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(7.t)
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(7 2)
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(7 3)

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Ma''IKo-ynpa.B Karo xpaey pe3v'ITar ce Jlo'lyqaBa MHoro paBHa Ha H ueroeafa qecrora ure 6rae npaKrHqecK' Taxa HaalH o6{-8ara.Ha^3aA'bpxaHe ynpaBqecrorara Ha cBo6oaHoro rperlreHl4e f" e paBHo'Ha Hy"Ia' ,,rqBauloro HartpexeHue Ha IVH rlpaKTuqecKn ""'"Xo'auto e cuuxpoHH3HpaH c'bc cHrHar'la' B cl'{'la e $opnaylara

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ce aaBa c H3pa3a RC a"""o, HeroBara npeaaBareJ'IHa Synxunn

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g.npeacraeeHa rpa$Hvuo 3aBHcHMocrra Ha yrrpaBr'rflBarloro HanpeU",,, eta $yHxqna or rlecrorara Ha chrHaJra, Ho ro3r.i ntr eauosDe: MeHHO Ca rroKa3aHH O6Xgarrr Ha 3aa'bp)I(aHe a o6xearbr Ha 3axBaulaHe. Cxeuara :a <DAfltI He Mo)xe Aa ce c'HxpoHu3,pa c'bc cufHaJ'I, pa3nor'ro)KeH hseru o6xsara Ha 3axBauaHe, Ho cJ'rea KaTo BeaH.blK cxeMaTa ce cHHXpoHH3l..tpa cbc cilfHaJa, Tq ule ocraHe B cfiHxpoHr43arlilq, AoKaro qecrorara Ha cHrHar'ra H3Jle3e H3B.bH O6Xeara Ha 3aa.l)pxaHe. or rne4Ha roqKa Ha B'b3Mor{Hocrra 3a cHHXpor.rH3'paHe e }KeJlare,rHo cxeMara 3a <DAfl! aa ilMa rro-foJ'rflM o6xsar Ha SaxeauaHe. fo,revHqr o6xgar ua 3axBauraHe o6aue^npanu cxeMara 110-863rrpHeMqHBa cfiprrMo cMyureHr.rs or Hex(e,taHH curHan| 14 uyM. Ja aa ce nocTHrHe MaKCHMaJ'rHO TTOTHCKaHe Ha cMyuleHl.tfTa H LUVMa. OT nDVfa crpaHa, e ueo6roaltr Ma,'l-bK u6xBar Ha JaxBauaHe.'B noae,Jero aryua, ,e*1y Te3r.l ABe nporHBonolroxHu H3HcKBaHuq sa o6xeara Ha 3axBaulaHe ce npaBH pa3yMeH

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217

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Karo Aerexrop Cxeuara sa @Afltl N,roxe MHofo recHo Aa ce H3no,t3Ba 6'roxoea cxeMa Ha iq,ur crrFIarn HLO"'II;,7 4 e no*a3aHa u."t;;;;;oyn"pr"" (l,Al lr' nerehrop Ha 9M cHrHa.rH cbc c\eN{a 3a qecrorHo MoAy"'lHpaHHl cHrHar'r' ^'';i;r;;;-;ara sa OASQ e crHXpoHlr3HpaHa c Ha rlecrorara Ha t"+ Ku IJ,,, e paBHa Ha- MoMeHrrara ctoilsocr "..;;;;;;;ivn f.. xa-to BaxH 3aBHcltvocrra I :l + K' U ' H no ro3l.1 HaqHH ynpaRQM crrua,ra U ,,:tl ' -f JnBa[loro Haflpe]KeHilc ua fvH N4Or{e aa ce ,.ane c i:para 'lK,

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.

xeHH-Ha TaK'bB THn MoAy,'rarlHf. EaHa raxaea cxeMa e noKa3aHa Ha 6ar. 7.5.T11 e noAooHa Ha cxeMara Ha AeMoAyJ'rarop c.bc cxeMa 3a @Anq 3a aHa,,roaoBg qecrorHo MOAyTHpaHH cHrHa!'tH, c H3KrtoqeHHe Ha TOBa, qe TyK e ao6aBeH KoMnapaTop 3a Bb3craHoBflBaHe Ha H3xon.Hriq uuQpoB cHrHar. Axo cxelrara :a <DAfrQ ocraBa criHXpoHa3A.paHa c'bc cHrHaJra ua arcxperuara qec-rorHa MoAy,IalIHq H 3a ABere qecrorri n f:, lnpae,,rqBauloro nanpexeHhe na fVH, xoero ce noaaBa H Ha KoMnaparopa, fr rriaioru"rno cJ,reaHHre croiiHocrn: ule

Ta Il rara npn npexoA or <<0>> xtu <l> e Al:l:_fr. Cxevnre 3a OAIIq Morar aa ce H3noJ,r3Bar 3a AeMoAyJHpaHe

3A TIPEAABAHC HA HHOOPMAqHq OT IBOHqEH THTI, B KOSTO EAHATA I]CCTO. orroBapr ua <<0>>,^a Apyfara qecrora /: Ha <<l>, xaro aeBuauHqra Ha r{ecroHa cHrHarrH, noar,ro_

Moxe Aa ce pa3LtexAa

U."yl:!1,

c'bc croiHocr, eaHaKBo oraareqeHa or aBere ctofiHocru Ur,r, 14 IJ""or, np" roero ce nocrnfa MhHhMaJtHa crouHocr ua.xoeQuqueHra Ha crpeureHnre 6rroge.

Ma OT [IepuoAa Ha fiMnyJrckTe Ha r\4oAy,'lfipaqHs CHTHaJI, TaKa rje Ha H3xOAa My rrpaKTHqecKH Ce noJ'lyqaBa fiocroflHtlo HanpexeHue. Toea nocroqHHo Hanpe)KeHHe e

219

!ucKperHa cecrorHa Moav'au'H'

f.l';.i,i"fl"r-#lT%'ifiii""'"'
cxeMnre ea OAlItl 7.3.2. llpexonua xapaxrepncrr.tKa Ha sa flpexoAHara xapaKreptrcrHKa Ha cxeMHTe
TOpl4 Ha

or MHoro for'lflMo 3HaqeHn" fv"iiu" onpeaeian

AhCKpeTHa'qeCTO'n''to[y"U's'

Ha qeCToTa' e CnpEMo-CTbna-'IHO H3MeHeHI{e

OAtlg'

d3no!'I3BaHu 3a aeMoay"la-

Ha qecrorara or Il ao repucrr4Ka Ha cxeMara t' odriq*"p""t-inunt,o''-**eHhe Ha gau" a""i* qeclorH Ir I Iz ce HaN4rpar e o6xsara Ir:l'*AI.Karo npheMeN4. ' *urutrtta-....^.,^ r' fVH' Koqro e Heo6xoAHMa 3a flpouauara Ha yrlpaB"IRBauoro HanpelKeHHe,na ce ao I'' e AU-*;!l /K' Tona HanpexeHue Hel' H3MeHeHr{e Ha HeroBara ""ttJJ"otHl4cKoqecrorHoro-RC sseHo' Bper''re'ro' Koero e noflyqaBa B'bpxy KoHAeH3"'opu "u crol..Hocr B'bpxy-To^314 KotlaeH3arop c'bc o6xoauuo, 3a aa ce npo*"n"ll"tunp"*eH'ero o]^'.ll::' \U p:AQ/C -lAl /C= .\U "", r,,'oxe tu ." ,'u"''lr npn6nn""nno Aa HanHrxeM' qe ' c're4oearenub MoxeM -iil'.t"'iiji titllrT c;

npu6.'r^r-rs',re"IHo npexoaHara xa-paK-

"-

pe \t I K,,nr2,A

RCAI

(7. l 0)

Kt K'ta 2\A

' Trii xaro KrKr@/2)A:Af.", r'r RC:r-e BpeMeKoHcraHrara Ha HucKoqecrorHoro tltZli '' fpun'u"ut' qecrora Ha HHcKoqecrorrBeHo, r\4oxe Aa ce Ilanxue' il ir': ( BpeN4eKoHCTaHlaTa' r C-bC' saBHCl4l\4Ocrra f 1: | /(2nr''' HOTO 3BeHO e cBt'p3aHa :Af /r2rlr\i," ). Beqe 3HaeN4' tI orKraero vox(e ,.a ." "r,,r,i"",'u.'ii'=lltHt"rJpa3H B'bB BH'lla -\/:rll/2r( \/"'")' ce r-\i ..")?:lrAI.,,. ero 3auo'i' to*t aa
f

dl';;;;;;;;'i /ttx2nt^il^""r;:i"t'rt"' 'o*-" cxeM Ha l:.::fuu:f;lfr.i1:f3::r"l: c Ha I43MeHeHHe Ha h3xoaH'tl curHa"I>>

;;;;;"t
cr.bna,,.rHoro H3MeHeHue

Koflro Moxe ou

Ha gnc-xoqetto'"o'o 3Berlo h Ha ycltrBaHero KoncraHTara RC ua sa.AeMoayJlHpaHe Ha al4cKperHa cxeMa 3a ootfq, *"to ce ilenonsBa Ctuara I'{ 3a pealU3upaHe Ha CaMaTa AltCKpeTHa qeCTOTHa MOAy'IaIlHq' tO""OU t" IVH H Karo 1'npaB: "'nontBu u"i" or cxeMara ce il3tlo'138a cauo qecrorHa MoAy,lauHR 'u nuo'ul ououu"n YQpoe cxf:ta'l' npfi Koero IYH renepupa rffBaulo HanpexeHHe." Tu*u t""tutn sa oAfl9 or npaKrnqecKa trocrleaoBarerHo o"" q'*t'ip1in"'1,;to;;' MoaeM (crxpauteune or Moay'laropr,re.rr.Ha

n, ua.tJutu Ha c]rry_ar:_n aaBa MaKct4Ma'rHara <<cKopocrra BHHMaHHe' qe .. npo*"nnl't't,o** "l ivu:-o^6:lTt" BpeMecxeMara sa oAtl9 e Synxuun Ha Ha h3MeHeHHe Ha h3xoAHHt tllrnu" B 3arBopeHHq KoHTyp'

cKopocr'

roqKa Moxe Aa ."?;;";;o;

Karo

220

J.e\lof\,taTop)
TOTHa

\IOl\',laUHfl

cllcle\{HTL.3a IIpetraBaHe Ha.laHltH c t13tlo.t3Batrte lta ftrcKpeTHa qecHanpUMep npil nl)!,laBaH( Hij rijiifpoBx -lailrill nO Te.IeQorrHit.rrHriIl.t.

7.4. CIIHTE3ATOP HA qECTOTA C'bC CXEMA 3A OAI|q

Crenlrc:a QA|Irl \iorar Ja cL'illno.liBar Ktro r)cHr)Ba rra cliHre3arol-\iJTe Ha qecro Ta, Kouro Hspa6orear Ml{oxecrBo rortHH qecrorH, itoJt)rlrHil ot noapuuuo rra0nJrH3HpaH feHeparop. Ha QHr. 7.6 e npe4craneHa ocHoBHara 6,qoxosa cxeMa Ha cHrrTe3arop Ha qecrora c'bc cxeMa sa @Afl9.9ecrorara Ha riBapuoBo cla6nlHaapaHllfl feHeparop ce ae"[H Ha Koe$HuueHra,'f4 (un,ro qucro), npu Koero ce no,lyqaBa qecrorara l, / M, rc.aero f, e ueclorara Ha KBapr(oBo cra6a,ru:HpauHfl reHeparop. llo noao6es HaqHH rrecrorara ua fVH f.,n ce.a.e,rn or eluH 6ponu Ha Koe0ultrzeHr .V(N qr"ro uHc,ro), tlpr] Koero ce norylraBa qecrorara lrr"/,V. flpu cHHXpoHh3r{parre Ha cxeMara 3a OAnq c pa3Aer'leHara sa M qecrora Ha reHeparopa Bax<u 3aBHchMocrra [, /M-f ,"n/ N, T. e. Mo)r{e aa ce HaflHrrle, ue fr.r:(N/M)f,. ,[.e"rHre,rure Ha,recrorara (6ponuure) ]\4orar raKa aa ce nporpaMr.rpar, qe aa ce nor'ryqaT ro,rnv 6pori xoesHqHeuru Ha Ae,,leH[e Ha qecToTa'fa, npH KoeTo e xpaiiua cMerKa ce no!'IyqaBa MHox{ecrBo qecrorH c roqHocrra h craOH,tHocrra Ha KBapuoso cra6n,rusupaHrJrr rer{eparop.
7.5. AETEKTOP 3A AMNTHTYAHO MOAYJIHPAHH CHTHAJI}I C't'C CXEMA 3A OAIItI

Ha $rrr.7.7 c rrpclclaeerro r3ro.r3BaHero Ha cxelra:a OAfl9 -rii lererirr.rpaHe Ha aMILrhr!',r.HO Morly,rnpaHlt cHfliailt.r. Ilor:rro cxrlrara sa @Aflt] e cHli.\poH]43IipaHa c aMII",IuryaHo NroayrHpaHne c14rHa,r, qecrorara na fYFI e paB,Ha Ha rlecroraTa Ha Hoceuloro rpe[TeHHe Ha aMn,rHTyAHo MOAy,rHpaHHfl cr.ifHar'r. (pa3oBr,tsLbfbil Ha H3xoar{oro HanpexcHae ua fVH no orHorxeHne Ha Hoceuara qecrora Ha aMnrrqTyaHo MoayJrHpaHHq cr{fHar.r ce aaBa c u3pa3a

'{)--(++#)- +('+-*)'

(7rr)

K'baero f0 e r{ecrorara Ha cso6oaHoro rperrreHHe Ha fyH, a a/.," e no,loBHHaTa or o6xsara ria 3aA'bpx(aHe. Axo qecrorara Ha ceo6oAHijio rpenrerrHc f0 Ha cxeMara ia <DAfl9 e rrpu6,rnsnreluo paBHa Ha Hoceulara qecrora Ha aMtrJtr.{TyaHMoay,rupaHHq curHaJ'r, raKa rre aa e H3n'b,'1HeHo yc,'loBuero lf" io <(.\1."., r-rsxo!-

@nr.7.6. Cuure:arop Ha qecrora cr,c cxelra sa <DAnH

221

us
AIY

crzrqn

Qur. 7.7. ,{t'vot-v.larop 3a l\M

c6c cxeMa 3a @AnLi

curHa.lx

Horo Hafrpe)xeHue Ha

I'yH ule

6bAe IeQa3HpaHo Ha

90' cnpqMo HoceLuara qccro-ra

i,isxo,rllloro Hanpe;{eHre Ha I'yH ce nponycKa npe3 c\erla 3a r.eQa3HpaHe Ha 90o,3a aa ce no,rvqu cHrHa,r c ro.rf ilo HtjBo, Koi:iTo I{e 6lae ro'ltlo cuHXpoHil3Hpall c II'bpBoFIaHarlHaril Hoceua qecrora u ule 6.},!.e npH6,'Ill3HTe'rlrto B'bB Qa3a c ra3u rro!^eula qecToTa. c,rP,r. TOB2 noJyqeHHtT clrfHa"l ce IloaaBa tla eaHHHfl BXO^r. lJa leTeKTop, pa6oTeul c yMFIo)xeHHe, llanpl{Nlep 6arrauceg Mot}.llTup aeMo-L}.1aTop. Ha .tpl-fHq BXoa Ha aeTeKTopa ce no:laBa aMrl,'tHT-varlo Moay"rlHpaHliflT c!.if Ha.l. 14gxoattH9r \'l.ifila,'i rrJ.]rc\1o-l\',]aropa ce Qir.lrp]1pa uT llHiKoqecTUlr'H tFH I.l bp ra orcrpaHflBJ

lla

aMn"lHT,V.IHO MOAy.rlHpaHIzfl CHf H241.

UlH,qT pe3VJrTaT Ce nO,'IVqaBa H 3a AO"lHaTa CTpaHHrll{a,reHTa. O6rprrere BHHMaHHe, qe IIpH lo3lr Bna aeMory,rjHpaHe Ha aN'tll"rHT,vaHo MOAy,tHpaHH cHaHa,rH He e 3aa'b,r)xHTe,'IHo La ce npeaaBa nb.rHaTa aN{n"IHTyaa lla HoCeuloTo TpeI]TeHHe, KaKTO Ce n3HcKaa npu cufHaJ.IHTe C ABe cTpallHqHu rleHTH h 3ana3eHo Hoceulo rpet]TeHne. IlpH ,!,eMoly.,lHpaHe l{a cHfHaJH c ,lBe crpaHHqH-. ,'relrTH H 3ana3erJo Hoceulo Tpe[TeHHe c !.eTeKTop Ha 068HBKaTa aMn"qHTyjIaTa Ha rroceui.oTo TpenTeHhe Tpfl6Ba aa 6lae raxaaa, qe Koe0ti(tieHT'b]' Ha Moily,'IauHqTa HrlKora aa He npcBHtLLaBa elHHHua r-bii Karo B nporl.'iRcH "lyqaii cc no'1v'ltBa I NIHOfO for'reMH He"iIHHeiiHX H3XpHBt{BaHiltt. HO rOSa 03HaqaBa, KaKTO Beqe 6e [oKa3aHO. lI3IIO,!3Balle Ha fo,lqMa LIaCT oT UUJ'Ia'la H3r'I'bqeHa MoilIHOCT 3a npeAaBaHe CaMu

ile Ha BcHqKI'l BHCoKOqecloTHI.l CT,cTaBKII, XOHl'O llMaT qeCToTIl nf ,+-ln, KaTo QhJT'I' p'irT ilponycKa caNro Hai:i-HllcKHTe pa3"lltKoBH qecTor['l or cTpaHHqHHTe,l_eHTH Ha aMn"rrHT.viHo MoIyJlHpaHng cHfHaJ'r, Koll1o ce clMecBaT c qecToT3Ta Ha fyH,-paBHa CrHa L,.3a fopHara crpaHHqHa reHra I-+1,, ce roityqaBa, qe (l +i-)-1,:1.

B pa:r,rc4auara rvK crlcreMa cxeNlara 3a OAnq Mo;*(e aa B'b3craHoBH Hoceuo' TO TpenTeHHe, npellaaeHo c Mltofo flo Mar'IKa aM[J'll.]Ty/].a, H aa u3pa6oTx cHfHa"rl u ro"lsMa aMlt.ill'JTyAa, KoHTO e TOL{HO cHHXpOl{U3HpaH C n'bpBOrlaqa,rHOTo HoCC[Io TpcnTeHHe. Ho rasu cr4cTeMa Ite Moxe aa pa6o'rH c aMor'IHTyaHa Moay"lauhfl c nBe
H,rn eAHa crpaHHqHH ,qeHTIl H IIOTHCHaTO FIOCeUO Tpe[TeHHe, K bnero Hoceiloro rpenTeHHe e Han'b,'rno norHcHaro. Aun,rnryaara Ha Hoceilloro rpenreHhe, HeoOxoAHMa 3a cHHXpOHu3HpaHe Ha cxeMara 3a @Anq, e oyHKuHq Ha I]apaMerpHre Hd r33r; cxex,ra. Ko"rrKorc, tto-uantx e o6xBarbr Ha 3axBaulaHe Ha cxeNtara 3a @Aflt{ H Ko"'l KOTO rro-6"rrH30 AO qeCTOTara Ha HOCeUOTO TpeIITeHfie e pa3no,roxeHa qecrorarz

Ha

HOCeIUOTO TpenTeHI4e.

Ha

Ha cBo6oAHoro rpenreHHe Ha fyH, ToJlKoBa rlo-Ma,'IKa e MIHHMaJHara croiiHucr HOCeUIOTO TpeirreHHe, Heo6xoal.rMa 3a roqHo B'b3craHoBflBaHe Ha roBa Hoce[tL'

TperrTeHI.r e.

222

UzHON

L_R

@ar. 7.8. Cnexrtp Ha N!oA\'.rtspaurr crepeocHrHaJr

flunomeH

Ao nun u HUCHq neHmn

unenl

00nHo cmpo -

20pNo

rf, rv
Oxr. 7.9. lleMoAyJarop 3a

lJ

3g
rI

lu!Nq

(mponeHmo

cbo6ulHUq

k{z)
L R ctc

53 59
cxeua sa @Ang

75

pa3rhKoBHa curHa.!

7.6.

AEMOAyJIAUHT HA CTEPEOCT.tfHAJtH

;;;6;;;";;;;;,";";;j;p#pffi

Crepeole_v-oly,rarop.br c.bc cxeMa 3a @Allg e eAHo HHrepecHo cxeMure sa @A[]t{ ea oere 'p,JioxeH,e

errl.rH KaHa,l ur\{a ulrpoqHHa 75 kHz u pasnpele,leuHe. [oKa3aHo ui $rir. /.y. uo\Bar.br or qecrorH or 0lo l5 kHz ce H:lno.r:rBa 3a npela_uaHe Ha lf R (.rqn rr.rrlc lecerr xarra.l) lra 3B\iiotsliff cHrHa,:t 3a 14oHOupur\iaHe. pa3,rHxoei.iH.r crirua"l I R (",rgs rriilrrte'ltceH KaHa"r) ce npeAaBa Karo crrHa"'r c ABe crpaHxqrrH,rreHTil u norllcHaro Hoce_ uo rpenreHHe, u3no"t3Bau{ Hocella qecrora 3g kHz. f]perraea ce c.btuo lj etrnH <<nH"roreH)> ciifHaJ c qecrora, ToqHo paBHa Ha no.rloBI{Hara or qeclorara Ha ,oce[io, To rperiTeHue.

paMH ce H3no,r3Ba rlecrorHa Moay,rar{Hfl,

ti,,:?:;iil;3^",tr";T,",*X xaro qeirorsara,rrra_rja

j::,';';J"bl

Ha

T6p, lrpu Koero ce no,lvqaBa aeMor,v"TlpaHHrr cHrHa.i L _ R, a cHrHa,rlr I f R ce cntrpa or HHcKoqecroruHn Su,,rrtp. Taxa no.rvqesuqr curHaJ l_R c,le!. roea Moxe Aa ce roiu6uHupa c,t'c cr{rHa.rra lf R, sa tra ce no,,rvqar cHfHa,rHTe Ha JeBnH II lecHHq KaHaJ'l Ha crepeonpofpaMaria.

kHz, u ce xor,r6lHupa c )'tl,16rHeHrJfl crepeocnfHa.] B ;tereKrop, paOorelu c \.\{HO)xeHr{e. Hsxotrgngr cHrHa,r or rereKTopa ce nponvcKa npaa ur'aiouaar".i;;;r,
38

rora l9 kHz, uspa6orea erriH cilfHa.ir c qecrora a'S tHz. Toan a,,.rrr,i-" C ,oq",, cullXpOHH3HpaH c IJeCTOTaTa Ha n.bpBoHaqa"rHoTO HoCeLIIO TpeITeH]1e C qeCTOTd

tJ

TIPIJEMHHXA CXC]\'1ATA:A

@Aflg,

HACTPOEHA CIlP'IMO TILI"IOTHH'] CiJIIIA.]

L]EC-

7.7. NPUMEP. HA CXEMA 34 OATIq B fiHTE|PAJIHO I{3N'bJIHEHHE ll u rerpa.rHara t reva LM56J e Ipu]rep Ha c\era ra @Afl g e H h] er pa.t]to il t[1.b, r. ueuae. Ha Sur. 7.10 e npeacraBeHa erexrpnqecKara i cxeua. O"."";;;';;;;;r;
223

z
s

_S

'R
BKJTOqBa ABCIhKHTe

r
I rpaH3ucroptl Tt-T''

:
Tz-T'

R' f 200 u 1', -1... Kalo rPaH rHcru|-bl f ri p' tHclup-br Ha touiui P"t"top'.tt'Rr u R: (7'2 k!)) ca roBap pa6oruara Koiiro onpeae"lt{ '"'u **np"*"nne ui 6a:oarne aereKrop ce orpaHHqaBa $a:oenR,rereKrop.-l13roo"oio ao MahcllxlarHa crotiuocr -f0'7 \/ U
or

^lltsepeHltHa'1xll ?vcu'IlBare":IHH3loqHltK Ha toK' !l) cJ

OUO"UU^cB'bp3BaHe rpaH3HCTOpllTC 1; n ,l' H,a IlMiry'rlcHIlre cN4ylt1l'HHq c foJtflN'Ia C roea orpauuuaBaHe ce HaN,Ia"lflBa BJIHttH}'{ero, tt Ha cxe\rara ra @Afl9' ;r'":t"'t;,t;";;piy-puootn il3xoleH cHrHall' rioiiro ce no'laea

@:t:oelqr aereKTop u=p'6o'uu c[MerphqeH c rpaH3L'lcropl{Te 7'r"' Irr' uHnro pa6or ua luSepeHuHa"nu" --uaunJo'"r' a3n'brHeH or H3ToqHllKa Ha roK TpaH3IlcroDa Jq Tostl afiQcpeHuHaHa roqKa ce onpeae'lq 6utoitu";erexrop 'or roeap"reH vc,,nBare'q u.n"'tuu

t I

"*"j,i'];t;;;;p";"""'"u

224

'l o Ji.

Hxq pe3ilc'rop 1?ir (3,ii lilJJ- rc a:eva HCclr\,rerpHrJ,.,r fi-rxoreH cHfHa.r, Koriro ce x1,i\1 f ) lI. Pe:ucropbr Rr: e qacr or HucKo.recrorHfin ilr:::::-.-::p"lrlro riexr\: rr3'o.1 z eu"rr.up. r lpri cB'Lp3'ar'e u vaca Ha B.LH.'err K,Hile H3arop ce no.xvqaBa enrro IrlJcxoqecro'1 tro (:arr,crrurc,,rilo) :seiro. flpu noc,reloeare,rHo cB.bp3BaHe Mexr,v n3BOf 7 r'' \,iacta rra KoH''e':laTopa cj r{ pe3ucTopa Rt ce it.JVqaBa e,qHo 3aK,bcHr.tTe.qrro-r130peBaptsaru1.,:JBeHO C rpe.'laBare.lHa $1'HXUUn. Kouro ce o,.HcBa or r]3pa3a a oi_-il t1-f /, rrf r:) l, .,:R,rC, w 12:R2C2. i,\ H f 4-r:14 C f.Lf taB.lt ut )'l)ats;lHtsatt,tH C t;'tpC}t tHt,,, ,:.i,rq''t ^uero TOK {TpaH3ilC TOprlre or 7'i: Ao Ttt, t'ofiro 3afaea pasnH rio ro.tcl'r'a roKoBe'a 3apel*(naHe H Ha l)a3pt)(:laHe K'br{ e,fliH RI,HIUeH Bpe}1e3a-lztBArq KoH.leH3aTop C,, a""prJn iin-ra no: '9 Bpene:ar:tBarrr.lflr pe3ucrop 4,..,."-rlaun'r,.*o_u uauoo d H ,,OJox{urei]eoro 3axpautsaqo Halrpexerrre U.. t.,crana"rjara qacr Ha fVH e rpurep ua LLIlrur (rpaH:rcropurc or f25 Ao 7.36), ti3xo,f iioro clrr|a"lo sa xoiito e ;1ilQepeuqs2,,reH ycHJBare,t 'lrpausucropitre i,, t; tu,j:,.:lr.f.:ll )_l ornyrrlBaHero :rnyrrleo"ero ra .t 1,')r t 2\ t1 I :1, I{OIJTO 3a-qaB:t lu"n"Ba Ha 3apex{laHe " h pa3pexAaHe OTrpaH3lcropHre I UUK.lrjTe H3TOqHHXa Ha

flpu :arpaHoa*o -f6V noeSuuuculur Ha rrpeoopa3yBaue "r'l]l:1::re Qabr!"t rratrpexeH'e ua Qa:oeun ltreKTop pelrnna.rrufl \cri"'rBare,r rp.rri3rjcropHre Ttr rr {BK.lo,lBaut vcri"rtBaHero ua Audre, Tt, ) e (:O,Og Vira,f . fVf'r"r,
3oB !|f^1^t,,1."',3,

qecrora HarrpexeHr.re lrl :,1::!p,r:v"are \,, K1,i1ero -e qecrorar.a(qvBcrBHre,!Hocr) l(, : rr.rir +.1 7,, tadls ua cor6r,,1u,,r, ,p,li,.rc /! ;l] :],i.rljtv

3a-lbpxaHe ce.onper.ejrfl or ri3pa3a,\/,",:(,. /K1t /2:Q.g(,4 1r, ". ..O_9_1,:lt::a pa3no"loli{eH or 0,31 i6.{o 1,69 i,r, xaro nuHaia uv croiisocr e 2Xl, :

Li,j3rrl

Ha rarBopvHilfl norrl.p. _, ,2tK K, ute Otle paBHo ,U^fTrnrr"1". j.^i. S I Jn r,;r tJih.\..\(rr;. ,r OAII9 q. rtr^,r,rtr.,,,r ,r,.,.rut,. la u) It,r ,.Aui,,f lrofo ipeirrerr*e i00 kHz. Ano rrarrpuxcp /(,:100 kHz, r,crr.rr:ascro B 3arBopclrilrr xp'br ute 6r,re pasHo Ha o/:2,g lOi, s r, a o6xearbr Ha 3aAbp)KaHe (c,re,tese) rue
__

ce npocrapa or

3l ao

169 kHz.

7.8. TIPI4MEP HA NPOEKTHPAHE HA CXEMA 3A OATIq

Tl'n e pa:t,tegaH Iprji\teD Ha il31]o.t3BaHe Ha u]rTerpa"rrHaTa cxet{a 5ti5 xaro.r.eno_ .1.).laTOp 3A CilfHa,:lti C jlllrKpCTHa qrCTuTHa [1()-l\..]aUhH 3a itpOIaBafle Ha AaHHh lrr'e. 1r'rfO11lr2.rrtqlq. LLl,'l)jt 1r-trl:t\rc haHat t..t ,,1,,,ro,, ,,. ila f,,.tHilJt. F..)tr,r, (,) llpts ri,Ba r. qe{ rura l0,u Hz. (.* npo..r.B;r "lrt1

Ha qccrorara c \l ce .r"":'"t;;;.l;:ri:r:Ji]u,,1;ii. l/.:,/11:2"t:J/.,,, rrlero i r e fpaHuqHara qecrora Ha HHCr(.rlrecroruuR rfH;r_ rbp, a -\/,. e o6xnaltr rra 3a,l.bpxaHe. 3a xurerpa,ruara cxcl\ta :0 6qi ;. 565 li t-'trero /,, r qer.orzt'rii ,:r cso6oJrroro rp,,,,r.ur" ,,o t-f H .t^o i, ..',,,0i"r1", ,ii; rterrrpa.jrfrar;r qecrora rJa f Hcxperilara qecrorrJa rlol\,.r:tuilfl | lT6 Ilz,,,;.ri;";; ..., 'rr \/ --Sl2 Hz.
}r3\leHCrrJ.rc .,,T enHar:l B npyfara e paBHa lra c/]ua rjerB.bpr or nepHOAa ria ijecrora.rd :l"1]]9"t Ha npejlaBaHe rra uHgopnaLlrqr,g.rypl ri:6pauara qecrora r):1,7.10 ,rs. 150 Mo;{<e.!.a cc 3aitr.llL., qe 11

ir{r crbra,rrro

=, r(aro acBn.a'.ri.Hra \rexJ.)., /lBere ",roirrircriil cbc]orHr.iH .. :00:U).', i,,,;i,::,i,ji, ,iccro-ra e ll70 Hz. flprienave, qe cKopocrra Ha trpcfaBaHe e lb0 Hz i<LKOpocrra Ha u3i\teHeHHe ita u3xotrillir{ ciirua.l,

(,

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r I

. ,.;;;;;

l"ir,''n,,

flpuelralre' qe IraKCHMaJrHara croirocr Ha Bper'rero,\1 3a n;).xo.1 Ha qecrorara

r.812

na, ue J/,.n,/1/:2.ri
15

C"rerosarc;nu.a nu.ruur_ -,1/(,1.150 s Hz:200 Hz/1,7.10 ,,s:1,2.10JA2, -n;;';"r"';];;.

ri, i;.;.lbil'b;;i.)

llpkroacHr' !r Arl{ ZZs

cnpRMo

R,z:g,O kQ, npu'f t:24H2 3a

fr ce HaMnpa, ue f r:24 Hz. Ho

rlfi

Karo

( l,9

KoHAeH3aropa

Cr ce noJlyqaBa tcnoBHero: C2(

f1: lf2nr1:lf2

nRrzCz, x'ahero

pF.

?.8.t. O6xear Ha 3axBaulane

Ha 3axBaulaHe BK,'IIoqBa aBere Llecrort.t Ha cHlHaJIa Ha ancKperHaTa qecToTHa Moay,'Iaqfig, orfoBapqul.il Ha HHcKoTo H BI'ICOKOTO JlOlnqecKo c6cTOrrHHe, AeMOAyJIaTOp6T BI.rHarH UIe MOXe Aa <3aXBaHe) CHfHa,'la Ha aHcKpeTHaTa qecToTHa MoayJrarlHt, a aKo cHHxpoHhsa\t4flTa cJlea ToBa 6l4e uapyueua, Tff ue ce

Trfi xaro rosu o6xnar

4f...":\frAI-^:\[LlJ2.rnt. 3a pagraeNAaH].rs cnyqafi Al,^:812Hz tt t1: :'e.to-'is,'iiir" rioerii'4t""": \Flt-Hzf.n3.L-E-208H2.-Taxa nLrrHuqr o6xBar Ha 3axBau{aHe ce npoiinpa or I170-208:962H2 to I170+208: 1378Hz.

O6xearrr Ha 3ax!,a.!4q_Ue Moxe aa ce

H3IIHcJIH npH6,'Ih3HreJIHo

OopMy"'Iara

B'b3CTAHOBH OTHOBO.

3A.tlArt
AqUH:

1{

7.1. AaAeH e
H

lVH, vraro

vecrora ce npoMeHq

3aBHcnMocr or BxoaHoro HanpexeHtre U, no ue4uua

[:
Aa ce noxaxe, ce

k(u 1+ u

d.

HopMHpaHtrflT KoeQHuHeHT Ha npeo6pa3yBaHe HatrpexeHHe paHara qyBcrBHrenHocr) ce aaBa c s3pa3a

cecrora (HopMr-

(t /t.xdf /du

):

/(U

o*

u,),

xr4ero Uo e

KoHcraHTa.

7.2. Aaael e IYH c qecrora Ha cBo6oaHoro rpenrenle 50 kHz. Aa ce HaMepH xoe$n[treurbr cecrora ua rosa fVH, yvacrBau B ff3pa3a LI: KuLU t, axo U o:2,0Y Ha npeo6pa3yBaHe HanpexeHue (U. e xorcrarra, abBeAeHa e taaava 7.11. Oreoaop: K,,:25kHz/Y. " 7.3. Ha grr. :.7.3 e laaeua cxeua ra OAflri. qrfiro FVH e c (u:25 kHzi V r f.:50 kHz. VcsaBaHero Ha yclnaarent e A:2,0, a aMnJflTytrHara ctofincr na H3xoaHoro lqnlgxe-HHe Ha Qa3oBrn AereKrop e +0,70 V. Aa ce nauepr o6xsarti Ha 3aabpxaHe Ha cxeMara ra @AIltl. Oteoeop: Ll^,,: - +35 kHz HnH o6xBarbr Ha 3aarpxaHe e m 15 lo 85 kHz.
us

@ur. s.7.3

7.4. !,a ce naunuu npu6raslrenHara croliHocr Ha o6xBara Ha 3axBaulaHe Ha cxeMara or 3aaaqa 7.3, axo e aaaeHo, ce apeuexoncra"tata Ha HxcKoqecrorHHt Qxnrbp t:RC ce onpeaua or R: :3,6 kQ u or cneaHnTe crofirocrn ua xouaer:aropa C:

a)
6) a)

pF (oreo6op: l:l2,4kHz): pF (oreosop: +7,2 kHz); pF (oreooop: :L3,9 kHz); a) 0,30pF (oreoaop: l=2,3kHz\; pF (oreoeop: ]:1,24 kHz\. d) I,0
0,01 0,03 0,10

Ha ManrK

?.5. npH troaaBaHe Ha Bxoaa Ha Oa3oBtq aerexTop or cxeuara 3a <Ddfl9, onrcara s saAaqa 7.3, crrrar (Ua ( 25 mV), r:xoLuoro My HatrpexeHtse ue 6bAe nPonopuHoHanHo Ha tueMnHara

228

7,7. na(ela e cxeMa 3a @Afl!, sa cHrHa.xHilF Bxotr Ha Koqro ce noraBa qecrorHo Monv,ltDaH crr {a.i c qecrora I,:f0(l+asino-l). l]a ce,1oxaxe, qc MaKcrMaJHara crorilocr Ha MoAv.ttrpJuara r" rora. IpH xoqro crrvata ocTaba cHn\Do'rrlHpaha. vnae ]a c. nnpetert or l,pa:a 1,.,,", :ttf/lf"l (l/2nr), Krrcro +Af e o6xBarbr Da 3anbpxaHe, fo e rccrorara Ha cBo6otHoro rpiiiieiuc ua fVH I r e BpeMeKoHcraHTaia ua nucxoqecroTHtr RC $u"trlp. 7.8. Creua ra <DAflq e c o6\Faf ila ia:lbpxaHe \/ . r50kHz. a qecrorata ila cBoootHuto rpenreHue na fVH e Io:100 kHz- Ha ctruarsrH oror ce nc,rroa 9M currral c Hoceu{a cecrora I00 kflz I qecrorHa.AeaHauffr +l0kHz. Ia ce u:lucla npH KaKBa MaKcrMartsa cToiiHocr Ha MoA]nrpauara qecrora cxeMara sa @AnV ue ocraHe crHxpoHu3!paHa. a(o pe3rcropbr R ra ugcxoqecrorrrrq RC Qurrbpe3,6kO,aKoxAeH3aropbrC ctorserno:0,0lpF;0,03pF;0,l0pF;0,3pF; l,0pF.Oreoaop: 22,1 kHz, 7 ,4 kHz; 2,2 kHz 737 Hz; 221 Hz.

50mV(e$exrunHacroriHocr).Orcoaop: Ll*,",:l:2,5kHz xrxo6xBarbrHa3aAbpx6 or 47.5 no 52.5 kHz. 7.6. Ha carua,rnug Bxor Ha cxeMa:a @Aflg ce noaaBa qecrorHo MoavrrDaH crfHar u cxeMara ' 8.!ilXpOHHrHpaHO ChCtOrHhe la ce arqvclr KUeQruHeHtsr ua npeu6piryaaHc qnctorHa volyla:iHA tr3xoAHo-HanpexeHHe (cTpbMHocTTa Ha leMolyrupale) Ha cxeMaTa, axo /.r,,:&(U, Uol, iutelo Uar:2,0V, a qecrorara Ha cBo6orHoro rpcnreHile Ha fyH e 400kHa Oreoa6pr 5mV/kA,
:{e e

.opeUo:,:

ra BXolHfff cfruar. T. e. U,,, *l _ Fa.. cos rpl[a,ce HaMep! o6xBar6r Ha 3a46pxaHe Ha cxeMara, ^ .^unptHrBoHaBxof,dHflcrrla.ll.0V(eOexrrenacroinocrrr{xufHotuHanp(henrt.na$arosrn:erex.

7.9. Ha crfHarHHt BXoA Ha cxeMa 3a OAnLI ce noAaBa cHfHar ts.bB Bla Ha Kbc, <(ilaKerH> c nDo nepuoa Ha noBtopeHue 1,0 m.. Hecrurara Ha cnt Ha.ta e / : 1,0 MHz. Creua ra sa OAfl-9 cb,[.bpxa IVH c xeapuora cra6uru3aulq Ha qecrorara, Karo qecrorara ua cao6oAsoro rpeflTeHxe /o ce nonllpxa paBHa Ha qecrorara Ha crrHara c rocflocr 0,1|d. cxeuara rpa6ea 1a ue

lbrxlrerHocf l0 ms I
r3IH3a a.

,la ce

OT CrHXpOHr3aUUg CIC CilfHara, a Qa3oBHnT H_3MeHs c noBeqe or 0,1 rad B rHTepBaJa MexAy

}rbr

Ha tr3xoaHoTo

HafipexeHte Ha

fyH

He

Tp96Ba

nor3BaEo e npocro flHTerpnpauro RC :aeuo). Oreoaop: 62,3ms. 6. Aa ce HaMepr MaKcHMarHaTa cTotiHocT Ha KOHleH3aTOpa Ua RC Qarrtpa, aKo eKBUBaJIexTHaTa croiHocr Ha cbnporHBtrerHrq eleueHr R e 4 kQ. Oreoaop: 15.6 pF.

ce ff3qrcrH MaKcrMarHo aonycTtMoTo !3MeHeHqe Ha qecToTaTa Ha orAerHrre naKerH Ha curuata. Oreoaoor 15.9 Hz. 6. Aa ce H:rrua MaKchvarHara BpeMexoHcraHra Ha HrcKoqecrorHrn

aa

ornerHlTe naKerx Ha cxrHara.

fyH

B ,HTepBaJta

Mexny
{Ht.

eHjrbp la c\evart

227