2006 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﺮض ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺎرس‬

‫ ﺳﻠﻚ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت‬1

Moustaouli Mohamed

1‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﻧﺤﺪد اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت‬-1
x +1 −1 x 1 1
lim = lim × =
x →0 tan x x→0 tan x x +1 +1 2
 1  1
x  1 + + 1 1+ +1
x+ x + x  x  x
li m li m li m =2
x →+∞ x +1 x →+∞ 1 x →+∞ 1
x 1+ 1+
x x
cos x (1 + sin x ) cos x 1 + sin x
lim = lim = lim ‫* ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
π 1 − sin x π 1 − sin 2
x π cos x
x→ x→ x→
2 2 2
cos x 1 + sin x cos x 1 + sin x
lim = lim = +∞ ‫و‬ lim = lim = −∞ ‫و ﻣﻨﻪ‬
π − 1 − sin x π − cos x π + 1 − sin x π + cos x
x→ x→ x→ x→
2 2 2 2

π   π π 
1+ 2 sin  − x  2 sin + sin  − x 
1 + co s x − s i n x 4  = li m  4 4 
li m = li m
x → s i n x + co s x − 1 x → π   π π
π π π 
2 2 co s  − x  − 1 2 2  cos  − x  − cos 
x→
2
4   4  4
π x x x
2 s i n  −  co s   cos
= lim 4 2  2  = lim 2 =1
x→ − 2 s i n  π − x  s i n  − x 
π π
x→ s i n
x
2     2
2
4 2  2
+
∀x ∈ x ≤ x sin x + 2 x ≤ 3 x ‫∀ و ﻣﻨﻪ‬x ∈ + −1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1 ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ *
lim x sin x + 2 x = +∞ ‫ ﻓﺎن‬lim x = +∞ ‫وﺣﻴﺚ أن‬
x→+∞ x→+∞

*  1  2 
3x − 2 x 2 ≺ x 2  E   + E    ≤ 3 x
∀x ∈ ‫ ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن‬-2
 x  x 
1 1 1 2 2 2
∀x ∈ * −1 ≺ E   ≤ et − 1 ≺ E   ≤ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
x  x x x x x
*  1  2  3 1 2 3
∀x ∈ 3x − 2 x 2 ≺ x 2  E   + E    ≤ 3 x ‫∀ إذن‬x ∈ * − 2 ≺ E   + E   ≤ ‫و ﻣﻨﻪ‬
 x  x  x  x  x x
 1  2 
lim x 2  E   + E    ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
x→0   x  x 
 1  2 
lim x 2  E   + E    = 0 ‫وﻣﻨﻪ‬ lim 3x = 0 ; lim 3x − 2 x 2 = 0 ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
x→0  x  x  x→0 x→+∞
2‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
 f x = x2 + 2 x
 ( )
x≥0
 2 − 2 cos x
 f ( x) = x≺0
 x
0 ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬f ‫ﻧﺪرس اﺗﺼﺎل‬
1 − cos x 1
lim f ( x ) = lim 2
× 2x = ×0 = 0 ; lim f ( x ) = lim x2 + 2 x = 0
x→0 −
x →0 +
x 2 x →0 +
x →0 +

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 ‫إذن ‪ f‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪0‬‬ ‫و ﻣﻨﻪ ) ‪lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f ( 0‬‬
‫‪x →0 −‬‬ ‫‪x →0 +‬‬
‫ﻧﺪرس اﺷﺘﻘﺎق ‪ f‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪0‬‬
‫)‪f ( x ) − f (0‬‬ ‫‪1 − cos x‬‬ ‫)‪f ( x ) − f ( 0‬‬
‫‪x2 + 2 x‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪= lim‬‬ ‫‪×2 =1‬‬ ‫;‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪= lim‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫∞‪= +‬‬
‫‪x→0−‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x →0 +‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬ ‫‪x →0 +‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x →0 +‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x →0+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫إذن ‪ f‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻤﻴﻦ ‪ 0‬و ‪ f‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺴﺎر ‪ 0‬و ‪f g ' ( 0 ) = 1‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‪3‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺤﺐ ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ و ﺑﺪون إﺣﻼل ﺛﻼث آﺮات‪.‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻧﺤﺪد ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﺤﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﻤﺮاء و ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪1‬‬
‫‪R1 R1 X‬‬ ‫أو‬ ‫هﺬﻩ اﻟﺴﺤﺒﺎت ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪R1 R1 X‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﺤﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﻤﺮاء و ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪ 1‬هﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪A 71 . A 31 . A 81 + A 32 . A 81 = 2 1 6‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ أن‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻧﺤﺪد ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﺤﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪ ax 2 + bx + c = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪد ‪ a‬ﻳﻤﺜﻞ رﻗﻢ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺤﻮﺑﺔ و ‪ b‬ﻳﻤﺜﻞ رﻗﻢ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ و ‪ c‬ﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ b 2 − 4ac‬أي ‪ac‬‬ ‫⇔‪0‬‬ ‫‪ ax 2 + bx + c = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫و هﺬا ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻷن ‪ a ≥ 1‬و ‪c ≥ 1‬‬ ‫إذا آﺎن ‪ b = 1‬ﻓﺎن ‪ac‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫إذا آﺎن ‪ b = 2‬ﻓﺎن ‪ 1 ac‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫إذا آﺎن ‪ b = 3‬ﻓﺎن ‪ac‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫وﻣﻨﻪ )‪ ( a; b; c ) = (1;3;1‬أو ) ‪ ( a; b; c ) = (1;3; 2‬أو )‪( a; b; c ) = ( 2;3;1‬‬
‫هﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫إذن ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﺤﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪ ax 2 + bx + c = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪A 51 ⋅ A11 ⋅ A 41 + A 41 ⋅ A11 ⋅ A 51 + A 51 ⋅ A11 ⋅ A 41 = 6 0‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪4‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﺄهﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ n‬ﺷﺨﺼﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﻳﺪ أن ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﺠﻠﺴﺎ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ p‬ﺷﺨﺼﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪2 ≤ p ≤ n‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻢ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ و اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ هﻮ ‪Cnp−−22‬‬

‫ب‪ -‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻀﻢ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ و اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ هﻮ ‪Cnp−2‬‬

‫ت‪ -‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻢ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ أو اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ و ﻟﻴﺲ اﻻﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎ هﻮ ‪Cnp−−21 + Cnp−−21 = 2Cnp−−21‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ‪Cnp = Cnp−2 + 2Cnp−−21 + Cnp−−22‬‬

‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ p‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ n‬ﺷﺨﺺ هﻮ ‪Cnp‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ p‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ n‬ﺷﺨﺺ هﻮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻢ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫و اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ و اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻀﻢ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ و اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ و اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻢ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ أو اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ و‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ اﻻﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪http://arabmaths.ift.fr‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي‬

 Cnp = Cnp−2 + 2Cnp−−21 + Cnp−−22 ‫إذن‬

5‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
p=n
∀n ∈ ∗
∑ C2p+1 = C3n +2 ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺟﻊ أن‬ (1
p =1
p =1
n = 1 ‫إذن اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ‬ ∑ C2p+1 =C22 = 1 ‫و‬ C13+2 = C33 = 1 ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ n = 1 ‫ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ‬
p =1
p = n +1 p=n
∑ C2p+1 = C3n +3 ‫ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ أن‬ ∑ C2p+1 = C3n +2 ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺘﺮض أن‬
p =1 p =1
p = n +1 p=n
∑ C2p+1 = C2n +1+1 + ∑ C2p+1 = C2n +2 + C3n +2 = C3n +3
p =1 p =1
p=n
∀n ∈ ∗
∑ C2p+1 = C3n +2 ‫إذن‬
p =1

S = (1 × 2 ) + (2 × 3) + (3 × 4) + ..... + (n(n+1)) : ‫( ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬2

(1 × 2 ) + (2 × 3) + (3 × 4) + ..... + (n(n+1))
= C3n +2 ‫ أي‬C22 + C32 + C24 + ..... + C2n +1 = C3n +2 ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
2
n ( n + 1)( n + 2 )
S = 2 C3n +2 = ‫إذن‬
3
6‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
f ( x ) = ( x + 1) ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑـ‬f ‫ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬. n ≥ 2 ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬n ∈
n
‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ‬f ' ( x ) ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺴﺎب‬
k=n k=n k=n
C= ∑ (2k +1)Cnk B= ∑ (k +1)Cnk A= ∑ kCnk ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
k=0 k=0 k=1
n −1
f ' ( x ) = n ( x + 1) ‫ وﻣﻨﻪ‬f ( x ) = ( x + 1)
n
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
 n  n n
( f ( x ) ) ' =  ∑ C nk x k  ' =
 ∑ k C nk x k −1 ‫ وﻣﻨﻪ‬f ( x ) = ∑ Cnk x k ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
 k =0  k =1 k =0
n n
n −1
n 2n−1 = ∑ kCnk = A ‫ ﻓﺎن‬x = 1 ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ n ( x + 1) = ∑ kCnk x k −1 ‫وﻣﻨﻪ‬
k =1 k =1
k =n k =n k =n k
B= ∑ (k + 1)Cnk = n + ∑ kCnk + ∑ C
n =n + n2n−1 + 2n
k =0 k =1 k =0
k =n k =n k =n
C= ∑ (2k + 1)Cnk = 2n + 2 ∑ kCnk + ∑ Cnk =2n + n2n + 2n
k =0 k =1 k =0

http://arabmaths.ift.fr ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي‬