PHYS1131 Higher Physics 1A Solutions Homework Problem Set 5

Q1.

Q2.

mtea = 0.520kg, mice = 0.520kg, Tice = 0o C, Tf =?, m =? ctea = cw = 4186Jkg 1 K 1 , Lf us = 3.33 105 Jkg 1 The heat needed to melt the ice is given by mL = 0.5203.33105 = 173kJ a) Heat lost by tea = Heat gained by ice Qlostbytea = mtea cw (Tf Ti ) = 0.520 4186 (Tf 90.0) Qgainedbyice = mL + mice cw (Tf Ti ) Assume all the ice melts m = 0.520kg Qgainedbyice = 0.520 3.33 105 + 0.520 4186 (Tf Ti:ice ) 2177 (Tf 90) = 173160 + 2177 Tf Tf = 195930 173160 = 5.2o Call the ice is melted 2 2177

b)Qlostbytea = 0.520 4186 (Tf 70.0) the maximum value is when Tf = 0, Qlostbytea = 152kJ This is not enough to melt all the ice Tf = 0.0o C mL = 152000 m = 0.458 So 0.520 0.458 = 62g of ice remain

Q3.

Lf = 3.4.105J/kg, m =0.1kg Q = Lf .m 3.4.104J, The internal energy of the gas is the same after the cycle So, all work done goes in to melting the ice. i.e. W = Q A = 1.8 m2, d = 1.0cm, Ts=330, T0=1.00C, k = 0.04 W/m.K. a).

Q4.

dQ T =k .A dt d T T0 dQ =k s . A = 230W dt d
As comparison, at rest the human body produces about 80W. The minimum amount of food needed is then 80 * 24hrs = 6900kJ = 1650 cals. Standard diet is 2300-3000 cals. Is 80W a lot or a little? 736W is one horse power. Running up stairs (80kg, height change = 1ms-1) b).

mgh 80.10.1 = = 800W t 1

k = 0.60 W/m.K.

k dQ dQ , i.e. heat flows 15 times faster. = 15 = 15 k dt dt

Q5. Th > T c a)
Th k1 k2 k1 k2 Tc

b)
Th k1 k2 Tj k2 k1 Tc

Q6.

See question sheet for p-V diagram. For path iaf: Q = 50J, W = -20J For path ibf: Q = 36J a). Q + W = E, E = 30J

W (ibf ) = 6 J
b. (f i), Q + W = -E = -30 J as return to position i W = 13J Q = -43J

c) d)

For Eint,i=10J, Eint.f= 10 + 30 = 40 J ib: Q 6 = 22 10 = 12 Q = 18J bf : Q = 18J since W = 0 along bf as V constant.

Q7. Po A v (a) We have steam = 6 x 10-4 g cm-3 constant Hence rate of change of amount of steam msteam = V Where V = rate of change of volume = Av v the speed of piston
. . .

Po = 1 atm A = 2.0 cm2 V = 0.30 cm/s = 6 x 10-4 g cm-3

msteam = - Av
(b)
.

= -6 x 10-4 x 2 x 0.30 g/s = -3.6 x 10-4 g/s Hence this is rate of condensation steam to water.

Rate of energy lost converting steam to water = Rate of loss of Heat

.

i.e. m LFusion = Q

Q = 3.6 x 10-7 x 2.26 x 106 J/s

= 0.81 J/s This answer approximately correct. In fact the latent heat of fusion changes with pressure. is The pressure inside the piston is ~ 2 atm so L is ~2.20 x 106 J/s giving dQ/dt = 0.79 J/s (c) From First Law = Now dW = -PdV i.e so

dE dQ dW = + dt dt dt
p consists of term from weight of piston plus atmosphere pressure

mpiston g dV P= + Po and = Av A dt dW = mpistong + p o A v dt

so
(a)

= -(2.0 x 9.8 + 1.013 x105 x 2 x 10-4) (-0.003) J/s = + 0.120 J/s

dE dQ dW = + = -0.814 + 0.120 = - 0.69 J/s dt dt dt

m A To ho pA

PAST EXAM QUESTION

mg + pA External pressure on air in container is A

within cylinder pV = nRT = constant we allow temperature to equilibrate at T = To so pV = const = pAVo

p V p V Hence p = A o = A o V Ah o
mg + pA A p AVo mg = + pA Ah o A h o = p AVo mg + p A A
Both p = Air = 0.029 g/mol

i.e.

p AVo mg + p A A = Ah o A
no dependence on or To!

b)

Hence the system is stiffer for a rapid [adiabatic] than a slower (isothermal) change. To be expected as a slower change will remain in thermal equilibrium, and heat will flow as it occurs.

Q8 (a)

The displacement at t = 2 seconds is obtained by simply substituting t = 2 into the given equation, that is:
x = 6.0cos(3 2 + 19 x = 6.0cos( ) 3 1 x = 6.0 2

) 3

So x = 3m (b) To calculate the velocity, we must first differentiate x with respect to time:
dx -1 = v = 18 sin(3t + ) ms dt 3 Then we substitute t = 2 into the equation to give v = 9 3 ms-1

(c)

Acceleration is calculated in a similar fashion, this time by differentiating the velocity equation: d 2x -2 2 ) ms 2 = a = 54 cos(3 t + dt 3 And substituting t = 2 again gives a = 27 2 ms-2 Since the wave equation is already given in the form:
x = Acos( t + ) metres

(d)

We can simply read off the phase of the wave. So = (e)

is the phase constant. 3

The frequency v is related to the angular frequency by the equation: Hz = 2 From part (d) we know that = 3 , so v = 1.5Hz.

(f)

1 . We calculated the frequency in part (e), so the f 2 period is simply the reciprocal of this, ie. T = seconds. 3

The period of motion is given by T =

Q9
y t =0, x=2

Q10
(a) The piston moves with simple harmonic motion, therefore: (displacement) x = Acos t dx (velocity) = Asint dt d 2x = 2 A cost 2 dt (acceleration) d 2x = 2 x dt 2 The block and piston will separate when the acceleration of the piston is greater than the acceleration of the block, ie. when a = g.
g = 2 x 2 2 9.8 = x 1.0

(using T =

2 )

Therefore x = 0.25m is the amplitude (b) We use the same equation as previously, but this time solve for :
g = 2 x

=
=

g x
9.8 5 102

(rearranging the equation)

This gives = 14 rad s-1. Converting to seconds by using the equation f = f = 2.2Hz

gives 2

Q11

Note: Tension2is uniform along the spring. 1 = n2

x = x1 + x 2 F = kx = kx1 kx2

We also know that:

F = k1 x1

and F = -k2x2

Therefore, setting both values for F equal to each other yields:

k1 x1 = kx1 kx2 k ( x1 + x2 ) k1 = x1 x1 k x1 + n = x1 1 = k 1 + n n +1 = k n

And doing similarly for k2 gives:

k2 x 2 = kx k( x1 + x 2 ) k2 = x2 nx + x 2 k 2 x 1 = x1 = k(1+ n)

Q12
The total energy is

E=

1 2 kA 2

When x = A/3, The potential energy is: 1 PE = kx 2 2 1 A 2 = k( ) 2 3 1 = kA 2 18 And PE + KE = E, so 1 2 1 kA + KE = kA 2 18 2 4 2 8 KE = kA = E 9 9

Q13

v
M k

m
By conservation of momentum, the momentum of the bullet before it strikes the block will be equal to the momentum of the combined bullet-block system after the strike. So:
mv = ( M + m) dx dt

For SHM,
x = A cost dx = Asint dt

Substituting this into the original conservation of momentum equation gives us:
A sint (M + m) = mv

The maximum amplitude for this system will occur when sin t = 1, thus:
A= mv (m + M)
k , and using = m + M

A=

m + M mv k m + M mv = k (m + M )

Alternative: Momentum mV = (m + M)u Energy conservation

1 2 1 kx max = (M + m)u 2 and substitute u to yield the same result. 2 2

Q14. (a) Energy stored in spring is given by:

E spring = kx 2 2 (294)(0.239) 2 = 2 = 8.40J =U

the kinetic energy is: 1 1 K = I 2 + Mv 2 2 2

rotation

translation

For a cylinder rolling without slipping, v = r, this gives

2 2 1 MR2 v + Mv = 2 2 R 2 2 2 Mv Mv = + 4 2 3Mv2 = 4

The proportion of total energy used as translational energy is given by:

Mv2 Translational Energy = 2 2 Total Energy 3Mv 4 2 = 3

Therefore the total translational energy is 2/3 x 8.40 = 5.60J. (b) The proportion of total energy that is rotational kinetic energy is given by
Mv2 Rotational Kinetic Energy 4 = Total Energy Mv 2 Mv2 + 4 2 1 = 3

Therefore the rotational energy is 1/3 x 8.40 = 2.80J (c) When extension is x then, applying N2L

M x = - kx - Ffr
where Ffr Frictional Force For the angular acceleration, , we have

..

 = I
Torque i.e. Ffr R =

1 MR 2 2
..

d 1 dv x But = = = dt R dt R 1 .. So Ffr = M x , 2 i.e. M x = kx M x 2 .. 2k Hence x = 2 x with 2 = 3M 2 3M Thus SHM with period T = = 2 2k Q16
.. ..

Vertical SHM T1 x T2

k1

l1

The system shown undergoes SHM in a vertical direction. Find the equation of motion and the frequency for the system.

l2

k2

Solution:

Q16 (a) Standard form is;

x y = y m sin2 ( ft) y m = 0.1m f = 1.0Hz so that = 2.00m

= f = 1.0Hz * 2.00m = 2ms1

(b)

dy y = = 2.00 * 0.1 cos( x 2.00t ) dx = 0.2 cos( x 2.00t )

maximum when cos=1

y = 0.2 = 0.63ms 1

Q17 F

2m Linear mass density = Wave velocity =

0.060kg = 0.03kgm 1 2.0m F 500N = = 130ms1 0.03