional constant, for other Indian Standard channels may also be computed
based on the equations presented above. These values are not presented here for brevity. The
flange slopes for some channel sections listed in IS : 808 - 1989 are given in Table 2:
Section Flange Slope (Degrees)
Indian Standard junior channels (ISJC) 1.5
Indian Standard light weight channels (ISLC)
1.5 for depths upto 200 mm
6.0 for depths greater 200 mm
Indian Standard medium weight parallel
flange channels (ISMCP)
0
Table 2: Flange Slopes for Indian Standard Channel Sections
Table 3 provides these additional sectional properties for Indian Standard medium weight beam
and channel sections, based on above equations.
In addition to above properties, plastic section modulus about the major and minor axis is also
tabulated, as these values are also required in limit state design. It is observed that, for MB
sections, the average major axis shape factor (Z
pz
/Z
ez
) is 1.12 and the average minor axis shape
factor (Z
py
/Z
ey
) is 1.69. These values for MC sections are 1.17 and 1.93 respectively.
CONCLUSION
This paper provides the approximate values of few additional properties for Indian standard
medium weight beam and channel sections with tapered flanges, for ready reference. The
equations for torsional and warping constant, presented here, are quite complex and it is not
practicable for practicing designers and budding engineers to compute it routinely. Other
properties, such as the local buckling ratios for the flange and web are not very time consuming
to compute, but are very frequently required in limit state design, are also presented here. In
addition to above properties, plastic section modulus about the major (z z) and minor (y y)
axis is also tabulated, as these values are also required in limit state design.
Paper by Dr. Mohan Gupta - for possible publication in January 2006 issue of Steel in
Construction
Page 6 of 7
It is suggested that the relevant code (IS : 808 - 1989) may be amended at the earliest, so as to
include these properties.
NOTATIONS
Symbol Description Units
b
f
Flange Width mm
d Depth between root fillets mm
h Overall depth of section mm
h
s
Distance between Centre to Centre of the two Flanges of the Cross-section mm
M Mass Kg/m
R
Root Radius mm
r
Toe Radius mm
t
f
Mean Thickness of Flange mm
t
w
Thickness of Web mm
I
z
Moment of Inertia about the Major (z z) Axis cm
4
I
y
Moment of Inertia about the Minor (y y) Axis cm
4
I
t
Torsional Constant of the Cross-section mm
4
I
w
Warping Constant of the Cross-section mm
6
Z
pz
Plastic Section Modulus about the Major (z z) Axis cm
3
Z
py
Plastic Section Modulus about the Minor (y - y) Axis cm
3
REFERENCES
El Darwish, I.A. and Johnston, B.G., Torsion of Structural Shapes, Proceedings of the American
Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of Structural Division, Vol. 91, No. ST1, pp. 203 228,
February 1965.
IS : 808 - 1989, Indian Standard on Dimensions for Hot Rolled Steel Beam, Column, Channel
and Angle Sections, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
IS : 800 (draft), Code of Practice for General Construction in Steel (Third Revision), Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi, India, November 2005.
IS : 800 - 1984, Code of Practice for General Construction in Steel (Second Revision), Bureau
of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
IS : 2062 - 1999, Steel for General Structural Purposes, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
India.
IS : 8500 - 1991, Structural Steel Micro-alloyed (Medium and High Strength Qualities), Bureau
of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
Nethercot, D.A., Salter, P.R. and Malik, A. S., Design of Members Subject to Combined Bending
and Torsion, SCI Publication 057, The Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, Berkshire, 1989.
Seaburg, P.A., and Carter, C. J., Torsional Analysis of Structural Steel Members, Steel Design
Guide Series No. 9, Second Printing, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Illinois,
October 2003.
SteelUK - Dimensions and Properties of UK structural Steel shapes, Techno Consultants Ltd.,
Manchester, England, November 2000.
Paper by Dr. Mohan Gupta - for possible publication in January 2006 issue of Steel in Construction
Page 7 of 7
Table 3: Additional Sectional Properties of Indian Standard Tapered Flange Medium Weight Beam and Channel Sections
Section modulus
Mass Area Depth Width
Web
Thk.
Flange
Thk.
Root
Radius
Toe
Radius
Flange
Slope
Moment
of Inertia
Plastic
Depth
between
Root Fillets
Local
Buckling
ratios
Torsional
Constant
Warping
Constant
M A h bf tw tf R r Iz Iy Zpz Zpy d It Iw
Designation
kg/m cm
2
mm mm mm mm mm mm cm
4
cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
mm
Flange Web
x 10
4
mm
4
x 10
9
mm
6
MB 100 11.5 14.60 100 75 4.0 7.2 9.0 4.5 8
257.5
40.8
58.65
18.3 65.0 5.2 16.2 2.95 0.88
MB 125 13.0 16.60 125 75 4.4 7.6 9.0 4.5 8
449.0
43.7
81.85
19.6 89.2 4.9 20.3 3.52 1.51
MB 150 14.9 19.00 150 80 4.8 7.6 9.0 4.5 8
726.4
52.6
110.48
22.4 113.9 5.3 23.7 4.00 2.67
MB 175 19.3 24.62 175 90 5.5 8.6 10.0 5.0 8
1272.0
85.0
166.08
32.2 134.5 5.2 24.5 6.56 5.88
MB 200 25.4 32.33 200 100 5.7 10.8 11.0 5.5 8
2235.4
150.0
253.86
50.0 152.7 4.6 26.8 12.49 13.42
MB 225 31.2 39.72 225 110 6.5 11.8 12.0 6.0 8
3441.8
218.3
348.27
66.4 173.3 4.7 26.7 18.32 24.81
MB 250 37.3 47.55 250 125 6.9 12.5 13.0 6.5 8
5131.6
334.5
465.71
89.8 194.1 5.0 28.1 25.02 47.17
MB 300 44.2 56.26 300 140 7.5 12.4 14.0 7.0 8
8603.6
453.9
651.74
110.7 241.5 5.6 32.2 29.99 93.86
MB 350 52.4 66.71 350 140 8.1 14.2 14.0 7.0 8
13630.3
537.7
889.57
129.7 288.0 4.9 35.6 42.38 151.58
MB 400 61.6 78.46 400 140 8.9 16.0 14.0 7.0 8
20458.4
622.1
1176.18
149.4 334.4 4.4 37.6 58.75 229.33
MB 450 72.4 92.27 450 150 9.4 17.4 15.0 7.5 8
30390.8
834.0
1533.36
186.8 379.2 4.3 40.3 79.83 390.19
MB 500 86.9 110.74 500 180 10.2 17.2 17.0 8.5 8
45218.3
1369.8
2074.67
259.5 424.1 5.2 41.6 101.57 798.24
MB 550 103.7 132.11 550 190 11.2 19.3 18.0 9.0 8
64893.6
1833.8
2711.98
327.6 467.5 4.9 41.7 147.59 1291.19
MB 600 122.6 156.21 600 210 12.0 20.8 20.0 10.0 8
91813.0
2651.0
3510.63
429.0 509.7 5.0 42.5 204.81 2223.34
MC 75 6.8 8.67 75 40 4.4 7.3 8.5 4.5 6