PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: Age Weather MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: -Environment (Having

ng Relatives with cough and colds)

Aspiration of Secretions Containing Microbes Failure of Defense Mechanisms Invasion of the Lower Respiratory Tract Activation of B Cells Release of Antibodies Antigen-Antibody Reaction

Initiation of Antibody Antigen Complement Complexes Adhere to the System (Non-Specific and of the Mucosal Lining Specific Lower Respiratory Tract Immune System) Mucosal Irritation Vasodilation Increased Mucus Increased Blood Flow Production Accumulation of Mucus Vasocongestion Increased Plasma Hydrostatic Pressure Increased Capillary Permeability Product ive Transportatio Escape of Cough RBC, Serum Plasma n of Phagocyting

Inspirato ry rales

Increased Respiratio

Asymmetr ical Chest Expansion

Use of Accessory Muscles

Decreased Lung

Exudate Engulfing Edema of the Antigen Filling of the Narrowing Bronchi, of Airway Replication Bronchioles, of the and Alveoli Antigen within the Consolida Cells tion of become Infected Detection of the Infected Cells by the T Cells Effector T Cells Destroy the Antigen Regulator T Cells Strengthen the Activity of thje Effector Effector and Regulator Cells Synthesize and Release Release of Pyrogens Altered Temperature Regulating Mechanism in the Effective Fever Breathing Ineffective Airway