13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Activity
Activity 13.1 (p. 104)
1. x+y=1+4=5
x+y=4+2=6
x + y = 2 + (–2) = 0

2. (a) P, Q
(b) R

3. (a) (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3). (or any other
reasonable answers)

4.

Maximum value of P = 3

Follow-up Exercise
p. 103
(b)
1. (a) Draw the graphical representations of the two
Yes inequalities on the same number line, we have

(c) All the points that lie above the straight line
x + y = 4 satisfy the inequality x + y > 4.

4. Yes
Therefore, the solutions of the compound inequality
Activity 13.2 (p. 120) are:
1.

(b) Draw the graphical representations of the two

inequalities on the same number line, we have

(c) Draw the graphical representations of two inequalities

on the number line, we have

2. (a) Yes. They have the same slope.

(b) Yes
There are no solutions.
3. It shifts to the right-hand side.

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

2. (a) Solving 5x + 2 ≥ 7, we have ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
5x + 2 ≥ 7 10 7
<x< .
5x ≥ 5 3 2
x ≥ 1 …… (1) Graphical representation:
Solving 9 – 2x ≤ 1, we have
9 − 2x ≤ 1
2x ≥ 8
x ≥ 4 …… (2)
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
2 − 4x
x ≥ 4. 3. (a) Rewrite the compound inequality as − 1 ≤ and
Graphical representation: 3
2 − 4x
<2.
3
2 − 4x
Solving − 1 ≤ , we have
3
2 − 4x
−1 ≤
(b) Solving 2x – 6 > 5x – 1, we have 3
2x − 6 > 5x − 1 − 3 ≤ 2 − 4x
3 x < −5 4x ≤ 5 …… (1)
5 5
x<− …… (1) x≤
3 4
Solving 5 – 3x < 15 – 5x, we have 2 − 4x
Solving < 2 , we have
5 − 3 x < 15 − 5 x 3
2 x < 10 2 − 4x
<2
x<5 …… (2) 3
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). 2 − 4x < 6
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are …… (2)
4 x > −4
5 x > −1
x<− .
3 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
Graphical representation: ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
5
−1 < x ≤ .
4
Graphical representation:

(c) Solving x – 3(x – 3) > 2, we have

x − 3( x − 3) > 2
2x < 7
7 …… (1) (b) Rewrite the compound inequality as
x<
2 1 − 3x 1 − 3x
2< and <7 .
x 4 4
Solving + ( x − 1) > 4 , we have
2 1 − 3x
Solving 2 < , we have
x 4
+ ( x − 1) > 4
2
3x
>5
2 …… (2)
10
x>
3

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 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

1 − 3x Alternative Solution
2< –2x + y + 1 < 0
4
8 < 1 − 3x y < 2x – 1
∴ The solution is the lower half-plane.
3x < −7
…… (1)
7 3. Evaluate the value of x – y for the point (0, 0).
x<−
3 ∵ 0–0=0<2
1 − 3x ∴ The solution is the upper half-plane.
Solving < 7 , we have
4
1 − 3x Alternative Solution
<7 x–y<2
4
y>x–2
1 − 3 x < 28
∴ The solution is the upper half-plane.
3x > −27 …… (2)
x > −9 4. Evaluate the value of 2x + y + 2 for the point (0, 0).
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∵ 2(0) + 0 + 2 = 2 ≤/ 0
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are ∴ The solution is the lower half-plane.
7
−9 < x < − . Alternative Solution
3
2x + y + 2 ≤ 0
Graphical representation:
y ≤ –2x – 2
∴ The solution is the lower half-plane.

5. Evaluate the value of 2x + 3y for the point (0, –1).

∵ 2(0) + 3(–1) = –3 < –1
∴ The inequality is 2x + 3y ≤ –1.

(c) Rewrite the compound inequality as 6. Evaluate the value of 3x – 2y for the point (0, 0).
1 – 2x ≥ 3x – 4 and 3x – 4 ≥ x + 3. ∵ 3(0) – 2(0) = 0 < 2
Solving 1 – 2x ≥ 3x – 4, we have ∴ The inequality is 3x – 2y < 2.
1 − 2 x ≥ 3x − 4
5x ≤ 5
x ≤1 …… (1)
Solving 3x – 4 ≥ x + 3, we have
3x − 4 ≥ x + 3
2x ≥ 7
7 …… (2)
x≥
2
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ There are no solutions. 7.

p. 109
1. Evaluate the value of 3x + y for the point (0, 0).
∵ 3(0) + 0 = 0 ≤/ –3
∴ The solution is the lower half-plane.

Alternative Solution
3x + y ≤ –3
y ≤ –3x – 3
∴ The solution is the lower half-plane. 8.

2. Evaluate the value of –2x + y + 1 for the point (0, 0).

∵ –2(0) + 0 + 1 = 1 </ 0
∴ The solution is the lower half-plane.

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

4. Evaluate the values of x, x + y and x + 3y for the point

(1.5, 2).
∵ x = 1.5 > 1
∴ One inequality is x ≥ 1.
∵ x + y = 1.5 + 2 = 3.5 < 4
∴ One inequality is x + y < 4.
∵ x + 3y = 1.5 + 3(2) = 7.5 > 4
9. ∴ One inequality is x + 3y ≥ 4.
x ≥ 1

∴ The system of inequalities is  x + y < 4 .
x + 3 y ≥ 4


5. Evaluate the values of y, 1 – x and 2x – y for the point

(2, 0).
∵ y=0<1
∴ One inequality is y ≤ 1.
∵ 1 – x = 1 – 2 = –1 < 0
10.
∴ One inequality is y > 1 – x.
∵ 2x – y = 2(2) – (0) = 4 < 5
p. 114 ∴ One inequality is 2x – y < 5.
y ≤1

∴ The system of inequalities is  y > 1 − x .
2 x − y < 5


6. Evaluate the values of x – y and x + 2y for the point (0, 1).

∵ x – y = 0 – 1 = –1 < 0
∴ One inequality is x – y ≤ 0.
∵ x + 2y = 0 + 2(1) = 2 < 4
1.
∴ One inequality is x + 2y ≤ 4.
x − y ≤ 0
∴ The system of inequalities is  .
x + 2 y ≤ 4

7.
2.

3. Evaluate the values of 3x – y and x – 2y for the point (–1, –

2).
∵ 3x – y = 3(–1) – (–2) = –1 < 2
∴ One inequality is 3x – y ≤ 2.
∵ x – 2y = (–1) – 2(–2) = 3 > 1
∴ One inequality is x – 2y ≥ 1.
3 x − y ≤ 2
∴ The system of inequalities is  .
x − 2 y ≥ 1

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 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

of the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.

From the graph, P attains its maximum at (3, 3).
∴ Maximum value of P = 2(3) + 3(3) = 15
Translate the line 2x + 3y = 0 in the negative direction
of the x-axis to obtain decreasing value of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (0, 0).
∴ Minimum value of P = 2(0) + 3(0) = 0

2. (a) Evaluate the values of x, 4x – 5y + 5 and x + y – 1 for

the point (1, 1).
∵ x=1<5
8. ∴ One inequality is x ≤ 5.
∵ 4x – 5y + 5 = 4(1) – 5(1) + 5 = 4 > 0
∴ One inequality is 4x – 5y + 5 ≥ 0.
∵ x+y–1=1+1–1=1>0
∴ One inequality is x + y – 1 ≥ 0.
x ≤ 5

4 x − 5 y + 5 ≥ 0
p. 126 ∴ The system of inequalities is  .
x + y −1 ≥ 0
1  y ≥ 0
1. (a) Evaluate the values of 2x – 6, 6 – x and x + 2 for
3
the point (1, 1). (b) Check the values of P = 3x + y at A, B, C and D
∵ 2x – 6 = 2(1) – 6 = –4 < 1 respectively.
∴ One inequality is y ≥ 2x – 6. At A(0, 1), P = 3(0) + 1 = 1
At B(1, 0), P = 3(1) + 0 = 3
∵ 6–x=6–1=5>1
At C(5, 0), P = 3(5) + 0 = 15
∴ One inequality is y ≤ 6 – x. At D(5, 5), P = 3(5) + 5 = 20
1 1 7
∵ x + 2 = (1) + 2 = >1 ∴ Maximum value of P = 20
3 3 3
Minimum value of P = 1
1
∴ One inequality is y ≤ x + 2.
3
3. (a)
x ≥ 0
y ≥ 0

 y ≥ 2x − 6

∴ The system of inequalities is  y ≤ 6 − x .
 1
y ≤ x + 2
 3

(b) (i)

(b)

Draw the line 2x + 3y = 0.

Translate the line 2x + 3y = 0 in the positive direction

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

120 x + 60 y ≥ 3000

 x + y ≥ 40
2. (a) The constraints are: 
Draw the line 2x + y = 0. x ≥ 0
Translate the line 2x + y = 0 in the positive direction  y ≥ 0
of the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P. After simplification, we have:
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (4, –0.5). 2 x + y ≥ 50
∴ Maximum value of P = 2(4) + (–0.5) = 7.5 
 x + y ≥ 40
Translate the line 2x + y = 0 in the negative direction 
x ≥ 0
of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.  y ≥ 0
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (0, –0.5).
∴ Minimum value of P = 2(0) + (–0.5) = −0.5

(ii)

(b)

The black dots in the above figure show all the

feasible solutions with integral x-and y-coordinates.
Translate the line 2x + y = 0 in the positive direction
of the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (3, 0).
∴ Maximum value of P = 2(3) + 0 = 6
Translate the line 2x + y = 0 in the negative direction
of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P. (c) Let $M be the total production cost, then
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (0, 0). M = 120x + 100y.
∴ Minimum value of P = 2(0) + 0 = 0

p. 136
5 x + 9 y ≥ 50

1. The constraints are: 58 x + 40 y ≥ 300
 x and y are non - negative integers.

After simplification, we have:
5 x + 9 y ≥ 50

29 x + 20 y ≥ 150
 x and y are non - negative integers.


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 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

Graphical representation:
From the graph, M attains its minimum at (10, 30).
Machines P and Q should operate 10 hours and 30
hours every week respectively.

Exercise
Exercise 13A (p. 115)
5. Solving 4x + 2 > 2x + 4, we have
Level 1 4x + 2 > 2x + 4
1. Draw the graphical representations of the two inequalities 2x > 2
on the same number line, we have x >1 …… (1)
Solving 2x – 3 ≥ 4x – 9, we have
2x − 3 ≥ 4x − 9
2x ≤ 6
…… (2)
x≤3
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
2. Draw the graphical representations of the two inequalities ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
on the same number line, we have 1 < x ≤ 3.

Graphical representation:

Therefore, the solutions of the compound inequality are:

6. Solving 3x – 2 ≤ 7, we have
3x − 2 ≤ 7
3x ≤ 9
x ≤ 3 …… (1)
3. Draw the graphical representations of the two inequalities Solving 8 – 5x ≤ –2, we have
on the same number line, we have 8 − 5 x ≤ −2
5 x ≥ 10
…… (2)
x≥2
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
There are no solutions. 2 ≤ x ≤ 3.

4. Solving 3 ≤ 4x – 3, we have Graphical representation:

3 ≤ 4x − 3
4x ≥ 6
3
x≥ …… (1)
2
Solving 4x – 3 > 7, we have
4x − 3 > 7 7. Rewrite the compound inequality as
1 ≤ 2x – 5 and 2x – 5 ≤ 9.
4 x > 10
Solving 1 ≤ 2x – 5, we have
5 …… (2)
x> 1 ≤ 2x − 5
2
2x ≥ 6
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
x≥3 …… (1)
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
5 Solving 2x – 5 ≤ 9, we have
x> .
2

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

2x − 5 ≤ 9
2 x ≤ 14
…… (2)
x≤7
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
3 ≤ x ≤ 7.

Graphical representation:

10. 3x + 2y ≥ 5
8. Rewrite the compound inequality as
2 x+2 x+2 4
≤ and ≤ .
3 2 2 3
2 x+2
Solving ≤ , we have
3 2
2 x+2
≤
3 2
4 ≤ 3x + 6
3 x ≥ −2
2 …… (1)
x≥−
3
x+2 4
Solving ≤ , we have
2 3
x+2 4 11. 3x – y ≥ 0
≤
2 3
3x + 6 ≤ 8
3 x ≤ 2 …… (2)
2
x≤
3
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
2 2
− ≤x≤ .
3 3

Graphical representation:

12. –2x + y > 3

9. 2x – 3y < 1

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 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

17.

13. Evaluate the values of x + 2y and x for the point (2, 0).
∵ x + 2y = 2 + 2(0) = 2 < 4
∴ One inequality is x + 2y < 4.
∵ x=2>1
∴ One inequality is x ≥ 1.
x + 2 y < 4
∴ The system of inequalities is  x ≥ 1 .

18.
14. Evaluate the values of x + 2y – 1 and x – 2y + 1 for the
point (–2, 0).
∵ x + 2y – 1 = –2 + 2(0) – 1 = –3 < 0
∴ One inequality is x + 2y – 1 ≤ 0.
∵ x – 2y + 1 = –2 – 2(0) + 1 = –1 < 0
∴ One inequality is x – 2y + 1 ≤ 0.
x + 2 y −1 ≤ 0
∴ The system of inequalities is  .
x − 2 y + 1 ≤ 0

15. Evaluate the values of 2x + 3y and x + y – 1 for the point

(1, 1).
∵ 2x + 3y = 2(1) + 3(1) = 5 < 6
∴ One inequality is 2x + 3y ≤ 6.
∵ x+y–1=1+1–1=1>0
∴ One inequality is x + y – 1 ≥ 0.
19.

∴ The system of inequalities is

 2x + 3y ≤ 6

x + y − 1 ≥ 0
 x≥0 .


16. Evaluate the value of 3x – y + 6 for the point (–1, 2).

∵ 3x – y + 6 = 3(–1) – 2 + 6 = 1 > 0
∴ One inequality is 3x – y + 6 ≥ 0.
∴ The system of inequalities is
3 x − y + 6 ≥ 0

x ≤ 0 .
20.
y ≥ 0


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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

21.

24. Draw the line x + 2y = 8.

22.

Level 2
25. Solving –2(x + 2) > –12, we have
−2( x + 2) > −12
− 2 x − 4 > −12
2x < 8
…… (1)
x<4
Solving 4 – 3x ≥ 9 + 2x, we have
23. Draw the line –x + y = 1. 4 − 3x ≥ 9 + 2 x
5 x ≤ −5
…… (2)
x ≤ −1
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
x ≤ –1.

Graphical representation:

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 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

3x 3x
2< + 5 and + 5 < 2x + 7 .
4 4
3x
Solving 2 < + 5 , we have
4
3x
2< +5
x−5 4
26. Solving > 2 x − 1 , we have
3 8 < 3 x + 20
x−5 3 x > −12 …… (1)
> 2x −1
3 x > −4
x − 5 > 6x − 3 3x
Solving + 5 < 2 x + 7 , we have
5 x < −2 4
…… (1)
2 3x
x<− + 5 < 2x + 7
5 4
x x +1 5x
Solving − 1 ≤ , we have > −2
2 3 4
5 x > −8 …… (2)
x x +1
−1 ≤
2 3 8
x>−
3 x − 6 ≤ 2 x + 2 …… (2) 5
x≤8 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are 8
x>− .
2 5
x<− . Graphical representation:
5

Graphical representation:

29. Rewrite the compound inequality as

3x – 2 > x + 3 and x + 3 ≥ 2x – 5.
27. Rewrite the compound inequality as Solving 3x – 2 > x + 3, we have
x + 1 < 5 and 5 < 2x + 7. 3x − 2 > x + 3
Solving x + 1 < 5, we have 2x > 5
x +1 < 5 5
x> …… (1)
x < 4 …… (1) 2
Solving 5 < 2x + 7, we have Solving x + 3 ≥ 2x – 5, we have
5 < 2x + 7 x + 3 ≥ 2x − 5
2 x > −2 x≤8 …… (2)
…… (2)
x > −1 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are 5
–1 < x < 4. < x≤8 .
2
Graphical representation:
Graphical representation:

28. Rewrite the compound inequality as 30. 3x + 1 ≤ y – 2

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

3x – y ≤ –3
Draw the line 3x – y = –3.

34.

31. 2(2x – 1) < 3(y – x) + 1

4x – 2 < 3y – 3x + 1
7x – 3y < 3
Draw the line 7x – 3y = 3.

35.

32. 3x – 4y > –2x + 2y

5x – 6y > 0
Draw the line 5x – 6y = 0.

36.
33. –2x + 3y ≥ 3x – y
5x – 4y ≤ 0
Draw the line 5x – 4y = 0.

37.

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 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

2. (a) Evaluate the value of 2x + 3y for the point (1, 1).

∵ 2x + 3y = 2(1) + 3(1) = 5 < 6
∴ One inequality is 2x + 3y ≤ 6.
∴ The system of inequalities is
2 x + 3 y ≤ 6

x ≥ 0 .
y ≥ 0


38.

(b)

Draw the line x + y = 0.

Translate the line x + y = 0 in the positive direction of
the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (3, 0).
∴ Maximum value of P = 3 + 0 = 3
Translate the line x + y = 0 in the negative direction of
39.
the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (0, 0).
Exercise 13B (p. 127) ∴ Minimum value of P = 0 + 0 = 0

Level 1 3. (a) Evaluate the values of 3x – 2y, x + 2y and 2y + 9x at

1. (a) The system of inequalities is the point (1, 1).
∵ 3x – 2y = 3(1) – 2(1) = 1 > –6
0 ≤ x ≤ 5
 . ∴ One inequality is 3x – 2y ≥ –6.
1 ≤ y ≤ 4 ∵ x + 2y = 1 + 2(1) = 3 > 2
∴ One inequality is x + 2y ≥ 2.
∵ 2y + 9x = 2(1) + 9 = 11 ≤ 18
∴ One inequality is 2y ≤ –9x + 18.
∴ The system of inequalities is
3 x − 2 y ≥ −6

x + 2 y ≥ 2 .
2 y ≤ −9 x + 18


(b)

Draw the line x + y = 0.

Translate the line x + y = 0 in the positive direction of
the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (5, 4).
∴ Maximum value of P = 5 + 4 = 9
Translate the line x + y = 0 in the negative direction of
the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P. (b)
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (0, 1).
Draw the line x + y = 0.
∴ Minimum value of P = 0 + 1 = 1 Translate the line x + y = 0 in the positive direction of

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.

From the graph, P attains its maximum at (1, 4.5).
∴ Maximum value of P = 1 + 4.5 = 5.5
Translate the line x + y = 0 in the negative direction of
the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (–1, 1.5).
∴ Minimum value of P = –1 + 1.5 = 0.5

4. (a) Evaluate the values of x – 2y, 2x + 3y and 4x – y at

the point (3, 2).
∵ x – 2y = 3 – 2(2) = –1 > –5
∴ One inequality is x – 2y ≥ –5.
∵ 2x + 3y = 2(3) + 3(2) = 12 > 11
∴ One inequality is 2x + 3y ≥ 11.
5.
∵ 4x – y = 4(3) – 2 = 10 < 15
∴ One inequality is 4x – y ≤ 15.
∴ The system of inequalities is Draw the line x + 3y = 0.
Translate the line x + 3y = 0 in the positive direction of the
 x − 2 y ≥ −5 x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.

2 x + 3 y ≥ 11 . From the graph, P attains its maximum at (0, 5).
4 x − y ≤ 15 ∴ Maximum value of P = 0 + 3(5) = 15

Translate the line x + 3y = 0 in the negative direction of the
x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (0, –4).
∴ Minimum value of P = 0 + 3(–4) = −12

(b)

Draw the line x + y = 0.

Translate the line x + y = 0 in the positive direction of
the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (5, 5).
∴ Maximum value of P = 5 + 5 = 10
Translate the line x + y = 0 in the negative direction of
the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (1, 3).
∴ Minimum value of P = 1 + 3 = 4 6.

Draw the line 4x + y + 2 = 0.

Translate the line 4x + y + 2 = 0 in the positive direction of
the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (2, 9).
∴ Maximum value of P = 4(2) + 9 + 2 = 19
Translate the line 4x + y + 2 = 0 in the negative direction
of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (–1, 7).
∴ Minimum value of P = 4(–1) + 7 + 2 = 5

62

9.
7.
Draw the line 2x + 3y + 2 = 0.
Translate the line 2x + 3y + 2 = 0 in the positive direction
of the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (2, 4).
∴ Maximum value of P = 2(2) + 3(4) + 2 = 18
Translate the line 2x + 3y + 2 = 0 in the negative direction
of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P. From the
graph, P attains its minimum at (2, 1).
∴ Minimum value of P = 2(2) + 3(1) + 2 = 9
10.
8.
Draw the line x + 2y + 1 = 0.
Translate the line x + 2y + 1 = 0 in the positive direction of
the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (3, 5).
∴ Maximum value of P = 3 + 2(5) + 1 = 14
Translate the line x + 2y + 1 = 0 in the negative
direction of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (1, 2).
∴ Minimum value of P = 1 + 2(2) + 1 = 6
Level 2
13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns
Draw the line 2x + y – 5 = 0.
Translate the line 2x + y – 5 = 0 in the positive direction of
the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (4, 2).
∴ Maximum value of P = 2(4) + 2 – 5 = 5
Translate the line 2x + y – 5 = 0 in the negative
direction of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (0, 0).
∴ Minimum value of P = 2(0) + 0 – 5 = −5
Draw the line 2x + y + 1 = 0.
Translate the line 2x + y + 1 = 0 in the positive direction of
the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, 2x + y + 1 = P coincides with the straight
line 2x + y = 6.
∴ Maximum value of P = 6 + 1 = 7
Translate the line 2x + y + 1 = 0 in the negative
direction of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (0, 0).
∴ Minimum value of P = 2(0) + 0 + 1 = 1
63
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

11.

Draw the line x + 2y + 3 = 0.

13.
Translate the line x + 2y + 3 = 0 in the positive direction of
the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (3, 3).
∴ Maximum value of P = 3 + 2(3) + 3 = 12
Translate the line x + 2y + 3 = 0 in the negative direction
of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (5, –3).
∴ Minimum value of P = 5 + 2(–3) + 3 = 2
Draw the line 2x + 4y = 0.
Translate the line 2x + 4y = 0 in the positive direction of
the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (4, 7).
∴ Maximum value of P = 2(4) + 4(7) = 36
Translate the line 2x + 4y = 0 in the negative direction of
the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (3, 0).
∴ Minimum value of P = 2(3) + 4(0) = 6

12.

Draw the line x + y = 0.

Translate the line x + y = 0 in the positive direction of the
x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (5, 6). 14.
∴ Maximum value of P = 5 + 6 = 11 Draw the line 3x + 2y = 0.
Translate the line x + y = 0 in the negative direction of the Translate the line 3x + 2y = 0 in the positive direction of
x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P. the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (1, 0). From the graph, 3x + 2y = P coincides with the straight
∴ Minimum value of P = 1 + 0 = 1 line 3x + 2y = 7.
∴ Maximum value of P = 7
Translate the line 3x + 2y = 0 in the negative direction of
the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
 1 1
From the graph, P attains its minimum at  − 5 ,−5  .
 4 2
 1  1 107
P = 3 − 5  + 2 − 5  = −
∴ Minimum value of  4  2 4

64

15. (a)
16. (a)
(b) (i) Draw the line x + 3y = 0.
Translate the line x + 3y = 0 in the positive
direction of the x-axis to obtain increasing values
of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at
(1.5, 2.5).
∴ Maximum value of P = 1.5 + 3(2.5) = 9
Translate the line x + 3y = 0 in the negative
direction of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values
of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (–2, –
1).
∴ Minimum value of P = –2 + 3(–1) = −5
(ii)
The black dots in the above figure are feasible
solutions with integral x- and y- coordinates.
Translate the line x + 3y = 0 in the positive
direction of the x-axis to obtain increasing values
of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (2, 2).
∴ Maximum value of P = 2 + 3(2) = 8
Translate the line x + 3y = 0 in the negative
direction of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values
of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (–2, –
1).
∴ Minimum value of P = (–2) + 3(–1) = −5
Exercise 13C (p. 137)
Level 1
13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns
(b) (i) Draw the line x + 2y – 1 = 0.
Translate the line x + 2y – 1 = 0 in the positive
direction of the x-axis to obtain increasing values
of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (1.5, 5).
∴ Maximum value of P = 1.5 + 2(5) – 1 = 10.5
Translate the line x + 2y – 1 = 0 in the negative
direction of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values
of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (–2, –2).
∴ Minimum value of P = (–2) + 2(–2) – 1 = −7
(ii)
The black dots in the above figure are feasible
solutions with integral x- and y- coordinates.
Translate the line x + 2y – 1 = 0 in the positive
direction of the x-axis to obtain increasing values
of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (1, 4).
∴ Maximum value of P = 1 + 2(4) – 1 = 8
Translate the line x + 2y – 1 = 0 in the negative
direction of the x-axis to obtain decreasing values
of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (–2, –
2).
∴ Minimum value of P = (–2) + 2(–2) – 1 = −7
65
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

1. The constraints are:

x ≥ 0

y ≥ 0

2 x + y ≥ 6
 x + 3 y ≥ 8

4 x + 6 y ≤ 150

2. The constraints are:  x + y ≤ 20
 x and y are non -negative integers.

After simplification, we have:
2 x + 3 y ≤ 75

 x + y ≤ 20
 x and y are non -negative integers. From the graph, C attains its maximum at (10, 3).

∴ The company should hire 10 bus A and 3 bus B.
∴ The minimum cost = $[150(10) + 200(3)]
2 x + 5 y ≤ 100
14 = $2100
 30
x+ y≥7
3. The constraints are:  60 60
 5. (a) The constraints are:
 x and y are non -negative integers.
5 x + 20 y ≤ 600
After simplification, we have: 
2 x + 5 y ≤ 100  x + y ≤ 60
  x and y are non -negative integers.
7 x + 15 y ≥ 210 
 x and y are non -negative integers. After simplification, we have:

 x + 4 y ≤ 120

4. (a) The constraints are:  x + y ≤ 60
 x and y are non -negative integers.
30 x + 50 y ≥ 450 

600 x + 300 y ≥ 6000
 x and y are non -negative integers.

After simplification, we have:
3x + 5 y ≥ 45

2 x + y ≥ 20
 x and y are non -negative integers.


(b)

(b)

(c) Let $C be the cost, then

C = 150x + 200y (c) Let $P be the income, then
P = 15x + 45y

66
 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

From the graph, P attains its maximum at (8, 8).

From the graph, P attains its maximum at (40, 20). ∴ The maximum profit = $[50(8) + 30(8)] = $640
∴ The car park can obtain maximum income when
there are 40 cars and 20 trucks in the car park. 7. (a) The constraints are:
450 x + 750 y ≤ 11 400
6. (a) The constraints are: 
 x + y ≤ 20
6 x + 4 y ≤ 80  x and y are non -negative integers.
 
2 x + y ≤ 24 After simplification, we have:
 x and y are non -negative integers.
 3x + 5 y ≤ 76
After simplification, we have: 
 x + y ≤ 20
3x + 2 y ≤ 40  x and y are non -negative integers.
 
2 x + y ≤ 24
 x and y are non -negative integers.


(b)

(c) Let $P be the profit, then

P = 240x + 300y

(b)

(c) Let $P be the profit, then

P = 50x + 30y

From the graph, P attains its maximum at (12, 8).

∴ The farmer should buy 12 sheep and 8 pigs.

67
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

∴ The maximum profit = $[240(12) + 300(8)]

= $5280

8. (a) The constraints are:

50 x + 20 y ≥ 250

y ≥ x
 x and y are non -negative integers.

After simplification, we have:
5 x + 2 y ≥ 25

y ≥ x
 x and y are non -negative integers.


(b)

(c) Let $C be the cost, then

C = 50x + 70y

(b)

(c) Let $C be the cost, then

C = 160x + 75y

From the graph, C attains its minimum at (4, 3).

∴ Weight of food P : weight of food Q = 4 : 3
4 3
∴ There should be kg of food P and kg of food
7 7
From the graph, C attains its minimum at (3, 5).
∴ The lorry should make 3 journeys and the van Q in each kg of the mixture so as to minimize the
cost.
should make 5 journeys.
∴ The minimum cost = $[160(3) + 75(5)] = $855 10. (a) The constraints are:
10 x + 2 y ≥ 20
Level 2 
4 x + 4 y ≥ 24
9. (a) The constraints are: 2 x + 8 y ≥ 24
2 x + y ≥ 9 x ≥ 0
 
 x + y ≥ 7  y ≥ 0
 x + 2 y ≥ 10 After simplification, we have:
x ≥ 0

 y ≥ 0

68
 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

5 x + y ≥ 10 After simplification, we have:

 2 x + y ≥ 100
 x + y ≥ 6 
 x + 4 y ≥ 12  x + y ≥ 80
x ≥ 0  x + 3 y ≥ 120
 x ≥ 0
 y ≥ 0 
 y ≥ 0

(b)
(b)

(c) Let $C be the cost, then 3

(c) Let $p be the cost of 1 g of ore P and $ p be the cost
C = 9x + 6y 2
of 1 g of ore Q.
Let $C be the cost, then
3
C = px + py
2

From the graph, C attains its minimum at (1, 5).

∴ Weight of ingredient A : weight of ingredient B From the graph, C attains its minimum at (60, 20).
=1:5 ∴ 60 g of ore P and 20 g of ore Q should be
combined in order to minimize the cost of a unit
1 5
∴ There should be kg of ingredient A and kg of of alloy G.
6 6
ingredient B in 1 kg of fertilizer so as to minimize 12. Let x L and y L be the volumes of drink P and drink Q
the cost. respectively.
The constraints are:
11. (a) The constraints are:
 1
0.2 x + 0.1y ≥ 10 0.4 x + 3 y ≤ 12
 
0.1x + 0.1 y ≥ 8 0.6 x + 2 y ≤ 20
0.1x + 0.3 y ≥ 12  3
x ≥ 0 
 x ≥ 0
 y ≥ 0 y ≥ 0

After simplification, we have:

69
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

6 x + 5 y ≤ 180 (c) Cost of transportation from East Depot = $(60x + 80y)

 Cost of transportation from West Depot
9 x + 10 y ≤ 300 = $[30(100 – x) + 20(50 – y)]

x ≥ 0 = $(4000 – 30x – 20y)
 y ≥ 0 Let $C be the total transportation cost.
Let $M be the profit, then M = 8.2x + 8y. C = (60x + 80y) + (4000 – 30x – 20y)
= 30x + 60y + 4000
∴ The total transportation cost is
$(30x + 60y + 4000).

From the graph, M attains its maximum at (20, 12).

(d)
∴ 20 L of drink P and 12 L of drink Q should be made
to maximize the profit. From the graph, C attains its minimum at (100, 10).
∴ Paul receives 100 tonnes of medicine from East
13. (a) ∵ Paul receives x tonnes of medicine from East Depot.
Depot, while William receives 10 tonnes of
∴ Paul receives (100 – x) tonnes of medicine from medicine from East Depot and 40 tonnes of
West Depot. medicine from West Depot.
∵ William receives y tonnes of medicine from
East Depot. Revision Exercise 13 (p. 142)
∴ William receives (50 – y) tonnes of medicine
from West Depot. Level 1
The constraints are: 1. Solving 4 x + 6 ≥ 1 , we have
 x + y ≤ 240 4x + 6 ≥ 1

(100 − x) + (50 − y ) ≤ 40 4 x ≥ −5

0 ≤ x ≤ 100 5 ……(1)
0 ≤ y ≤ 50 x≥−
4
After simplification, we have:
 x + y ≤ 240 Solving 3x – 2 > 5, we have
 3x − 2 > 5
 x + y ≥ 110
 3x > 7
0 ≤ x ≤ 100
0 ≤ y ≤ 50 7 ……(2)
x>
3
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
7
x> .
3
Graphical representation:

(b)

70
 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

x ≥ 12.
2. Solving 5 x − 3 > x + 1 , we have Graphical representation:
5x − 3 > x + 1
4x > 4
x >1 ……(1)
Solving 4x + 1> 2x – 5, we have
4x + 1 > 2x − 5
5. Rewrite the compound inequality as
2 x > −6
……(2) −5 < 2x + 3 and 2x + 3 ≤ 11.
x > −3
Solving −5 < 2x + 3, we have
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). −5 < 2 x + 3
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
2 x > −8
x > 1.
x > −4 ……(1)
Graphical representation:
Solving 2x + 3 ≤ 11, we have
2 x + 3 ≤ 11
2x ≤ 8
x≤4 ……(2)
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
3. Solving 2x – 3 ≤ 5, we have ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
2x − 3 ≤ 5 −4 < x ≤ 4.
2x ≤ 8 Graphical representation:
x≤4 ……(1)
Solving 3x – 2 > 4, we have
3x − 2 > 4
3x > 6
x>2 ……(2)
6. Rewrite the compound inequality as
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
2 − 3x 2 − 3x
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are −3≤ and <4.
2 2
2 < x ≤ 4.
Graphical representation: 2 − 3x
Solving − 3 ≤ , we have
2
2 − 3x
−3 ≤
2
− 6 ≤ 2 − 3x
3x ≤ 8 ……(1)
8
Solving 3 ≤ 1 x − 3 , we have x≤
3
4. 2
2 − 3x
1 Solving < 4 , we have
3≤ x−3 2
2 2 − 3x
1 <4
x≥6 2
2 ……(1)
2 − 3x < 8
x ≥ 12
3 x > −6 ……(2)
3
Solving x – 6 > 0, we have x > −2
4
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
3
x−6 > 0 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
4
8
3 −2 < x ≤ .
x > 6 ……(2) 3
4
Graphical representation:
x >8
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are

71
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

14.

7.

15.

8.

9. Evaluate the value of 5x – 3y + 1 for the point (0, 0).

∵ 5(0) – 3(0) + 1 = 1 > 0
∴ The inequality is 5x – 3y + 1 ≥ 0.

10. Evaluate the value of −2x – 3y + 4 for the point (0, 0).
∵ –2(0) – 3(0) + 4 = 4 > 0
16.
∴ The inequality is –2x – 3y + 4 > 0.

11. Evaluate the values of y and x for the point (2, 1).
∵ y=1<2=x
∴ One inequality is y ≤ x.
∵ x=2>1
∴ One inequality is x ≥ 1.
y ≤ x

∴ The system of inequalities is  x ≥ 1 .
y ≥ 0 17.

Draw the line x + 2y = 0.
12. Evaluate the values of x + y + 1 and y for the point (–1, 2). Translate the line x + 2y = 0 in the negative direction of the
∵ x + y + 1 = –1 + 2 + 1 = 2 > 0 x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
∴ One inequality is x + y + 1 ≥ 0. From the graph, P attains its minimum at (–2, 0).
∵ y=2>1 ∴ Minimum value of P = –2 + 2(0) = −2
∴ One inequality is y ≥ 1.
x + y + 1 ≥ 0

∴ The system of inequalities is  y ≥ 1 .
x ≤ 0


13.

72
 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

Translate the line x – 2y = 0 in the negative direction of the

x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P does not attain any minimum value.

21. (a) The constraints are:

2 x + y ≤ 30

3x + 4 y ≤ 60
18.  x and y are non-negative integers.

Draw the line x + 2y = 0.
Translate the line x + 2y = 0 in the negative direction of the
x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (−1, 1).
∴ Minimum value of P = −1 + 2(1) = 1 .

(b)

(c) Let $P be the profit, then

P = 30x + 20y

19.

Draw the line 3x + y = 0.

Translate the line 3x + y = 0 in the positive direction of the
x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (7, 6).
∴ Maximum value of P = 3(7) + 6 = 27
Translate the line 3x + y = 0 in the negative direction of the
x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (2, 6).
∴ Minimum value of P = 3(2) + 6 = 12 From the graph, P attains its maximum at (12, 6).
∴ The carpenter should make 12 cupboards and 6
bookshelves.
∴ The maximum profit = $[30(12) + 20(6)]
= $480

22. (a) The constraints are:

2000 x + 1000 y ≤ 10 000

 1
x ≥ y
 2
 x and y are non-negative integers.
20. After simplification, we have:
2 x + y ≤ 10
Draw the line x – 2y = 0. 
2 x ≥ y
Translate the line x – 2y = 0 in the positive direction of the  x and y are non-negative integers.
x-axis to obtain increasing values of P. 
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (2, –1).
∴ Maximum value of P = 2 – 2(–1) = 4

73
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

(b)

From the graph, P attains its maximum at (8, 8).

∴ 8 pieces of toy A and 8 pieces of toy B should be
produced weekly.
∴ The maximum profit = $[24(8) + 20(8)]
= $352

Level 2
(c)
1
The number of monitors bought is x + y. From the 24. Solving 3x + ≥ 5x + 1, we have
2
graph, it attains its maximum at (3, 4).
1
∴ The company can bought a maximum of 7 3x + ≥ 5x + 1
monitors. 2
1
2x ≤ −
23. (a) The constraints are: 2 ……(1)
3x + 2 y ≤ 40 x≤−
1
 4
 x + 2 y ≤ 24
 x and y are non-negative integers. 3x + 1 2 x + 1
 Solving ≤ , we have
4 3
3x + 1 2 x + 1
≤
4 3
9 x + 3 ≤ 8x + 4
……(2)
x ≤1
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
1
x≤− .
4
Graphical representation:

(b)

(c) Let $P be the profit, then

P = 24x + 20y
25. Solving 4(x + 2) ≤3(2x − 1), we have
4( x + 2) ≤ 3(2 x − 1)
4x + 8 ≤ 6x − 3
2 x ≥ 11
11 ……(1)
x≥
2
1
Solving 2( x − 1) + ( x − 3) ≥ 1 , we have
2

74
 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

1 x x 5x
2( x − 1) + ( x − 3) ≥ 1 + ≥ 3+
2 2 3 4
4( x − 1) + ( x − 3) ≥ 2 6 x + 4 x ≥ 36 + 15 x
5x − 7 ≥ 2 5 x ≤ −36
5 x ≥ 9 ……(2) 36 ……(2)
x≤−
9 5
x≥ ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
5
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are 36
x≤− .
11 5
x≥ .
2 Graphical representation:
Graphical representation:

28. Rewrite the compound inequality as

x x −1 3 3
26. Solving 3x + 2 < − 1 , we have < ( x + 2) and ( x + 2) ≤ 2 x − 3 .
3 2 8 8
x x −1 3
3x + 2 < − 1 Solving < ( x + 2) , we have
3 2 8
9x + 6 < x − 3 x −1 3
< ( x + 2)
8 x < −9 ……(1) 2 8
9 4( x − 1) < 3( x + 2)
x<− ……(1)
8 4 x − 4 < 3x + 6
x x < 10
Solving − 3 < x + 1 , we have
2 3
Solving ( x + 2) ≤ 2 x − 3 , we have
x 8
− 3 < x +1
2 3
( x + 2) ≤ 2 x − 3
x − 6 < 2x + 2 8
……(2)
x > −8 3( x + 2) ≤ 8(2 x − 3)
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). 3 x + 6 ≤ 16 x − 24
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are 13x ≥ 30 ……(2)
9
−8 < x < − . 30
8 x≥
Graphical representation: 13
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
30
≤ x < 10 .
13
Graphical representation:

27. Solving 4x + 6 ≤ 2(x – 1) + 4, we have

4 x + 6 ≤ 2( x − 1) + 4
4x + 6 ≤ 2x + 2
2 x ≤ −4 ……(1)
x ≤ −2 29. Rewrite the compound inequality as
x x 5x 3 – 2x > 2 – x and 2 – x ≥ 4 – 3x.
Solving + ≥ 3 + , we have Solving 3 – 2x > 2 – x, we have
2 3 4
3 − 2x > 2 − x
x <1 ……(1)

75
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

Solving 2 – x ≥ 4 – 3x, we have

2 − x ≥ 4 − 3x
2x ≥ 2
x ≥1 ……(2)
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ There are no solutions.

34.

Draw the line 4x + 6y = 0.

Translate the line 4x + 6y = 0 in the positive direction of
the x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (1, 4).
30. ∴ Maximum value of P = 4(1) + 6(4) = 28
Translate the line 4x + 6y = 0 in the negative direction of
the x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P does not attain any minimum.

31.

35.

Draw the line 4x + y = 0.

Translate the line 4x + y = 0 in the positive direction of the
x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P does not attain any maximum value.
Translate the line 4x + y = 0 in the negative direction of the
32. x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (1, 4).
∴ Minimum value of P = 4(1) + 4 = 8

33.
36. (a)

76
 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

(b) From the graph, C attains its minimum at (3, 3).

∴ The minimum cost = $[50(3) + 30(3)]
The black dots in the above figure show all the = $240
feasible solutions with integral x- and y-coordinates.
Draw the line x + y = 0. 38. (a) The constraints are:
Translate the line x + y = 0 in the positive direction of
0.6 x + 0.5 y ≤ 16.5
the x-axis to obtain increasing value of P. 
From the graph, P coincides with the straight line 0.2 x + 0.3 y ≤ 7.5
x + y = 4. 0.2 x + 0.2 y ≤ 6
∴ Maximum value of P = 4 x ≥ 0

 y ≥ 0
37. (a) The constraints are:
After simplification, we have:
10 x + 5 y ≥ 45
 6 x + 5 y ≤ 165
0.1x + 0.9 y ≥ 1.8 
2 x + 3 y ≤ 75
10 x + 30 y ≥ 120
x ≥ 0  x + y ≤ 30
 x ≥ 0
 y ≥ 0 
 y ≥ 0
After simplification, we have:
2 x + y ≥ 9

 x + 9 y ≥ 18
 x + 3 y ≥ 12
x ≥ 0

 y ≥ 0

(b)

(b)
(c) Let $P be the profit, then
P = 6x + 8y
(c) Let $C be the cost, then C = 50x + 30y.

77
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

3 x + 2 y ≥ 60

 x + y ≥ 25

0 ≤ x ≤ 24
0 ≤ y ≤ 24

From the graph, P attains its maximum at (15, 15).

∴ The maximum profit = $[6(15) + 8(15)]
= $210 (b)

39. Let x and y be the numbers of refrigerators A and B

produced respectively.
The constraints are:
2 x + 3 y ≤ 12
 (c) Let $C be the cost, then
4 x + 3 y ≤ 18 C = 100x + 80y
 x and y are non-negative integers.


Let $P be the profit, then

P = 300x + 300y From the graph, C attains its minimum at (10, 15)
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (3, 2). ∴ The minimum daily production cost
∴ The number of refrigerators A and B should be = $[100(10) + 80(15)]
produced are 3 and 2 respectively. = $2200
∴ The maximum profit = $[300(3) + 300(2)]
= $1500 41. (a) The constraints are:
200 x + 250 y ≤ 1700
40. (a) The constraints are: 1.2 x + 1.8 y ≤ 10.8

108 x + 72 y ≥ 2160 
 x ≥ 3
 x + y ≥ 25  x and y are non-negative integers.

0 ≤ x ≤ 24 After simplification, we have:
0 ≤ y ≤ 24 4 x + 5 y ≤ 34
After simplification, we have: 2 x + 3 y ≤ 18


x ≥ 3
 x and y are non-negative integers.

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 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

 x + y ≤ 30

 x + y ≥ 20

0 ≤ x ≤ 20
0 ≤ y ≤ 15

(b)

(b)

(c) Cost of transporting coal to customer A

= $[7x + 3(20 – x)]
=$(4x + 60)
Cost of transporting coal to customer B
(c) Let N be total number of seats provided, then
N = 4x + 8y = $[4y +2(15 − y)]
=$(2y + 30)
Let $C be the total transportation cost.
C = (4x + 60) + (2y + 30) = 4x + 2y + 90

From the graph, N attains its maximum at (3, 4). From the graph, C attains its minimum at (5, 15).
∴ The man should buy 3 table A and 4 table B. ∴ The minimum transportation cost
∴ The maximum number of seats = 4(3) + 8(4) = $[4(5) + 2(15) + 90]
= 44 = $140

42. (a) ∵ x tonnes of coals are sent from P to A. Multiple Choice Questions (p. 148)
∴ (20 – x) tonnes of coals are sent from Q to A. 1. Answer : C
∵ y tonnes of coals are sent from P to B. Solving 2x – 3 ≤ 7, we have
∴ (15 – y) tones of coals are sent from Q to B. 2x − 3 ≤ 7
The constraints are:
2 x ≤ 10
 x + y ≤ 30
 x≤5
(20 − x ) + (15 − y ) ≤ 15 ∴ x > 2 and x ≤ 5

0 ≤ x ≤ 20 ∴ 2<x≤5
0 ≤ y ≤ 15
After simplification, we have: 2. Answer : B
For option B:
Solving 2x + 3 > x + 1, we have

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

x > –2 ……(1)
Solving 5 – x > 2x – 4, we have
5 – x > 2x – 4
3x < 9
x < 3 ……(2)
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
–2 < x < 3.
∴ B is the answer.

3. Answer: D
∵ –1 + 0 = –1 < 0
∴ The region containing (–1, 0) is not the solution.
∴ A is not the answer.
∵ 0 – 1 = –1 < 0 Translate the line x – y = 0 in the negative direction of the
∴ The region containing (0, 1) is not the solution. x-axis to obtain decreasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (0, 3).
∴ B is not the answer.
∵ 0 + (–1) = –1 < 0 6. Answer : B
∴ The region containing (0, –1) is not the solution.
∴ C is not the answer.
∵ 1 + 0 = 1 > 0 and 1 – 0 = 1 > 0
∴ The region containing (1, 0) is the solution.
∴ D is the answer.
4. Answer: D
Draw the line 2x – y = 0.

The region that satisfies the constraints is shaded in the

Translate the line 2x – y = 0 in the positive direction of the
x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (3, 1).
∴ Maximum value of P = 2(3) – 1 = 5
5. Answer: B
Draw the line x – y = 0.
figure above.
Draw the line x + 4y = 0.
Translate the line x + 4y = 0 in the positive direction of the
x-axis to obtain increasing values of P.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (0, 2).
∴ Maximum value of P = 0 + 4(2) = 8
7. Answer : D
From the inequality x ≥ 0, any region containing point
(a, b) with a < 0 is not the solution of x ≥ 0.
∴ Any region containing point (a, b) with a < 0 is not
the solution of the system of inequalities.
∵ Only region IV does not contain any point (a, b) with
a < 0.
∴ Region IV represents the solutions of the system of
inequalities.

8. Answer: C
Consider the point (1.5, 0) in the shaded region.
∵ x = 1.5 ≥ /2
∴ I is false.
∵ x + y = 1.5 + 0 = 1.5 ≤ /1
∴ II is false.

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 13 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

∵ x + y = 1.5 + 0 = 1.5 > 1

∴ (1.5, 0) satisfies x + y ≥ 1
∴ III is true.

9. Answer : D
Consider the point (–1.5, 2) in the shaded region.
∵ y=2<3
∴ One inequality is y ≤ 3.
∵ x + y = –1.5 + 2 = 0.5 > 0
∴ One inequality is x + y ≥ 0,
i.e. y ≥ –x
∵ x – y + 3 = –1.5 – 2 + 3 = –0.5 < 0
∴ One inequality is x – y + 3 ≤ 0,
i.e. x – y ≤ –3
∴ The system of the inequalities is
y ≤ 3

 y ≥ −x .
 x − y ≤ −3


10. Answer: A
Check the values of C = px + qy – 2 at the vertices.
At (–p, –q), C = p(–p) + q(–q) – 2 = –(p2 + q2 + 2)
At (p, q), C = p(p) + q(q) – 2 = p2 + q2 – 2
At (–p, q), C = p(–p) + q(q) – 2 = –p2 + q2 – 2
At (–q, p), C = p(–q) + q(p) – 2 = –2
∵ For fixed values of p and q, –(p2 + q2 + 2) is the
minimum.
∴ C attains its minimum at (–p, –q).

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