GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

GSM-Positioning
Outdoorpostioning: Technologies, Characteristics and Limitations

Bohdan Dulya dulyab@informatik.uni-freiburg.de

19. Februar 2009

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Possible scenario

Example: a person is in an accident but precise location is unknown. How can the rescue team to nd location of this person? One possible solution: 911-operator localize the mobile phone of this person via GSM-positioning.

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Motivation

Why GSM-positioning? existent infrastrukture widespread technologie

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

GSM-Network

Mobile Station (MS) Base Tranceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Home Location Register (HLR) Authentication Center (AuC)

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

GSM-Positioning

Positioning architecturea mobile-based (a) network-based (b) hybrid (c)

a

LSC - location service center

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

Cell Of Origin (COO)

Position of mobile phone is the position of cell, in which the mobile phone is registered Cell size 100 m-35 km precision: 100 m-35 km

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

COO with Cell Sector (COO CS)

Extension of COO: position of mobile phone is the position of cell and sector, in which the mobile phone is registered Mostly 3 sectors ever 120 degree

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

COO with Cell Sector (COO CS)

precision: 100 m-35 km

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

COO with CS and Received Signal Strength

Extension of COO CS: measuring the signal strength of mobile phone in the sector precision: 100 m-20 km

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

generally

COO and modications of this + simple method + only one cell required + low modication on network - precision

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

generally

COO and modications of this passive self-positioning possible active positioning from BTS only when mobile phone is active BTS can activate the mobile phone with stille sms

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

Timing Advance (TA)

Timing advance value - when send MS the signal to BTS value 0 to 63 (equates 0 m-35 km) one unit 3,69 s equates 550 m

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

Angle Of Arrival (AOA)

Measuring the AOA of a signal from BTS at MS or the AOA of a signal from MS at BTS better precision 50 m-150 m extension required (antenna with angle measurement unit) only active mobile phone only remote positioning
Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight (RToF)

Measuring the propagation time the time of travel of signal between BTS and MS BTS sent a signal and wait for a response from MS

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight (RToF)

Signal from minimum 3 BTS required Precision is dependent on delay time on BTS/MS 50 m-150 m mobile phone must be active

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

Time Dierence Of Arrival (TDOA)

MS sent simultaneous signals to two or more BTS Each BTS compute the time dierence and convert this to distance to MS

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

Enhanced Observed Time Dierence (EOTD)

Two or more BTS sent simultaneous signals to MS MS compute the time dierence of each BTS and convert this to distance to BTS

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Timing Advance Angle Of Arrival Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight Time Dierence Of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Dierence

TDOA & EOTD

BTS must be exactly synchronised time delay of 1 s involve 150 m inaccuracy bias error possible when unsynchronised passive positioning possible

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Falsikation of signal

Abbildung: Reection

Abbildung: Refraction

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Falsikation of signal

Abbildung: Dispersion

Abbildung: Flexion

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

SignallingSystem#7

SignallingSystem#7 (SS7) Standardprotokoll of digital phonenetwork no authentication built in Mobile Application Part (MAP) - part of SS7 that species additional signalling

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

SignallingSystem#7

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

SignallingSystem#7

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

SignallingSystem#7

Successful request returns IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) global title of MSC you are using user error if phone is not available

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

SignallingSystem#7

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

SignallingSystem#7
New 3GPP standard will x this problem > home routing

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Precision of GSM-Positioning
Method Cell of Origin (COO) COO with Cell Sector COO with CS and Received Signal Strength Angle Of Arrival (AOA) Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight (RToF) Time Dierence Of Arrival (TDOA) Enhanced Observed Time Dierence (EOTD) Precision of GSM-Positioning Precision 100 m - 35 km 100 m - 35 km 100 m - 20 km 50 m - 150 m 50 m - 150 m 50 m - 150 m 50 m - 150 m

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning

GSM-Network GSM-Positioning Restrictions SignallingSystem#7 Conclusion

Questions???

Bohdan Dulya

GSM-Positioning