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Molecular Biology of Inheritance
Molecular Biology of Inheritance
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Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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RNA
RNA (ribonucleic acid) another polymer of nucleotides RNA differs from DNA
Has ribose as a sugar, not deoxyribose Has uracil in place of thymine
Figure 10.3C The uracil nucleotide in RNA replaces thymine in DNA
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During translation an RNA transcript directs the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
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Stop sequence causes RNA polymerase to stop transcribing the DNA and to release the mRNA molecule, called an mRNA transcript
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Function of Introns
Might allow exons to be put together in different sequences so that various mRNAs and proteins can result from a single gene Some introns might regulate gene expression by feeding back to determine which coding genes are to be expressed and how they should be spliced
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10.13 During translation, each transfer RNA carries a particular amino acid
transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules transfer amino acids to the ribosomes
Anticodon - a group of three bases that is complementary to a specific codon of mRNA at a ribosome
Wobble hypothesis - the first two positions in a tRNA anticodon pair obey the AU/GC configuration, but the third position can be variable
Helps ensure that, despite changes in DNA base sequences, the correct sequence of amino acids will result in a protein
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