Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

6 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Activity MF = EM (line from centre ⊥ chord bisects chord)

= 8 cm
Activity 6.1 (p. 14)
2. (c) ∠AOB = 2∠APB
3. No matter where points B and P are, ∠AOB = 2∠APB. p. 9
(or any other reasonable answers) 1. ∵ ON = OM = 4 cm (given)
∴ CD = AB (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
Activity 6.2 (p. 25) = 7 cm
1. yes 2. yes 3. yes 4. yes CN = ND (line from centre ⊥ chord bisects chord)
1 
Activity 6.3 (p. 35) =  × 7  cm
∠A + ∠C = 180° 2 
3.
∠B + ∠D = 180° = 3.5 cm
4. The sum of the opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral is 180°. 2. PB = AP (line from centre ⊥ chord bisects chord)
= 4 cm
(line from centre ⊥ chord
Follow-up Exercise
bisects chord)
p. 3 ∴ AB = (2 × 4) cm
Element Term = 8 cm
AB • • minor arc ∵ OQ = OP = 2 cm (given) (given)
∴ BC = AB (chords equidistant from centre are equal)


region BCE • • major arc = 8 cm
∴ BC = AB (chords equidistant from
AFB • • diameter = 8 cm centre are equal)
AFB
QC = BQ
region BECFA • • chord 1  (line from centre ⊥ chord bisects chord)
=  × 8  cm

AB 
AB
• • major segment
2 
= 4 cm
(line from centre ⊥ chord
OB • • minor segment bisects chord)

region OBEC • • sector

AC • • radius
3. MB = AM (line from centre ⊥ chord bisects chord)
p. 7 MB = AM (line from centre ⊥ chord
1. MB = AM (line from centre ⊥ chord bisects chord) bisects chord)
= 8 cm AB = (2 × 5) cm
∴
= 10 cm
2. ∠OND = 90° (line joining centre to mid-pt. of CN = ND (line from centre ⊥ chord
chord ⊥ chord)
Consider △OND. bisects chord)
∠OND + ∠NOD + ∠ODN = 180° ∠ CD = ( 2 × 5) cm
( sum of △) ∴
90° + ∠NOD + 35° = 180° = 10 cm
∠NOD = 55° ∵ AB = CD
∴ OM = ON (equal chords, equidistant from centre)
3. Consider △OEM. = 2.5 cm
EM = OE 2 − OM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
p. 18
= 10 2 − 6 2 cm
= 8 cm

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 6 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

x=
1
2
∠AOB ∴ 
DC = AB
 (equal ∠s, equal arcs)
1. 1 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ ) ∴ x=4
= × 60° ce
2
= 30° 2. ∵ 
CD = AB
 (given)
∴ CD = AB (equal arcs, equal chords)
x = 2∠APB
2. (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ ) ∴ x=5
= 2 × 50° ce
= 100°
3. ∵ AB = DC (given)
∴ x = 65° (equal chords, equal ∠s)
x = 2∠APB
3. = 2 × 120°
= 240°
(∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ )
ce
∵
∴ 
DC = AB

DC = AB

(given)
(equal chords, equal arcs)

∴ y=6

4. Reflex ∠AOB = 360° – 140° (∠s at a pt.)

= 220°
1
x = reflex ∠AOB
2 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ )
1 ce
= × 220°
2
= 110°

5. x = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)

6. ∠APB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)

Consider △APB.
∠APB + 40° + x = 180°
(∠ sum of △)
90° + 40° + x = 180°
x = 50°

p. 20
1. x = ∠BAC (∠s in the same segment)
= 40°

2. x = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
y = ∠ACB (∠s in the same segment)
= 20°

∠EAC = ∠CBE (∠s in the same segment)

= 30°
3. x = ∠ADC + ∠DAC △
(ext. ∠ of )
= 25° + 30°
= 55°

4. Consider △ABD.
∠ABD + ∠BAD + ∠ADB = 180° (∠ sum of △)
∠ABD + ( 40° + 20°) + 70° = 180°
∠ABD = 50°
x = ∠ABD (∠s in the same segment)
= 50°

p. 28
1. ∵ ∠DOC = ∠AOB = 43° (given)

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

4.

Join OB.
∵ BC = ED (given)
∴ ∠ BOC = ∠ EOD (equal chords, equal ∠s)
= 55°
∵ AB = BC (given)
∴ ∠ AOB = ∠BOC (equal chords, equal ∠s)
= 55°
x = ∠BOC + ∠AOB
= 55° + 55°
= 110°

p. 31
1.


x
∠AOB AB
=
BC
 (arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)

2
x = (80°)
5
= 32°

AB

y cm ∠DOC
=
∠AOB
(arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)

 48° 
y = 5 
 80° 
=3

2. 
x cm ∠DOC
AB
=
∠AOB (arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)
 50° 
x = 6 
 30° 
= 10
∠BOC = 180° − ∠AOB − ∠DOC (adj. ∠s on st. line)
= 180° − 30° − 50°
= 100°

AB

y cm ∠BOC
=
∠AOB
(arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)

 100° 
y = 6 
 30° 
= 20°

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 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

3. x
=
AB

∠CFD CD (arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ce)
6
x= (15°)
2
= 45°

4.

x cm
BC
=
∠CED
∠BEC (arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ce)
 30° 
x = 10 
(arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ )  40° 
ce
= 7.5

y
=
AB
 (arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ce)
∠BEC BC
6
(arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ ) y = 10 (40°)
ce
= 24°

5. ∠ACB
=
AB

∠DBC CD (arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ce)
3
(arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ ) ∠ACB = ( 48°)
ce 4
= 36°
x = 180° − ∠DBC − ∠ACB ∠
( sum of △)
= 180° − 48° − 36°
= 96°

p. 38119
1. ∠DEC = ∠ABC (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)
= 81°
x = 180° − ∠DEC − ∠ECD
(∠ sum of △)
= 180° − 81° − 65°
= 34°

x + ∠DAB = 180°
2. x = 180° − 93° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
= 87°
y = ∠CDE (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)
= 113°

x + ∠CBA = 180°
3. x = 180° − 127° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
= 53°
∠ACD = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
x + y + ∠ACD = 180° (∠ sum of △)
y = 180° − 90° − 53°
= 37°

4
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

OB = OC
= ON + NC (radii)
= (5 + 8) cm
= 13 cm
Consider △ONB.
NB = OB 2 − ON 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 13 2 − 5 2 cm
= 12 cm
∵ AN = NB (line from centre ⊥ chord bisects chord)
∴ AB = (2 × 12) cm
= 24 cm

3. ∵ AM = MB (line from centre ⊥ chord bisects chord)

∴ AB = (2 × 6) cm
Exercise = 12 cm
∵ ON = OM (given)
∴ CD = AB (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
Exercise 6A (p.10 10)
Level 1 = 12 cm
1. ∵ ON ⊥ AB (given)
NB = AN (line from centre ⊥ chord
∴ 1  bisects chord)
=  × 16  cm
2 
= 8 cm

Join OB. 4. ∵ CN = ND (given)

Consider △NOB. ∴ ON ⊥ CD (line joining centre to mid-
pt. of chord ⊥ chord)
OB = NB 2 + ON 2 (Pyth. theorem) ∴ ∠ONK = 90°
= 8 + 6 cm
2 2 ∵ AM = MB (given)
= 10 cm ∴ OM ⊥ AB (line joining centre to
∴ The radius of the circle is 10 cm. mid-pt. of chord ⊥ chord)
∴ ∠OMK = 90°
∠MKN = 180° − ∠DKB (adj. ∠s on st. line)
= 180° − 43°
= 137°

Consider quadrilateral OMKN.

∠MON = 360° − ∠OMK − ∠ONK − ∠MKN
2.
= 360° − 90° − 90° − 137°
= 43°

5. ∵ OM ⊥ AB (given)
∴ AM = MB (line joining from centre ⊥
chord bisects chord)
1 
∴ MB =  × 6  cm
2 
Join OB.
= 3 cm

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 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

Consider △OMB. Consider △OAC.

OM = OB 2 − MB 2 ∵ OC = OA (radii)
∴ ∠OCA = ∠OAC (base ∠s, isos. △)
= 5 2 − 3 2 cm ∠OCA + ∠OAC + ∠AOC = 180° ∠
(Pyth. theorem) ( sum of △)
= 4 cm 2∠OCA + 122° = 180°
ON = MN − OM ∠OCA = 29°
= (7 − 4) cm
= 3 cm 1
OB = AB
2
1
7. = ( AM + MB )
2
1
= (16 + 4) cm
2
= 10 cm
OM = OB − MB
∴
= (10 − 4) cm
= 6 cm

Join OD.
Consider △OND.
OD = OB (radii)
= 5 cm
ND = OD 2 − ON 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 5 − 3 cm
2 2

= 4 cm Join OD.
∵ ON ⊥ CD (given) Consider △OMD.
∴ CN = ND (line from centre ⊥ chord OD = OB (radii)
bisects chord)
= 10 cm
∴ CD = (2 × 4) cm
= 8 cm MD = OD 2 − OM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 10 2 − 6 2 cm
= 8 cm
∵ OM ⊥ CD (given)
∴ CM = MD (line from centre ⊥ chord
bisects chord)
∴ CD = (2 × 8) cm
= 16 cm

6. ∵ CM = MD (given) 8. ∵ BM = MC = 6 cm (given)
∴ OM ⊥ CD (line joining centre ∴ OM ⊥ BC (line joining centre to mid-
to mid-pt. of chord pt. of chord ⊥ chord)
⊥ chord) Consider △OMB.
∴ ∠OMC = 90°
OM = OB 2 − BM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∠AOC = ∠OCM + ∠OMC (ext. ∠ of △)
= 32° + 90° = 10 2 − 6 2 cm
= 122° = 8 cm
Consider △OMD.
MD = OD 2 − OM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 17 − 8 cm
2 2

= 15 cm

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

CD = MD − MC
∴ = (15 − 6) cm
= 9 cm

7
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

9. Construct a circle with centre O lying on BH, such that ∠MND = ∠OND + ∠ONM
the circle cuts AB at two points P and Q, and cuts ∴ = 90° + 15°
BC at two points R and S are shown.
= 105°

∴ ∠OND = 90° (line joining centre to

mid-pt. of chord ⊥ chord)

Draw OM and ON such that OM ⊥ AB and ON ⊥ BC.

OB = OB common side
∠ABH = ∠CBH given SMEFSU08EX@F04
∠OMB = ∠ONB = 90° constructed
Construct the traingle ABC as shown.
∴ △OBM ≅ △OBN AAS
AC
∴ OM = ON corr. sides, ≅ △s tan 60° =
12 cm
∴ PQ = RS chords equidistant from
centre are equal AC = 12 tan 60° cm
= 12 3 cm
1
= × BC × AC
2
1 
=  × 12 × 12 3  cm 2
 2 
= 72 3 cm 2
∴ Area of △ABC

110.

Level 2
10. (a) ∵ AM = MB (given)
∴ ∠OMA = 90° (line joining centre to
mid-pt. of chord ⊥ chord) Let M be a point on AB such that OM ⊥ AB.
∠OMN = ∠OMA − ∠AMN
∴ = 90° − 75°
= 15°

(b)

Join ON.
∵ CN = ND (given)
∴ ∠OND = 90° (line joining centre to
mid-pt. of chord ⊥
chord)
∵ CD = AB (given)
∴ ON = OM (equal chords,
equidistant
from centre)
∴ ∠ONM = ∠OMN (base ∠s, isos. △)
= 15°

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

∵ OM ⊥ AB (constructed)
AM = MB (line from centre ⊥
∴ 1  chord bisects chord)
=  × 24  cm
2 
= 12 cm
Consider △OMA.
OM = OA 2 − AM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 15 − 12 cm
2 2

= 9 cm
Consider △OMC.
MC = MB + BC
= (12 + 28) cm
= 40 cm
OC = OM 2 + MC 2
(Pyth. theorem)
= 9 2 + 40 2 cm
= 41 cm

12. (a) Consider △OAB and △OAC.

OA = OA common side
OB = OC radii
AB = AC given
∴ △OAB ≅ △OAC SSS
∴ ∠OAB = ∠OAC corr. ∠s, ≅ △s
∴ OA bisects ∠BAC.

(b) Consider △ABN and △ACN.

∠OAB = ∠OAC (proved in (a))
AB = AC (given)
AN = AN (common side)
∴ △ABN ≅ △ACN (SAS)
∴ BN = CN (corr. sides, ≅ △s)
∴ ON ⊥ BC (line joining centre to
mid-pt. of chord ⊥
chord)

ON = AN − OA
(c)
= (8 − 5) cm
= 3 cm
Consider △ONC.
NC = OC 2 − ON 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 5 − 3 cm
2 2

= 4 cm
Consider △ANC.
AC = AN 2 + NC 2
(Pyth. theorem)
= 8 2 + 4 2 cm
= 4 5 cm

13. (a) ON = OY − NY
= ( r − 3) cm

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 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

(b) ∵ ON ⊥ AB (given) 15.

AN = NB (line from centre ⊥
∴ 1  chord bisects chord)
=  × 18  cm
2 
= 9 cm

Let M be a point on AB such that OM ⊥ AB.

∵ OM ⊥ AB (constructed)
MB = AM (line from centre ⊥
∴ 1  chord bisects chord)
=  × 18  cm
2 
Join OA. = 9 cm
Consider △OAN. Join OB.
OA = r cm (radius) OB = 13 cm (radius)
ON 2 + AN 2 = OA 2 Consider △OMB.

( r − 3) 2 + 9 2 = r 2 (Pyth. theorem) OM = OB 2 − MB 2
(Pyth. theorem)
r − 6r + 90 = r
2 2
= 13 − 9 cm
2 2

∴ r = 15 = 88 cm
Let N be a point on CD such that ON ⊥ CD.
14. ∵ OM ⊥ CD (given) ∵ ON ⊥ CD (constructed)
CM = MD (line from centre ⊥ NC = DN (line from centre ⊥
∴ 1  chord bisects chord) ∴ 1  chord bisects chord)
=  × 12  cm =  × 24  cm
 2  2 
= 6 cm = 12 cm
Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
∵ ∠ONK = ∠OMK
OM = AM − OA = 90°
= (18 − r ) cm ∴ ONKM is a rectangle.
∴ NK = OM (property of rectangle)
KC = NC − NK
∴ = NC − OM
= (12 − 88 ) cm
= 2.62 cm (cor. to 2 d.p.)

Join OC. 16.

Consider △OCM.
OC = r cm (radius)
OM 2 + CM 2 = OC 2
(18 − r ) 2 + 6 2 = r 2 (Pyth. theorem)

360 − 36r + r 2 = r 2
r = 10
∴ MB = OB − OM
= [r − (18 − r )] cm (a) Join OD, OB and OA as shown.
= ( 2r − 18) cm Let ∠OAB = x,
= (2 × 10 − 18) cm then ∠OAD = 90° − x.
= 2 cm ∵ OB = OA radii
∴ ∠OBA = ∠OAB base ∠s,
isos. △
=x
∴ ∠AOB = 180° − ∠OAB − ∠OBA ∠ sum of △
= 180° − 2 x
∵ OD = OA radii
∴ ∠ODA = ∠OAD base ∠s,

10
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

isos. △ FN = NG line from centre ⊥

= 90° − x chord bisects chord
∠AOD = 180° − ∠OAD − ∠ODA DE = 2( LM − EM )
∴ ∠ sum of △
= 180° − 2(90° − x) = 2( MN − EM ) by (a)
= 2x = 2( MN − MF ) proved
∠AOB + ∠AOD = 2 FN
∴
= (180° − 2 x) + 2 x = FG
= 180°
∴ BOD is a straight line. Exercise 6B (p. 21)

(b) Draw OM ⊥ AB and ON ⊥ DA. Level 1

∵ OM ⊥ AB and ON ⊥ DA (constructed) 1. ∠ACB + 138° = 180° (adj. ∠s on st. line)
∴ AM = MB and DN = NA (line from centre ∠ACB = 42°
⊥ chord bisects (adj. ∠s on st. line)
chord)
1
NA = AD x = 2∠ACB
2 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ )
= 2 × 42° ce
1 
=  × 18  cm = 84°
2 
= 9 cm
∵ AMON is a rectangle. 2. ∠ACB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
∵ CA = CB (given)
∴ OM = NA (property of rectangle) ∴ x = ∠CBA (base ∠s, isos. △)
= 9 cm
∠ACB + ∠CBA + x = 180°
(∠ sum of △)
2 x + 90° = 180°
x = 45°

3. ∠ACD = ∠ABD (∠s in the same segment)

= 55°
x + ∠ACD = 125°
(ext. ∠ of △)
x + 55° = 125°
Consider △OAM.
x = 70°
AM = OA 2 − OM 2
= 15 2 − 9 2 cm 4. ∠DAC = ∠DBE (∠s in the same segment)
(Pyth. theorem) = 25°
= 12 cm
x = ∠DAC + ∠ADC
AB = 2 AM (ext. ∠ of △)
= 25° + 42°
= ( 2 × 12) cm
= 67°
= 24 cm

∠AOC = 2∠ABC
17. (a) ∵ ∠ALM = ∠BMN = ∠CNG = 90° given 5. Reflex (∠ at centre twice at ☉ )
∴ LA // MB // NC corr. ∠s = 2 ×140° ce

equal = 280°
∵ LA // MB // NC and AB = BC given (∠ at centre twice
∴ LM = MN intercept ∠ at )
theorem
x = 360° − reflex ∠AOC
(∠s at a pt.)
= 360° − 280°
= 80°

∠ACD = 180° − ∠CAD − ∠CDA

6. (∠ sum of △)
= 180° − 32° − 90°
= 58°
∠ACB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
(b) EM = MF line from centre ⊥
chord bisects chord
DL = EL line from centre ⊥
chord bisects chord

11
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

x = ∠ACB − ∠ACD
∴ = 90° − 58°
= 32°

7. ∠ABC = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)

∠BCA = ∠BDA (∠s in the same segment)
=x
∠BCA = 180° − ∠ABC − ∠BAC
(∠ sum of △)
x = 180° − 90° − 65°
= 25°

∠AOB = 2∠ACB
8. (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ )
= 2 × 70° ce

= 140°
OB = OA (radii)
∠OBA = x (base ∠s, isos.△ )
x + ∠OBA + ∠AOB = 180° ∠
( sum of △)
2 x + 140° = 180°
x = 20°

12
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

9. 65° + ∠BCA = 118° (ext. ∠ of )

∠BCA = 53°
∠AOB = 2∠BCA (∠ at centre twice
12. = 2 × 53° ∠ at )
= 106°
∠AOB + ∠OAK = 118° (ext. ∠ of )
∠OAK = 118° − 106°
= 12°

Join OC.
1 13. ∠DAC, ∠ACD, ∠DAB, ∠DBA, ∠EFD and ∠FED
∠ACB = ∠AOB (any four of the above angles)
2 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ )
ce
1 Level 2
= ×130°
2 14. ∵ DC = DA (given)
= 65° ∴ ∠DCA = x (base ∠s, isos. △)
OC = OA (radii) ∵ BD = BC (given)
∠OCA = ∠OAC (base ∠s, isos. △) ∠BDC = ∠DCA
= 20°
∴ (base ∠s, isos. △)
=x
OB = OC (radii)
∠ADB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
x = ∠OCB (base ∠s, isos. △)
= ∠ACB − ∠OCA ∠DAC + ∠DCA + ∠ADC = 180°
(∠ sum
= 65° − 20° x + x + (90° + x ) = 180°
= 45° x = 30°
of △)
10. ∠DAC = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
∠ACD = 180° − ∠DAC − ∠ADC (∠ sum of △) (∠ sum of △)
= 180° − 90° − 55°
∠OAB + ∠AOC = 180°
= 35° 15. (a) (int. ∠s, BA // CO)
AB = AC (given) ∠AOC = 180° − 32°
∠ABC = ∠ACB (base ∠s, isos.△ ) = 148°
(int. ∠s, BA // CO) (∠s at a pt.)
= 35°
∴ Reflex ∠AOC = 360° − ∠AOC
∠ABC + ∠BAD = 55°
(ext. ∠ of △) = 360° − 148°
∠BAD = 55° − 35°
= 212°
= 20°
∠AOC = 360° − ∠AOC
= 360° − 148°
11. ∠BOD = 36° (opp. ∠s of // gram)
1 = 212°
∠BCD = ∠BOD x
2 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ )
ce
1 (∠s at a pt.)
= × 36°
2
= 18° 1
∠ABC = reflex ∠AOC
∠ODC = ∠BCD (alt. ∠s, DO // AC) 2
(b) 1 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ )
= 18° = × 212° ce
2
∠BKD = ∠ODK + ∠BOD
(ext. ∠ of △) = 106°
= 18° + 36°
= 54°

(ext. ∠ of △)

ce
(∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ )

(ext. ∠ of △)

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 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

∠DCB + ∠CKB = 50° 20. (a) ∠AKB = ∠DKC vert. opp. ∠s

16. (∠ ext. ∠ of △) ∠BAK = ∠CDK ∠s in the same segment
∠DCB = 50° − 28°
= 22° ∠ABK = ∠DCK ∠s in the same segment
∠DAB = ∠DCB (∠s in the same segment) ∴ △AKB ~ △DKC AAA
= 22°
AK KD
∠ACB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle) =
∠CAB = 180° − ∠ACB − ∠CBA (b) BK KC (corr. sides, ~ △s)
(∠ sum of △) 6 KD
= 180° − 90° − 50° =
3 2 cm
= 40°
∴ KD = 4 cm
∠CAD = ∠CAB − ∠DAB
∴ = 40° − 22°
21. (a) ∵ OK ⊥ EB given
= 18°
∴ BK = EK line from centre ⊥
chord bisects chord
∠BAC = ∠BDC (∠s in the same ∠BKD = ∠EKD = 90° given
17. segment) KD = KD common side
∠BDC = ∠ABD (alt. ∠s, DC // AB) ∴ △BKD ≅ △EKD SAS
∠ADB = 90° (∠ in semi -circle)
(b) ∠ABD = 90° (∠ in semi-
∠ABD + ∠BAD + ∠ADB = 180° (∠ sum of △)
circle)
∠ABD + (44° + ∠BAC) + 90° = 180°
∠BDC = 180° – ∠CBD – ∠BCD (∠ sum of △)
∠ABD + ∠ABD + 134° = 180°
= 180° – 90° – 42°
∠ABD = 23°
= 48°
∠KED = ∠KBD (corr. ∠s,
1 (∠ at centre twice ≅ △s)
∠ABE = ∠AOE
2 ∠ at ☉ce) ∠KED + ∠KBD = ∠BDC (ext. ∠ of △)
18.
1 2∠KED = 48
= × 124°
2 ∠KED = 24
= 62° ∴ ∠BAD = ∠BED (∠s in the same segment)
∠ACE + ∠BEC = ∠ABE (ext. ∠ of △) = 24°
∠BEC = 62° − 36°
= 26° 22.
∠BAD = ∠BEC (∠s in the same segment)
= 26°
∠AKE = ∠BAD + ∠ABE
∴ = 26° + 62° (ext. ∠ of △)
= 88°

19. (a) OABC is a parallelogram. (given)

OA = OC (radii)
Join AP.
∴ OABC is a rhombus.
∠APB = 90° ∠ in semi-circle
(b) Reflex ∠AOC = 360° − x ∠s at a pt. ∠ACQ = ∠APQ ∠s in the same segment
1 = 90
∠ABC = reflex ∠AOC
2 ∴ QC ⊥ AB
∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉
1
= (360° − x) ce
23.
2
x
= 180° −
2

(c) ∠ABC = x (opp. ∠s of // gram)

x
180° − = x
2
∴ 3 (proved in (b))
x = 180°
2 Join OA.
x = 120° ∠ABQ = ∠AOQ ∠s in the same segment
= 2∠ABP ∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ce
∴ BP bisects ∠ABQ.

14
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B


Exercise 6C (p. 32)
Level 1
6. (a)
∠AOB AB
=
∠BOC BC  (arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)

1. Reflex ∠AOB = 360° – ∠AOB (∠s at a pt.)

= 360° – 80° 4
∠AOB = ( 48°)
= 280° 3
x cm
Major AB
=
∠AOB
Reflex ∠AOB
(arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)
= 64°

1
(b) ∠ACB = ∠AOB (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ce)
 80°  2
x = 14 
 280°  1
= × 64°
=4 2
= 32°

2. ∠BAC = 180° – ∠ABC – ∠ACB (∠ sum of △)

= 180° – 50° – 75°
= 55°


x cm ∠BAC
AC
=
∠ABC
(arcs prop. to
∠s at ce )
☉
7. ∠BEC = 180° – ∠EBC – ∠ECB (∠ sum of △)
 55° 
x = 10  = 180° – 62° – 64°
 50°  = 54°
= 11 ∠DEB = ∠EBC − ∠EDB (ext. ∠ of △)
= 62° – 35°
3. ∠ACB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
 
= 27°
∠BAC = 180° – x – ∠ACB (∠ sum of △)
∴ AB : BC BC = ∠DEB : ∠BEC(arcs
= 180° – x – 90° AB


= 90° – x prop. to ∠s at
= 27° : 54° ☉ce)
∠BAC BC
x
=
AC
 (arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ )
= 1: 2

90° − x 4 ce 8. ∠BAC = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)

= ∠BAD = ∠BAC + ∠CAD
x 5
450° − 5 x = 4 x = 90° + 30°
x = 50° = 120°


4.
∠COD CD
∠BOC
=
BC
 (arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)

4
∠COD = (84°)
6
= 56°
∠BOD = ∠BOC + ∠COD
= 84° + 56°
= 140°
1
x = ∠BOD (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ )
ce

2
∴ 1
= ×140°
2
= 70°


∠ADC = ∠BAD alt. ∠s, CD // AB

5.
∴ AC AC = BD equal ∠s, equal arcs
BD

15
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

∵ AB = AD (given) Level 2
∴ ∠ABD = ∠ADB (base ∠s, isos. △) 11. ∠ABD = 180° – ∠BAD − ∠ADB (∠ sum of △)
∠ABD + ∠ADB + ∠BAD = 180° (∠ sum of △) = 180° – (40° + 20°) – 70°
2∠ABD + 120° = 180° = 50°
∠ABD = 30°
∠ACB = 180° − ∠BAC − ∠ABC (∠ sum of △)
= 180° − 90° − 30°
= 60°
∴ 
AB

AB : BC BC = ∠ACB : ∠BAC
(arcs prop. to ∠s
= 60° : 90° at ☉ce)
= 2:3

9. ∵ ∠APC = ∠APB + ∠BPC Join BC.

= 5° + 10° ∠CBD = ∠CAD (∠s in the same segment)
= 125° = 20°

  = ∠CPD ∠CBA = ∠CBD + ∠ABD


(equal ∠s, equal arcs) = 20° + 50°
∴ AC = CD AC = CD
= 70°
∵ ∠BPD = ∠BPC + ∠CPD
= 10° + 15° ADC ∠CBA
=
= 25° BC ∠BAC (arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ )

∴
  = ∠EPF
BD = EF BD = EF (equal ∠s, equal arcs)
 70° 
x = 10 
 40° 
ce

∵ ∠APD = ∠APB + ∠BPC + ∠CPD = 17.5

= 5° + 10° + 15°
= 30°
12. ∠BAD = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)

∴
  = ∠FPG
AD = FG AD = FG (equal ∠s, equal arcs)
∠BAC = ∠BAD – ∠CAD
= 90° – 50°
= 40°


x cm ∠BAC
=
CD ∠CAD (arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ )
 40°  ce
x = 15 
 50° 
= 12

13. ∠PRS = ∠PQS (∠s in the same

segment)

10. ∵
 
AB = CD AB = CD (given)
= 30°
∠PRQ = ∠QRS – ∠PRS
∴ ∠ADB = ∠DAC = 75° − 30°
and ∠ACB = ∠DBC (equal arcs, equal ∠s)
∴ KD = KA and KC = KB (sides opp. equal ∠s) ∵
= 45°
 
QR = PQ QR = PQ (given)

∵
  
∴ △AKD and △BKC are isosceles triangles.
AB = BC = CD AB = BC = CD ∴
∠QSR = ∠PRQ
= 45° ∠QSR = ∠PRQ
(given) (equal arcs, equal ∠s)
∴ ∠ACB = ∠CAB = 45°
and ∠BDDBC = ∠DBC (equal arcs, equal ∠s) ∠RQS = 180° – ∠QRS – ∠QSR (∠ sum of △)
∴ BC = BA and CD = CB (sides opp. equal ∠s) = 180° − 75° − 45°
∴ △ABC and △BCD are isosceles triangles.
= 60°

14. (a) OD = OB (radii)

∠ODB = ∠OBD (base ∠s, isos. △)
= 30°
∴ ∠BOA = ∠OBD + ∠ODB (ext. ∠ of △)

16
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

= 30° + 30° ∴ x = 180° – ∠FGE – ∠GFE (∠ sum of △)

= 60° = 180° – 90° – 50°

 
= 40°

   
∠ADB AB
=
∠CDB BC  (b) AB AB : BC BC : CD CD : DE DE : EA EA
= ∠ADB : ∠BEC : ∠CAD : (arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ce)
(b) 3 (arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ )
= ∠DBE : ∠ACE (arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ce)
2 ce

2
∠CDB = (30°) to ∠s at △ce)
3 = 20° : 40° : 40° : 30° : 50°
= 20°
= 2 : 4 : 4 : 3:5

(cb) AB
 2
=
Circumference of the circle 2 + 4 + 4 + 3 + 5
(by (b))
OA = OC radii
15. (a)  18 
AB = CB given Circumference of the circle =  π ×  cm
 2 
OB = OB common side = 9π cm
∴ △ABO ≅ △CBO SSS
9π
∴ Radius of the circle = cm
2π
(b) ∵ ∠AOB = ∠COB corr. ∠s, ≅ △s
= 4.5 cm
∴
∴
 
∠AOD = ∠COD
AD = DC AD = DC equal ∠s, equal
arcs

16. ∵
 
BC = CD BC = CD given
∴ ∠CAB = ∠DAC equal arcs, equal ∠s
∵ OC = OA radii
∴ ∠ACO = ∠CAB base ∠s, isos. △
= ∠DAC
∴ OC // AD alt. ∠s equal

17. (a) ∵ OE ⊥ BD given

∴ BE = ED line from centre ⊥
chord bisects chord
AE = AE common side
∠AEB = ∠AED = 90° given
∴ △ABE ≅ △ADE SAS

(b)
∴
 
∠BAC = ∠DAC corr. ∠s, ≅ △s
BC = CD BC = CD equal ∠s, equal arcs

18. (a) With the notations in the figure,

∠DFE = ∠BDF + ∠DBF (ext. ∠ of △)

= 20° + 30°
= 50°
∠AGE = ∠CAG + ∠ACG (ext. ∠ of △)
= 40° + 50°
= 90°

17
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

Exercise 6D (p. 39) ∠FCD + ∠DEF = 180°

Level 1 7. (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
∠FCD = 180° − 130°
1. ∠BCD = 95° (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.) = 50°
∠BCD + x = 180° x = ∠FCD
(adj. ∠s on st. line) (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)
x = 180° − 95° = 50°
= 85°
∠ABD = y (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)
∵ AD = AB (given)
∠BCD + ∠BAD = 180°
2. (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.) ∴ ∠ADB = ∠ABD (base ∠s, isos. △)
∠BCD = 180° − 76°
=y
= 104°
∠BAD + ∠ABD + ∠ADB = 180° (∠ sum of △)
∵ CD = CB (given)
x + 2 y = 180°
∴ ∠BDC = x (base ∠s, isos. △)
2 y = 180° − 50°
∠BDC + x + ∠BCD = 180°
∴ (∠ sum of △) y = 65°
2 x + 104° = 180°
x = 38°
8.

3. ∠ACB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)

∠ABC + ∠ACB + ∠BAC = 180° (∠ sum of △)
∠ABC = 180° − 90° − 40°
= 50°
x + ∠ABC = 180°
(opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
x = 180° − 50°
= 130°

Join AD.
x = ∠ABD
4. (∠s in the same segment) ∠ABC + ∠CDA = 180° opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.
= 46° ∠ADE = 90° ∠ in semi-circle
y + ∠BCD = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.) ∠ABC + ∠CDE
y + (54° + x) = 180° = ∠ABC + (∠CDA + ∠ADE )
y = 180° − (54° + 46°) = (∠ABC + ∠CDA) + ∠ADE
= 80° = 180° + 90°
= 270°
∠EBC + ∠CDE = 180°
5. (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.) 1
∠EBC = 180° − 110° ∠APB = ∠AOB
2
= 70° 9. (a) (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ )
1
∠ECB + ∠BAE = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.) = × 40° ce
2
∠ECB = 180° − 120°
= 20°
= 60°
∠BEC + ∠EBC + ∠ECB = 180° (∠ sum of △)
∠BEC = 180° − 70° − 60° (b) ∠BAP + ∠BCP = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
∠BAP = 180° − 50°
= 50°
= 130°
∠ABP + ∠BAP + ∠APB = 180° (∠ sum of △)
∠ADE = ∠CAD + ∠ACD
∠ABP = 180° − 130° − 20°
6. (a) = 36° + 60° (ext. ∠ of △)
= 30°
= 96°
10. ∠DAC + ∠ADC + ∠ACD = 180° (∠ sum of △)
(b) ∠DFE = ∠BCD (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.) ∠DAC = 180° − 115° − 30°
= 60° = 35°
∠DFE + ∠FDE + ∠DEF = 180° (∠ sum of △) ∠ABC + ∠ADC = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
∠DEF = 180° − 60° − 96° ∠ABC = 180° − 115°
= 24° = 65°
∵ BC = CD (given)
∴ ∠ BAC = ∠ DAC (equal chords, equal ∠s)
= 35°
∠ACB + ∠ABC + ∠BAC = 180° (∠ sum of △)

18
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

∠ACB = 180° − 65° − 35°

= 80°

19
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

Level 2 15. ∠ACD + ∠ADC + ∠CAD = 180° (∠ sum of △)

11. Reflex ∠AOC = 2∠ABC (∠ at centre twice ∠ACD = 180° − 40° − ∠ADC
= 2 × 110° ∠ at = 140° − ∠ADC
☉ce) ∠ABC + ∠ADC = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
= 220° ∠ABC = 180° − ∠ADC
∠AOC = 360° − reflex ∠AOC (∠s at a pt.)
= 360° − 220°
= 140°
∴ ∠CPB + ∠AOC = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic
quad.)
∠CPB = 180° − 140°
= 40°

12. ∠COD = ∠BAD (corr. ∠s, OC // AB)

= 40°
OD = OC (radii)
∠ODC = ∠OCD (base ∠s, isos. △)
∠COD + ∠ODC + ∠OCD = 180° (∠ sum of △)
40° + 2∠ODC = 180°
∠ODC = 70°
∠ODC + ∠ABC = 180°
(opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
∠ABC = 180° − 70°
= 110°

13. (a) ∠KAD = ∠KCB ext. ∠, cyclic quad.

∠KDA = ∠KBC ext. ∠, cyclic quad.
∠AKD = ∠CKB common angle
∴ △KAD ~ △KCB AAA

KA KD
=
KC KB
KA KD
=
(b) KD + DC KA + AB (corr. sides, ~ △s)
2 cm 3 cm
=
3 cm + DC (2 + 4) cm
4 cm = 3 cm + DC
DC = 1 cm

14. ∠BAD = ∠BCE (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)

= 65°
∠ADB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
∠ABD + ∠ADB + ∠BAD = 180° (∠ sum of △)
∠ABD = 180° − 90° − 65°
= 25°
∠BDC = ∠ABD (alt. ∠s, DC // AB)
= 25°
∠DBC + ∠BDC = ∠BCE
(ext. ∠ of △)
∠DBC = 65° − 25°
= 40°

20
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

∠AED + ∠ACD = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)

∠AED = 180° − ∠ACD
= 180 − (140° − ∠ADC )
= 40° + ∠ADC
∴ ∠ ABC + ∠AED = (180° − ∠ADC ) + ( 40° + ∠ADC )
= 220°

16.

Join BD.
Let ∠CBE = x.
∵ CE = CB (given)
∴ ∠ CEB = ∠ CBE (base ∠s, isos. △)
=x
∠CBE + ∠BCE + ∠CEB = 180° (∠ sum of △)
∠BCE = 180° − 2 x
∠BDE + ∠BCE = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
∠BDE = 180° − (180° − 2 x)
= 2x
∠DBE = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
∠ABD + ∠DBE + ∠CBE = 180° (adj. ∠s on st. line)
∠ABD = 180° − 90° − x
= 90° − x
∠BAD + ∠ABD = ∠BDE
27° + (90° − x) = 2 x (ext. ∠ of △)
3 x = 117°
x = 39°
∴ ∠CBE = 39°

∠APC = ∠ABC + ∠PCB

17. (a) = ( x + x) + y (ext. ∠ of △)
= 2x + y
∠ARB = ∠ACB + ∠RBC (ext. ∠ of △)
= ( y + y) + x
= x + 2y
(b) ∠APC + ∠ARB = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
( 2 x + y ) + ( x + 2 y ) = 180°
3 x + 3 y = 180°
x + y = 60°

21
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

∠BAC + ∠ABC + ∠ACB = 180° (∠ sum of △)

∠BAC + 2 x + 2 y = 180°
∠BAC + 2( x + y ) = 180°
∠BAC + 120° = 180°
∠BAC = 60°

22
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

Revision Exercise 6 (p. 47) 1

∠PQR = reflex ∠POR
Level 1 2
1. (b)
1
= × 222°
2
= 111°
∠ORQ + ∠PQR = 180° (int. ∠s, OR // PQ)
∠ORQ = 180° − 111°
= 69°

Join OF.
Draw ON such that ON ⊥ FE.
OF = OB
1
= BC (radii)
2
1 
=  × 20  cm
2 
= 10 cm
ON = AB (property of rectangle)
= 6 cm
Consider △ONF.
FN = OF 2 − ON 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 10 − 6 cm
2 2

= 8 cm
∵ ON ⊥ FE (constructed)
∴ FN = NE (line from centre ⊥
chord bisects chord)
∴ FE = ( 2 × 8) cm
= 16 cm

2. ∠AEC = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)

∠EBC = ∠EAC (∠s in the same segment)
= 30°
∠AEB = ∠EDC + ∠EBC (ext. ∠ of △)
= 35° + 30°
= 65°
∠BEC = ∠AEC − ∠AEB
= 90° − 65°
= 25°

3. (a) ∠POR + ∠OPQ = 180° (int. ∠s,

OR // PQ)
∠POR = 180° − 42°
= 138°
∠POR = 360° − ∠POR
∴ Reflex = 360° − 138° (∠s at a pt.)
= 222°

(∠ at centre twice
∠ at ☉ce)

23
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

4. With the notations in the figure,

(opp. ∠s,
cyclic quad.)

(arcs prop. to
∠s at ☉ce)

1
∠BCA = ∠AOB (∠ at centre twice
2
∠ at ☉ce)
1
= × 54°
2
= 27°
∠ONC = ∠OBC + ∠BCA (ext. ∠ of △)
= 42° + 27°
= 69°
∠OAC + ∠AOB = ∠ONC
(ext. ∠ of △)
∠OAC = 69° − 54°
= 15°

5. ∵
 
AD = DC AD = DC (given)
∴ ∠ACD = ∠CAD (equal arcs, equal ∠s)
= 35°
∠BCA = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
∠BCD = ∠BCA + ∠ACD
= 90° + 35°
= 125°
∠BAD + ∠BCD = 180°
(opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
(∠BAC + 35°) + 125° = 180°
∠BAC = 20°


6.
∠CDB BC
∠CBD CD
=  (arcs prop. to
∠s at ☉ce)
2
=
1
1
∴ ∠CBD = ∠CDB
2
∠ABC + ∠ADC = 180° (opp. ∠s,
(62° + ∠CBD ) + (58° + ∠CDB) = 180° cyclic quad.)
1
120° + ∠CDB + ∠CDB = 180°
2
3
∴ ∠CDB = 60°
2
∠CDB = 40°
∠KDC = 40°

24
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

∠ABC + ∠ADC = 180°

7.
∠ABC = 180° − 115°


= 65°
∠ACB AB
∠BAC BC
= 
3
=
2
3
∴ ∠ACB = ∠BAC
2
∠ACB + ∠ABC + ∠BAC = 180°
3
∠BAC + 65° + ∠BAC = 180° (∠ sum of △)
2
5
∠BAC = 115°
2
∠BAC = 46°

8. (a) OC = OB (radii)
∠OCB = ∠OBC (base ∠s,
isos. △)
∠OCB + ∠OBC + ∠BOC = 180° ∠
( sum of △)
2∠OCB + 80° = 180°
∠OCB = 50°

1
∠BAC = ∠BOC (∠ at centre twice
2
(b) ∠ at ☉ce)
1
= × 80°
2
= 40°
∠DAB + ∠BCD = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
(∠DAC + ∠BAC ) + (∠OCB + ∠OCD ) = 180°
36° + 40° + 50° + ∠OCD = 180°
∠OCD = 54°

9.

Produce CO to cut AB at E. Join BC.

∠BEC = ∠OCD (alt. ∠s, AB // DC)
= 36°
∠BOC = ∠ABO + ∠BEC (ext. ∠ of △)
= 28° + 36°
= 64°
OC = OB (radii)
∠OCB = ∠OBC (base ∠s, isos. △)
∠BOC + ∠OCB + ∠OBC = 180° (∠ sum of △)
64° + 2∠OCB = 180°
∠OCB = 58°
∠BAD + ∠BCD = 180°
(opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
∠BAD + (58° + 36°) = 180°
∠BAD = 86°

25
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

10. ∠AOC + reflex ∠AOC = 360° ∠

( s at a pt.)
∠ABC + 2∠ABC = 360°
∠ABC = 120°

13.

Draw OM such that OM ⊥ BC.

∵ OM ⊥ BC (constructed)
∴ BM = MC (line from centre ⊥ chord
bisects chord)
Join BD and DC.
1 
∴ MC =  2 × 6  cm ∠ABD = 90° ∠ in semi-circle
  ∠ACD = 90° ∠ in semi-circle
= 3 cm ∴ ∠ABD = ∠ACD
Consider △OMC. AD = AD common side
OM = OC − MC 2 2 AB = AC given
(Pyth. theorem)
∴ △ABD ≅ △ACD RHS
= 5 − 3 cm
2 2
∴ ∠BAD = ∠CAD corr. ∠s, ≅ △s
= 4 cm ∴ AD bisects ∠BAC.
Consider △OAM.
14. ∠ACD = p + q (ext. ∠ of △)
AM = OA 2 − OM 2
(Pyth. theorem) ∠BDC = p (∠s in the same segment)
= 7 2 − 4 2 cm r = ∠ACD + ∠BDC (ext. ∠ of △)
= 33 cm = p+q+ p
AB = AM − BM = 2p +q

∴ = AM − MC
15.
= ( 33 − 3) cm
= 2.74 cm (cor. to 2 d.p.)

11.

Let O be the centre of the circle and r cm be the radius.

Join OA.
OA = r cm (radius)
OM = OC − MC
= ( r − 1) cm
Join BD. ∵ OM ⊥ AB (given)
∠ABD = 90° (∠ in semi-circle) AM = MB (line from centre ⊥ chord
∠EBD = ∠ABD − ∠ABE bisects chord)
∴ 1 
= 90° − 44° =  ×10  cm
2 
= 46°
= 5 cm
∠ECD = ∠EBD (∠s in the same segment)
Consider △OAM.
= 46°
OA 2 = AM 2 + OM 2
r 2 = 5 2 + (r − 1) 2 (Pyth. theorem)
12. (a) ∵ AB // OC and OA // CB (given)
∴ OABC is a parallelogram. r 2 = 25 + r 2 − 2r + 1
∵ OA = OC (radii) 2r = 26
∴ OABC is a rhombus. r = 13
∴ The radius of the circle is 13 cm.
(b) ∠AOC = ∠ABC (property of
rhombus)
Reflex ∠AOC = 2∠ABC (∠ at centre
twice ∠ at ☉ce)

26
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

Level 2
∠AOD + ∠BOD = 180°
16. (adj. ∠s on st. line) ∠CAB = 25° + ∠DCA
∠AOD = 180° − 140°
(b) = 25° + 14°
= 40°
∠ODC = ∠AOD (alt. ∠s, CD // BA) = 39°
= 40°
1
∠DCA = ∠AOD (∠ at centre twice
2
∠ at ☉ce)
1
= × 40°
2
= 20°
∠OKC = ∠ODC + ∠DCA (ext. ∠ of △)
= 40° + 20°
= 60°
∠AKO + ∠OKC = 180°
(adj. ∠s on st. line)
∠AKO = 180° − 60°
= 120°

17. (a) ∠ABC + ∠AFC = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)

∠AFC = 180° − 102°
= 78°
∠CDE = ∠AFC (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)
= 78°

∠COE = 2∠CDE (∠ at centre twice

(b)
= 2 × 78° ∠ at ☉ce)
= 156°
∠BAF + ∠ABO + ∠COE + ∠FEO = 360°
∠BAF + 102° + 156° + 38° = 360°
∠BAF = 64°

18. (a) ∠ADC = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)

∠APD + ∠ADC + ∠BAD = 180° ∠
( sum of △)
20° + 90° + (∠BAC + 54°) = 180°
∠BAC = 16°

(b) ∠BDC = ∠BAC (∠s in the

same segment)
= 16°
∠ADB = ∠ADC − ∠BDC
= 90° − 16°
= 74°
∠AKD + ∠ADB + ∠CAD = 180° (∠ sum of △)
∠AKD = 180° − 74° − 54°
= 52°

19. (a) ∠ACB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)

∠DBA = ∠DCA (∠s in the same
segment)
∠CAB = ∠CEA + ∠DCA (ext. ∠ of △)
= 25° + ∠DCA
∠CAB + ∠CBA + ∠ACB = 180° (∠ sum of △)
( 25° + ∠DCA) + (37° + ∠DBA) + 90° = 180°
2∠DCA = 28°
∠DCA = 14°

27
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

20. 1
∠BCA = ∠AOB (∠ at centre twice
2
∴ ∠ at ☉ce)
1
= × 30°
2
= 15°

(b) ∵ OC = OA (radii)
∴ ∠ACO = ∠CAO (base ∠s, isos. △)
∠CAO + ∠ACO + ∠AOC = 180° (∠ sum of △)
2∠CAO = 180° − 90°
Join MN. ∠CAO = 45°
∠ABM = ∠MNC (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.) ∠CEO = ∠CAO + ∠AOB
∠ADM = ∠MNE (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.) ∴ = 45° + 30° (ext. ∠ of △)
∠ABM + ∠ADM = ∠MNC + ∠MNE = 75°
= 180° (adj. ∠s on st. line)
∠BAD + ∠ABM + ∠ADM + ∠BMD = 360°
∴ 23. (a) ∠APD = ∠CPB common angle
65° + 180° + ∠BMD = 360° ∠PAD = ∠PCB ext. ∠, cyclic quad.
∠BMD = 115° ∠PDA = ∠PBC ext. ∠, cyclic quad.
∴ △PAD ~ △PCB AAA
21.
(b) ∠AKB = ∠DKC vert. opp. ∠s
∠BAK = ∠CDK ∠s in the same segment
∠ABK = ∠DCK ∠s in the same segment
∴ △AKB ~ △DKC AAA

PA PD
=
PC PB
Join BE.
 (c)
PA
=
PD
(corr. sides, ~ △s)

∠BEC BC PD + DC PA + AB
= (arcs prop. to 6 cm 8 cm
∠CAD CD =
∠s at ☉ce) 8 cm + DC (6 + 10) cm
3
∠BEC = (28°) 12 cm = 8 cm + DC
2
∴ DC = 4 cm
= 42°
 AB BK
∠DBE DE
=
∠CAD CD  (arcs prop. to
∠s at ☉ce)
=
DC CK
10 BK
(corr. sides, ~ △s)
=
4 4 3 cm
∠DBE = (28°)
2 ∴ BK = 7.5 cm
= 56°
∴ ∠BKE + ∠KEB + ∠KBE = 180° (∠ sum of △) 24. (a) ∵ AM = MB and CN = ND given
∠BKE = 180° − 42° − 56° ∴ ∠OMK = ∠ONK = 90° line joining
= 82° centre to mid-pt.

 ∵ AB = DC
of chord ⊥ chord
given
∠AOB AB
=
22. (a) ∠BOC BC 
(arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)
∴ OM = ON equal chords,
equidistant
1 from centre
= OK = OK common side
2
∴ △OMK ≅ △ONK RHS
∠BOC = 2∠AOB
∠AOC = ∠AOB + ∠BOC (b) ∴ KM = KN corr. sides, ≅ △s
90° = ∠AOB + 2∠AOB BM = CN given
1 ∴ KM – BM = KN – CN
∴ ∠AOB = 3 × 90° ∴ KB = KC
= 30°
(c) KB =KC proved in (b)
AB =DC given
∴ KA =KD

28
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

∴ ∠KAD = ∠KDA base ∠s, ∠ABE = ∠ABD + ∠DBC

isos. △ = 2x
∴ ∠BCD + ∠KDA ∠AEB = ∠ABE (base ∠s, isos. △)
= ∠BCD +∠KAD = 2x
= 180° opp. ∠s, cyclic quad. ∠EDC = ∠AEB (base ∠s, isos. △)
∴ BC // AD int. ∠s supp. = 2x
∠DCB = ∠AEB + ∠EDC
25. (a) ∵ AC = AB given = 4x …… (1)
∴ ∠ACB =∠ABC base ∠s, isos. △ ∠BDC = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
= ∠ADE ext. ∠,
cyclic quad.
∴ BC // ED corr. ∠s equal

(b) ∠CED = ∠CBD ∠s in the same segment

= ∠BDE alt. ∠s, BC // ED
∴ FE = FD sides opp. equal
∠s

26. ∠NBP = ∠MDP ext. ∠, cyclic quad.

∠BNP = 180° – ∠NBP – ∠NPB ∠ sum of △
= 180° – ∠MDP – ∠DPM given
= ∠DMP
= ∠NMC vert. opp. ∠s
∴ QM = QN sides opp. equal ∠s

27.

Join BO and OE.

∠BOE = 2 ∠CAE ∠ at centre
twice ∠ at ☉ce
∠ACE + ∠BOE = 180° opp. ∠s,
cyclic quad.
∠ACE + 2∠CAE = 180°
∠ACE + ∠CAE = 180° – ∠CAE
(∠ACE + ∠CAE) +∠CEA = 180° ∠ sum of △
(180° – ∠CAE) + ∠CEA = 180°
∠CAE = ∠CEA
∴ CA = CE sides opp.
equal ∠s

28. (a) ∵ CE = CD given

∴ ∠CED = ∠CDE base ∠s, isos. △
= ∠ABC ext. ∠,
cyclic quad.
∴ ABE is an isosceles triangle. sides opp.
equal ∠s

(b)
 
Let ∠ABD = x.
∵ CD = AD CD = AD (given)
∴ ∠DBC = ∠ABD (equal arcs, equal ∠s)
=x

29
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

∠DBC + ∠DCB + ∠BDC = 180° (∠ sum of x = ∠ABD + ∠BAC

△) ∴ = 19° + 32° (ext. ∠ of △)
∠DCB = 180° – x – 90° = 51°
= 90° – x …… (2)
From (1) and (2), we have
4 x = 90° − x
x = 18°
∠BAD + ∠DCB = 180° (opp. ∠s,
cyclic quad.)
∠BAD = 180° − 4 x (by (1))
= 180° − 4 × 18°
= 108°

Multiple Choice Questions (p. 52)

1. Answer: B
∵ OP ⊥ AB (given)
AP = PB (line from centre ⊥
∴ 1  chord bisects chord)
=  × 12  cm
2 
= 6 cm
OP = OA 2 − AP 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 10 2 − 6 2 cm
= 8 cm

Join OC.
OC = OA (radii)
= 10 cm
∵ OQ ⊥ CD (given)
CQ = QD (line from centre ⊥
∴ 1  chord bisects chord)
=  × 16  cm bisects
 2 
= 8 cm
OQ = OC 2 − CQ 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 10 − 8 cm
2 2

= 6 cm
PQ = OP + OQ
∴ = (8 + 6) cm
= 14 cm

2. Answer: A
∠BCD = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
∠DCA = ∠BCD − ∠ACB
= 90° − 71°
= 19°
∠ABD = ∠DCA (∠s in the same segment)
= 19°

30
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

3. Answer: D
∠BDC = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
∠BDC + ∠DCB + ∠DBC = 180° (∠ sum of △)
∠DCB = 180° − 90° − 32°
= 58°
∠BAD + ∠DCB = 180° (opp. ∠s,
∠BAD = 180° − 58° cyclic quad.)
= 122°
AB = AD (given)
∠ABD = ∠ADB (base ∠s, isos. △)
∴ ∠ABD + ∠ADB + ∠BAD = 180° (∠ sum of △)
2∠ABD + 122° = 180°
∠ABD = 29°

4. Answer: D
∠ADE = ∠CAD + ∠ACD (ext. ∠ of △)
= 52° + x
∠CBF = ∠ADE (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)
= 52° + x
∴ ∠CBE + ∠BEC + ∠BCE = 180° (∠ sum of △)
(52° + x) + 30° + x = 180°
2 x = 98°
x = 49°

5. Answer: C
Reflex ∠AOC = 360° – x (∠s at a pt.)
1
∠ABC = reflex ∠AOC (∠ at centre
2
twice ∠ at ☉c e)
1
= (360° − x)
2
x
= 180° −
2
∴ ∠ABC + ∠BCA + ∠BAC = 180° (∠ sum of △)
 x
180° −  + 35° + 28° = 180°
 2
x = 126°

6. Answer: C
∠BDC = ∠BAC (∠s in the
same segment)
= 46°
∠ACB = ∠ADB (∠s in the
same segment)
=x
∴ ∠PDC + ∠PCD + ∠CPD = 180° (∠ sum of △)
( x + 46°) + (48° + x ) + 34° = 180°
x = 26°

7. Answer: B
∠BED + ∠EBD = ∠BDC (ext. ∠ of △)
∠EBD = 43° − 24°
= 19°

31
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

Join AD.
∠ADB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
∠ADC + ∠ABC = 180°
(opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
(90° + 43°) + (19° + x) = 180°
x = 28°

8. Answer: A
∠DBC + ∠DCB + ∠BDC = 180° (∠ sum of △)
∠DBC = 180° − 83° − 46°

 = 51°
∠ABD AD
∠DBC DC
=  (arcs prop. to ∠s
at ☉ce)
2
∠ABD = (51°)
3
= 34°
∠ABC + ∠ADC = 180° (opp. ∠s,
cyclic quad.)
(34° + 51°) + (46° + x) = 180°
x = 49°

9. Answer: C
∠ADC + ∠ABC = 180° (opp. ∠s,
cyclic quad.)

∠ADC = 180° − ∠ABC


∠ABC minor AC
=
∠ADC major AC (arcs prop. to ∠s
at ☉ce)

∠ABC 7+3
=
180° − ∠ABC 6 + 8
5
∠ABC = (180° − ∠ABC )
7
5
∠ABC = × 180°
12
= 75°

10. Answer: B
∠DCB + ∠BAD = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
∠DCB = 180° − 112°
= 68°
OD = OC (radii)
∴ ∠ODC = ∠OCD (base ∠s, isos. △)
= 68°
∠DOC = ∠ABO (corr. ∠s, OD // BA)
=x
∴ ∠DOC + ∠ODC + ∠OCD = 180° (∠ sum of △)
x + 68° + 68° = 180°
x = 44°

32
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

11. Answer: B
∠ADC + ∠ABC = 180° (opp. ∠s,
cyclic quad.)
∠ADC = 180° − x
∠ACD + ∠AED = 180° (opp. ∠s,
cyclic quad.)
∠ACD = 180° − y
∠ACD + ∠ADC + ∠CAD = 180°
(180° − y ) + (180° − x ) + 45° = 180° (∠ sum of △)
x + y = 225°

12. Answer: A
With the notations in the figure, join FC.

∠BFC = ∠BAC (∠s in the same segment)

=a
∠CFD = ∠CED (∠s in the same segment)
=b
For A, x = ∠BFC + ∠CFD

arcs)
 
For B, if x = y,
=a+b

then BCD = AFE BCD = AFE (equal ∠s, equal

which is not always true.

For C,
∵ x = a + b and x = y is not always true.
∴ y = a + b is not always true.
For D, join BC and CD.
∵ x + ∠BCD = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
∴ x + y = 180° is false.

13. Answer: A

Join BD.
∠ADB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
1
∠CBD = ∠COD
2 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ☉ )
ce
1
= × 48°
2
= 24°
x = ∠ADB + ∠CBD
(ext. ∠ of △)
= 90° + 24°
= 114°

33
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

HKMO (p. 54)

Let O be the centre of the circle.
With the notations in the figure, join OC and OD.

  
∵ AC = CD = DB AC = CD = DB (given)
∴ ∠COA = ∠COD = ∠DOB (equal arcs,
1 equal ∠s)
= ×180°
3
= 60°
Join CD.
OC = OD (radii)
∴ ∠OCD = ∠ODC (base ∠s, isos. △)
∠OCD + ∠ODC + ∠COD = 180° (∠ sum of △)
∠OCD = 60°
∴ ∠OCD = ∠COA
∴ CD // AB (alt. ∠s equal)
Consider △CAD and △COD.
∵ They have the same base and the same height.
∴ Area of △CAD = area of △COD
∴ Shaded area = area of sector OCD
60°
2= × area of circle
360°
60°
∴ 2= ×Q
360°
Q = 12

34