KELAHIRAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN LSM DI ACEH

...... //////

7DEUDQL<XQLV &&'($FHK

7DEUDQL <XQLV DGDODK GLUHNWXU &HQWHU IRU &RPPXQLW\ 'HYHORSPHQW DQG (GXFDWLRQ &&'( GL %DQGD $FHK 7DEUDQL DNWLI GL GXQLD 2UQRS VHMDN WDKXQ  VDPSDL VHNDUDQJ ,D PHQ\HOHVDLNDQ VDUMDQD SHQGLGLNDQQ\D GL -XUXVDQ %DKDVD ,QJJULV SDGD WDKXQ  .HJLDWDQ &&'( \DQJ GLSLPSLQQ\D PHPIRNXVNDQ SHUKDWLDQ SDGD SHQJHPEDQJDQ PDV\DUDNDW GDQ SHQGLGLNDQ SHODWLKDQ EDJL NHORPSRN GDPSLQJDQ XQWXN PDVDODK OLQJNXQJDQ KLGXS SHQLQJNDWDQDQ SHQGDSDWDQ GDQ XVDKD NHFLO SHPEHUGD\DDQ SHUHPSXDQ PHODOXL SHPEHQWXNDQ NHORPSRN XVDKD NHFLO SHUHPSXDQ GDQ SHQ\HGLDDQ PRGDO XVDKD NHSDGD NHORPSRN GDPSLQJDQ

46

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

KELAHIRAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN LSM DI ACEH

/DWDU%HODNDQJ
/HPEDJD 6ZDGD\D 0DV\DUDNDW /60 VHEXWDQ OXQDN GDUL 2UQRS RUJDQLVDVL QRQ SHPHULQWDK\DQJGLDGRSVLGDULLVWLODK,QWHUQDVLRQDOQ\D1RQ*RYHUQPHQWDO2UJDQL]DWLRQ 1*2VHODPDLQLVHPDNLQSRSXODUGLWDQDKDLU/HPEDJD\DQJPHQXUXW$VZDE0DKDVLQ NHODKLUDQQ\DGL,QGRQHVLDSDGDWDKXQDQLQLNLQLWHODKPHUDPEDKNHVHOXUXK SHORVRN WDQDK DLU VDPSDL NH GHVDGHVD 'L VDPSLQJ NDUHQD SHUWXPEXKDQ GDQ SHUNHPEDQJDQQ\D \DQJ VDQJDW SHVDW WHUVHEXW SHPHULQWDK MXJD VDQJDW EHUSHUDQ GDODP PHPSRSXODUNDQQDPDLQVWLWXVLLQLNDUHQDPXQFXOQ\DODEHO2UQRSVHEDJDLOHPEDJD\DQJ PHQMDGLODZDQSHPHULQWDK/DEHO\DQJNHPXGLDQPXQFXONDUHQDVLNDSNULWLV2UQRS\DQJ VHODOXPHQJNULWLVLSHPHULQWDKGDODPPHODNVDQDNDQSHPEDQJXQDQ\DQJVHQWUDOLVWLV WLGDN SDUWLVLSDWLIWRSGRZQGDQWHUODOXPHQHNDQNDQSDGDHNRQRPLGDQVHEDJDLQ\D6LNDSNULWLV LQL NHPXGLDQ WHODK PHQHPSDWNDQ 2UQRS SDGD SRVLVL \DQJ VDODK VDWXQ\D VHEDJDL VRFLDO FRQWURO\DQJPHQJRQWURODNWLYLWDVSHPEDQJXQDQ\DQJGLODNVDQDNDQROHKSHPHULQWDK/60 NHPXGLDQ VHPDNLQ SRSXODU NDUHQD PXQFXOQ\D VHQWLPHQ QHJDWLI DQWDUD /60 2UQRS GHQJDQSHPHULQWDK\DQJDNKLUQ\DPHPEXDWSHPHULQWDKNHEDNDUDQMHQJJRW 7XOLVDQLQLWLGDNDNDQPHODNXNDQVHEXDKSHQJNDMLDQDQDOLVLV\DQJPHQGDODPGDQNULWLV NDUHQD KDQ\D PHPDSDUNDQ WHQWDQJ FLNDO EDNDO SHUWXPEXKDQ GDQ SHUNHPEDQJDQ RUJDQLVDVLQRQSHPHULQWDK2UQRSDWDX\DQJVHNDUDQJOHELKVHULQJGLVHEXWGHQJDQQDPD /HPEDJD6ZDGD\D0DV\DUDNDW/60GL$FHK2OHKVHEDELWXSHPDSDUDQGDODPWXOLVDQ LQLOHELKPHQHNDQNDQSDGDGHVNULSVLKLVWRULVWHQWDQJNHODKLUDQODWDUEHODNDQJKLVWRULFDO EDFNJURXQGSURJUDPGDQNHJLDWDQWDQWDQJDQGDQSURVSHN2UQRS2UQRSGL$FHKGDODP NRQWHNVPDVDODOXPDVDNLQLGDQHVRN

.HODKLUDQGDQ3HUNHPEDQJDQ/60GL$FHK
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  .HPXGLDQ SDGD WDQJJDO  $JXVWXV  VHEXDK 2UQRSNHODKLUDQ-DNDUWD6HSWHPEHUGDWDQJGDQPHPEXNDNDQWRUQ\DGL$FHK /HPEDJD LQL  EHUJHUDN GL ELGDQJ .HOXDUJD EHUHQFDQD \DNQL 3HUNXPSXODQ .HOXDUJD %HUHQFDQD ,QGRQHVLD 3.%, 6HEHOXP  3.%, $FHK KDGLU GL %DQGD $FHK 3.%, MXJD WHODK OHELK GDKXOX KDGLU GL $FHK 7LPXU SDGD WDKXQ  1DPXQ NHKDGLUDQ 3.%, GL $FHK 7LPXU SDGD WDKXQ  GDQ NHKDGLUDQQ\D GL NRWD %DQGD $FHK SDGD WDKXQ  WHUVHEXW EDUDQJNDOL WLGDN GDSDW NLWD NDWDNDQ VHEDJDL VHEXDK NHODKLUDQ NDUHQD 2UQRS WHUVHEXWODKLUGLOXDU$FHKGDQNHPXGLDQGLGURSNHGDHUDKVHSHUWL$FHK$SDODJLVHFDUD VWUXNWXUDO 3.%, $FHK PHPLOLNL VLVWHP NHSHQJXUXVDQ \DQJ VDQJDW VWUXNWXUDO 'HPLNLDQ

47

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

MXJDKDOQ\DGHQJDQ2UQRS6DYH7KH&KLOGUHQ)RXQGDWLRQ6&)\DQJKDGLUNH$FHKSDGD WDKXQ  2UQRS LQL DGDODK VHEXDK 2UQRS $PHULND \DQJ SDGD WDKXQ  PHPXODL NHJLDWDQQ\D GL $FHK VHEDJDL SHODNVDQD SURJUDP GL GDHUDK $FHK GHQJDQ VHEXWDQ $FHK SURJUDP6HNDOLODJLEDKZDNHKDGLUDQNHGXD2UQRSWHUVHEXWNHWDQDKUHQFRQJSDGDVDDW LWXEXNDQODKVHEDJDLVHEXDKNHODKLUDQGDQEHOXPGDSDWGLNDWDNDQVHEDJDLVHEXDKJHUDNDQ +DOLQLGLVHEDENDQROHKDUDKGDQVLIDWNHJLDWDQ\DQJGLODNXNDQVDDWLWXWDPSDNQ\DVDQJDW VHPSLWGDQEHURULHQWDVLNHSDGDSURJUDPSURJUDPRULHQWHG0DV\DUDNDW$FHKVHQGLULSDGD VDDWLWXWLGDNPHQJHQDOQ\DVHEDJDL2UQRS/60 'LGDODPFDWDWDQVHMDUDKNHODKLUDQ/60GL$FHK/60WHUVHEXWEDUXPXODLWXPEXKVDWX SHUVDWX VHMDN WDKXQ DQ +DO LQL GLWDQGDL ROHK ODKLUQ\D <D\DVDQ %DGDQ .RRUGLQDVL 3HQJHPEDQJDQ 6RVLDO 0DV\DUDNDW <$360 GL NHFDPDWDQ 7DQJVH .DEXSDWHQ 3LGLH ,QVWLWXVL LQL WHUFDWDW VHEDJDL VHEXDK 2UQRS VHEDJDLPDQD NHKDGLUDQQ\D WHUPXDW GL GDODP GLUHNWRUL  /60 $FHK 0DND NHKDGLUDQ \D\DVDQ LQL EDUDQJNDOL GDSDW GLNDWDNDQ VHEDJDL HPEULRQ\D 2UQRS GL $FHK \DQJ NHODKLUDQQ\D GLSUHGLNVLNDQ VHEDJDL GDPSDN GDUL NHKDGLUDQ6DYH7KH&KLOGUHQGLGDHUDK7DQJVH\DQJPHQMDGLGDHUDKELQDDQ6&)SDGDVDDW LWX 'LOLKDW GDUL WXMXDQ SHQGLULDQQ\D \D\DVDQ LQL EHUWXMXDQ PHQLQJNDWNDQ WDUDI KLGXS PDV\DUDNDW GDODP EHUEDJDL VHNWRU 7LJD WDKXQ NHPXGLDQ SDGD WDQJJDO  0DL  GL $FHK%HVDUEHUGLULSXODVHEXDK\D\DVDQEDGDQSHQJHPEDQJDQPDV\DUDNDW<%360\DQJ PHPLOLNL WXMXDQ \DQJ VDPD \DNQL PHQLQJNDWNDQ WDUDI KLGXS PDV\DUDNDW GHQJDQ GDHUDK ELQDDQEHUDGDGLGDHUDK/DPWHXED$FHK%HVDU'DHUDK/DPWHXEDMXJDGHVDELQDDQ6&) VHMDN WDKXQ  3DGD WDKXQ  ODKLU SXOD VHEXDK 2UQRS EDUX <D\DVDQ 3DQJOLPD 3ROHP \DQJ PHPEDZD PLVL PHPDMXNDQ SHQJDMDUDQ SHQGLGLNDQ GDQ PHQLQJNDWNDQ NHVHMDKWHUDDQUDN\DW$NDQWHWDSLNHKDGLUDQ2UQRSLQLMXJDWLGDNGLNHQDOVHEDJDLVHEXDK 2UQRS/60(QWDKSDGDVDDWLWXPHPDQJEHOXPDGDLVWLODK2UQRSHQWDKSXODNDUHQD LVWLODK/60VHQGLULVHSHUWLGLWXOLV6DEDVWLDQ6DUDJLKGDODPEXNXNHFLOQ\D0HPEHGDK3HUXW /60EDUXPXQFXOSDGDWDKXQ\DQJQDPDWHUVHEXWGLXVXONDQROHK'U6DULQR 0DQJXQ 3UDQRWR SDGD SHUWHPXDQ 2UQRS \DQJ EHUJHUDN GL ELGDQJ SHPEDQJXQDQ 3HUGHVDDQGL8QJDUDQ 'DODPSHUNHPEDQJDQVHODQMXWQ\DHPEULR2UQRSGL%DQGD$FHKNKXVXVQ\DGDQGL$FHK XPXPQ\DPXODLPHPELDNVDWXSHUVDWXGHQJDQFDUDPHPEHODKGLULSDGDGHNDGHDQ 6HKLQJJDSDGDGHNDGHLQLNHODKLUDQ2UQRS/60WHUMDGLOHELKFHSDWGLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQ DSD\DQJWHUMDGLSDGDWDKXQDQ'LDZDOGHNDGHDQSDGDWDKXQNHODKLUDQ 2UQRS GLDZDOL GHQJDQ EHUGLULQ\D <D\DVDQ /HPEDJD 3HUOLQGXQJDQ .RQVXPHQ </3. 2UQRS LQL GLGLULNDQ ROHK EHEHUDSD NDXP DNDGHPLVL \DQJ PHQJDMDU GL NDPSXV 2UQRS EHUWXMXDQ PHPEHUGD\DNDQ PDV\DUDNDW NRQVXPHQ GHQJDQ PHPEHULNDQ ELPELQJDQ SDGD NRQVXPHQVHUWDPHQGRURQJSHQLQJNDWDQSURGXNVLGDODPQHJHUL.HKDGLUDQOHPEDJDLQL SDGDVDDWLWXEHOXPPHQXQMXNNDQ FLWUD GLUL 2UQRS \DQJ NULWLV /DOX VHWDKXQ NHPXGLDQ EHEHUDSD GRVHQ ).,3 SDGD WDQJJDO  0DUHW  PHQGLULNDQ <D\DVDQ .HPDNPXUDQ %DQJVD <.% \DQJ GLNHWXDL ROHK 'UV $EGXOODK )DULGDQ MXJD GDODP NHSHQJXUXVDQQ\D WHUPDVXN QDPD 'UV +DVEDODK 6DDG 06 *HUDN SHUWXPEXKDQ 2UQRS GL $FHK PXODL PHQDPSDNNDQ WDQGDWDQGD EHUNHPEDQJ ELDN SDGD WDKXQ DQ VHKLQJJD GDSDW GLNDWDNDQVHEDJDLWDKXQSHUNHPEDQJDQDZDOPXQFXOQ\D2UQRS2UQRSGL$FHK.DUHQD SDGDWDKXQDQWHUVHEXW2UQRS/60PXODLEHUNHPEDQJELDNVDWXSHUVDWXGL$FHK SDGDGHNDGHDQWHUVHEXW3DGDGHNDGHLQLLQLVLDWLIDNWLYLVNDPSXVPXODLWXPEXKGDQ EHUNHPEDQJ GHQJDQ PHPEDQJXQDWDX PHQGLULNDQ 2UQRS /60 PHODOXL VHEXDK SURVHV SHUNHPEDQJELDNDQ\DQJPHPEHODKGLUL.HODKLUDQ2UQRS2UQRSSDGDVDDWLWXODKLUGDUL VHEXDKLGHDOLVPHDWDXFLWDFLWDXQWXNPHQLQJNDWNDQWDUDIKLGXSPDV\DUDNDWGLSHUGHVDDQ \DQJ PLVNLQ GDQ PDUJLQDO 'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ VHFDUD VHGHUKDQD NLWD PHOLKDW EDKZD DUDK

48

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

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\DQJEHUJHUDNGLELGDQJOLQJNXQJDQ/DOXGLLNXWLNHPXGLDQSDGDWDKXQ \DQJVDPDMXJD6XUDL\D.DPPDUX]DPDQGDQNDZDQNDZDQPHQGLULNDQ<D\DVDQ)ORZHU $FHK \DQJ NKXVXV PHQDQJDQL LVXLVX SHUHPSXDQ .HODKLUDQ 2UQRS GDUL NXEX 0DQVXU

49

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

WHUVHEXWSDGDVDDWLWXNHEHWXODQPHQGDSDWGXNXQJDQGDUL/(/,3URJUDP/HDUQLQJDQG /LQJNDJH 3URJUDP 6HKLQJJD PHUHND GDSDW PHPXODL SURJUDPSURJUDP NHRUQRSDQ GHQJDQWDQSDKDUXVPHQFDULOHPEDJDOHPEDJDGDQDXQWXNPHPXODLSURJUDPPHUHND 'LOXDUNXEX0DQVXUSDGDWDKXQ\DQJVDPDMXJDODKLUOHPEDJDOHPEDJDEDUX\DQJOHELK FRQVHUQWHUKDGDSSHUVRDODQNHDJDPDDQ7HUFDWDWSDGDVDDWLWXDGDGXD2UQRSEDUX\DQJ ODKLU\DLWX800$+$7\DQJPHQDQJDQLPDVDODKSHPELQDDQLEXEDOLWDGDQUHPDMDVHUWD <D\DVDQ 3HQGLGLNDQ ,VODP <3,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GLNDODQJDQ DNWYLV GDQ 2UQRS .HLQJLQDQ WHUVHEXW GLWHOXVXUL GHQJDQ PHODNXNDQ SHUWHPXDQ SHUWHPXDQ LQIRUPDO XQWXN PHPEDKDV PDVDODK UHQFDQD PHPEDQJXQ VLNDS NHEHUVDPDDQ GL NDODQJDQ  2UQRS /60 SDGD WDKXQ  ,GHLGH LWX PXQFXO GLODQGDVL ROHK WDPSDNQ\D IHQRPHQD SHUWXPEXKDQ 2UQRS /60 SDGD GHNDGH DQ GDQ SUHGLNVL NH GHSDQ .HQ\DWDDQQ\D PHPDQJ NHODKLUDQ GDQ SHUWXPEXKDQ /60 PXODL WHUDVD FHSDW GHQ\XWQ\D  WHUMDGL SDGD GHNDGH DQ 3HUWXPEXKDQ /60 2UQRS GL $FHK SDGD GHNDGHLQLPXODLWDPSDNVXEXU+DOLQLGLWDQGDLROHKODKLUQ\DEDQ\DN/602UQRS\DQJ EXNDQ VDMD DGD GL %DQGD  $FHK WHWDSL MXJD GL GDHUDKGDHUDK 0XODL EDQ\DNQ\D /60 2UQRS \DQJ ODKLU SDGD WDKXQ  WHUVHEXW NDODQJDQ /60 \DQJ WHODK PHODNXNDQ SHUWHPXDQSHUWHPXDQLQIRUPDOVHMDNWDKXQDNKLUQ\DSDGDWDKXQLGHLGHDNDQ SHUOXQ\D PHPSHUVDWXNDQ JHUDN ODQJNDK /60 GL $FHK WHUUHDOLDVDVL 3DGD WDQJJDO  -DQXDULGLEHQWXN)RUXP5HJLRQDO/HPEDJD6ZDGD\D0DV\DUDNDW)5/60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

50

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

6DW\DSLWDOD $FHK 7HQJJDUD 3DGD WDKXQ  WHUFDWDW  /60 PDVLQJPDVLQJ %360 80$+$7GDQ/360\DQJGLELGDQLROHK0LUGDV,VPDLO GNN -XPODK /60 EHUWDPEDK GHQJDQODKLU/60SDGDWDKXQ.HHQDP/60WHUVHEXWDGDODK<D\DVDQ3XJDU\DQJ GLPRWRUL 5LGZDQ $QJJLH 0XQWKHL <D\DVDQ 6LQDU 'HVD ,QGRQHVLD <DVLQGR \DQJ GLGLULNDQ ROHK 0DQVXU 0XKDPPDG .LUDQ VHWHODK LD PHQLQJJDONDQ <DGHVD /36(/+ /3/+ GL /KRN 6HXPDZH $FHK 8WDUD GDQ 6XDUD +DWL 5DN\DW 6DKDUD GL 6DZDQJ $FHK 8WDUD 3HUWXPEXKDQ /60 SDGD WDKXQ  DGD  /60 PDVLQJPDVLQJ &HQWHU IRU &RPPXQLW\ 'HYHORSPHQW DQG (GXFDWLRQ &&'( )RUXP $NWLYLWDV .HWUDPSLODQ GDQ 7HNQRORJL $FHK )$.7$ 7KH 3DPXDOHQ )RXQGDWLRQ 7HUDWDL )RXQGDWLRQ <D\DVDQ NHVHMDKWHUDDQ PDV\DUDNDW ,QGRQHVLD <$.0, GDQ <$3'$ GL $FHK 8WDUD 6HPHQWDUD SDGD WDKXQ  KDQ\D GXD /60 PXQFXO\DNQL 3DNDW 7DEHOD \DQJ EHUJHUDN GL ELGDQJ SHPEHODDQ +XNXP GDQ <D\DVDQ 3HQJHPEDQJDQ :DQLWD <3: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GL$FHK-DWXKQ\DUH]LP6RHKDUWR\DQJGLWDQGDLGHQJDQOHQJVHUQ\DVDQJ3UHVLGHQ \DQJWHUODPDEHUNXDVDLQL JHUDN SHUWXPEXKDQ /60 GL $FHK PHQMDGL VHPDNLQNHQFDQJ %DKNDQGHQJDQPRPHQLWXNDODQJDQ2UQRS/60VHNDOLJXVPHODNXNDQUHSRVLVL 'DODP NRQWHNV $FHK VHEDJDL GDHUDK \DQJ WHUVHUHW NH GDODP NRQIOLN SROLWLN \DQJ EHUNHSDQMDQJDQ GDQ PHQ\HQJVDUDNDQ UDN\DW NDUHQD WLQJJLQ\D WLQGDN NHNHUDVDQ QHJDUD VWDWH YLROHQFH EHUXSD SHPEXQXKDQ SHQJKLODQJDQ RUDQJ GDQ SHQ\LNVDDQ GDQ ODLQODLQ \DQJPHQ\HEDENDQPHQLQJNDWQ\DWLQJNDWSHODQJJDUDQKDNDVDVLPDQXVLD+$0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

51

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

IRUXP/60$FHKVDDWLQLMXPODKDQJJRWDWHWDS)RUXP/60$FHK\DQJPHQGDIWDUVHEDJDL DQJJRWDEHUMXPODK1*2GLWDPEDKGHQJDQFDORQDQJJRWD6HPHQWDUD\DQJWLGDN WHUGDIWDUPDVLKVDQJDWEDQ\DNGDQNLQLWHUXVEHUWDPEDKMXPODKQ\D'LSHUNLUDNDQVDDWLQL MXPODKQ\DVXGDKPHOHELK2UQRS

0XQFXOQ\D$OLDQVL%DUX D:DOKL
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 \DQJ EDUX EHUGLUL VHPHQWDUD VHOHELKQ\D DGDODK 2UQRS/60 \DQJ VXGDK ODKLUVHEHOXPQ\D

E.HORPSRN.HUMD7UDQVIRUPDVL*HQGHU$FHK..7*$
.HORPSRNLQLGLGLULNDQSDGDWDQJJDO2NWREHUVHEDJDLWLQGDNODQMXWIROORZXS GDUL SHODWLKDQ *HQGHU 6HQVLWLYLW\ %HQWXN RUJDQLVDVLQ\D DGDODK VHEXDK MDULQJDQ \DQJ EHUDQJJRWDNDQ OHPEDJDOHPEDJD 2UQRS GDQ LQGLYLGX \DQJ PHPLOLNL NRPLWPHQ XQWXN PHQHJDNNDQ NHDGLODQ JHQGHU /DWDU EHODNDQJ WHUEHQWXNQ\D MDULQJDQ LQL GLODQGDVL SDGD ODQGDVDQNRVQWLWXVL88'\DQJVHFDUDWHJDVPHQMDPLQEDKZDSHUHPSXDQGDQODNL ODNLPHPLOLNLKDNNHZDMLEDQGDQNHVHPSDWDQ\DQJVDPDVHEDJDLSHUHQFDQDSHODNVDQDGDQ SHQHULPD PDQIDDW SHPEDQJXQDQ .HPXGLDQ GDUL UHDOLWDV HPSLULV GDQ VRVLDO WHUMDGLQ\D NHWLPSDQJDQ GL PDQD WLGDN VHLPEDQJQ\D KXEXQJDQ DQWDUD ODNLODNL GHQJDQ SHUHPSXDQ

52

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

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 GL $FHK ..7*$ VHEDJDL VHEXDK MDULQJDQ \DQJ FRQFHUQ GHQJDQ PDVDODK WHUVHEXW SDGD WDKXQ  PHPEHULNDQ SHOD\DQDQ SHPEHODDQ DGYRNDVL GDQ NRQVHOLQJ NHSDGD SHUHPSXDQSHUHPSXDQ \DQJ PHPEXWXKNDQQ\D VHFDUD JUDWLV PHODOXL :RPHQ &ULVLV &HQWHU 'L VDPSLQJ LWX MXJD PHODNXNDQ NHJLDWDQNHJLDWDQ SHODWLKDQ EDJL PDV\DUDNDW

F68/|+-DULQJDQ,QIRUPDVLGDQ3HPEHUGD\DDQ5DN\DW
6HWLDS NHODKLUDQ  DWDX WHUEHQWXNQ\D  VHEXDK MDULQJDQ 2UQRS ELDVDQ\D PHPLOLNL ODWDU EHODNDQJVHMDUDKKLVWRULFDOEDFNJURXQG%HJLWXMXJDKDOQ\DGHQJDQNHODKLUDQ68/|+\DQJ PHQMDGLMDULQJDQLQIRUPDVLGDQSHPEHUGD\DDQUDN\DWLQL68/|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|+ .HODKLUDQ68/|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

53

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

XQWXN PHODKLUNDQ VHEXDK MDULQJDQ \DQJ GLVHEXW 68/|+ .HODKLUDQ 68/|+ GLMDGLNDQ VHEDJDL ZDGDK EHUMDULQJDQ EHUNRPXQLNDVL WXNDU LQIRUPDVL EDJL DQJJRWD MDULQJDQ GDQ PLWUDNHUMDODLQQ\DVHEDJDLVHEXDKNHEXWXKDQ68/|+SDGDVDDWLWXPHOLKDWEDKZDSROD KXEXQJDQ NHNXDVDDQ \DQJ VDPD VHNDOL WLGDN PHPLKDN NHSDGD UDN\DW .DUHQD SROD SHPEDQJXQDQ \DQJ NDSLWDOLVWLN GDQ VHQWUDOLVWLN GHQJDQ SHQHNDQDQ SDGD SHPEDQJXQDQ HNRQRPL \DQJ WHODK PHQLQJNDWNDQ SHUWXPEXKDQ HNRQRPL WHODK SXOD PHQJKLODQJNDQ SDUWLVLSDVL UDN\DW SDGD VHWLDS SURVHV SHQJDPELODQ NHSXWXVDQ $NLEDWQ\D SHPEDQJXQDQ WHUVHEXWNHKLODQJDQPDNQD.HKLODQJDQSDUWLVLSDVLUDN\DWWHUKDGDSSHPEDQJXQDQWHUVHEXW PHPEHUL PDNQD EDKZD UDN\DW EXNDQ VDMD DNDQ NHKLODQJDQ DNVHV XQWXN PHQJRQWURO VXPEHU GD\D HNRQRPL WHWDSL MXJD NHKLODQJDQ DNVHV WHUKDGDS NHKLGXSDQ SROLWLN \DQJ GHPRNUDWLV 0DNDNHKDGLUDQ68/|+VHEDJDLVHEXDKMDULQJDQEHUFLWDFLWDDJDUWHUFLSWDQ\DUXDQJJHUDN \DQJ PHPXQJNLQNDQ UDN\DW PDPSX PHQJHNVSUHVLNDQ GLULQ\D PHQHQWXNDQ QDVLEQ\D VHQGLUL GDQ PHPLOLNL DNVHV GDQ NRQWURO WHUKDGD VXPEHU GD\D 2OHK VHEDE LWX 68/|+ PHQJHPEDQ PLVL XQWXN PHQGRURQJ WXPEXKQ\D JHUDNDQ VRVLDO \DQJ NXDW XQWXN WHUZXMXGQ\DSHUXEDKDQVRVLDO.LQL68/|+VHEDJDLVHEXDKMDULQJDQ\DQJEHUDQJJRWDNDQ  2UQRS LQL GDQ EHUWXMXDQ PHPSHUNXDW SRVLVL UDN\DW  EHUVDPD DQJJRWD MDULQJDQQ\D VHODPD LQL PHPIRNXVNDQ NHJLDWDQ SDGD SHPEHUGD\DDQ PDV\DUDNDW WDQL PHODOXL ZDGDK 3HUKLPSXQDQ 0DV\DUDNDW 7DQL $FHK 3(50$7$ \DQJ WHUEHQWXN GDUL KLPSXQDQ NHORPSRN WDQL GDPSLQJDQ 2UQRS DQJJRWD MDULQJDQ VHUWD SDGD SHUVRDODQSHUVRDODQ SHUWDQDKDQ\DQJGLKDGDSLROHKUDN\DWNHFLO

G.RDOLVL1*2+$0
.RDOLVL 1*2 +$0 DGDODK OHPEDJD DGYRNDVL +$0 \DQJ EHUVLIDW QLUODED QRQ SDUWLVDQ VHUWD PHPLOLNL PDQGDW XQWXN PHPEDQJXQ DOLDQVL GHQJDQ 1*2 UHJLRQDO QDVLRQDO GDQ LQWHUQDVLRQDO .RDOLVL 1*2 +$0 VHQGLUL PHUXSDNDQ NXPSXODQ EHEHUDSD 2UQRS \DQJ SHGXOLFRQFHUQWHUKDGDSSHQHJDNNDQ+$0GL$FHK.RDOLVLLQLGLGLULNDQSDGDWDQJJDO 6HSWHPEHU  \DQJ GLODWDUEHODNDQJL ROHK VLNDS NHSHGXOLDQ GDQ NHSULKDWLQDQ WHUKDGDS WLQGDNNHNHUDVDQGDQSHODQJJDUDQ+$0GL$FHK'DULVLNDSNHSHGXOLDQGDQNHSULKDWLQDQ WHUVHEXW DNWLYLV GDQ 1*2 \DQJ FRQFHUQ GHQJDQ SHQHJDNDQ +$0 WHUSDQJJLO XQWXN PHQJXQJNDSNDQ NDVXVNDVXV SHODQJJDUDQ +$0 GL $FHK VHODPD GDHUDK LQL GLMDGLNDQ VHEDJDL GDHUDK 2SHUDVL 0LOLWHU '20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 EDJDLPDQD DJDU SHPHULQWDKGDQOHPEDJDPLOLWHUEHUWDQJJXQJMDZDEDWDVSHODQJJDUDQ+$0GL$FHK SHUXEDKDQ WDWDQDQ SROLWLN GL $FHK GDQ LVX NHWLJD  DJDU SHUMXDQJDQ +$0 GL $FHK PHQMDGLDJHQGDGDQSHUKDWLDQFRQFHUQPDV\DUDNDWLQWHUQDVLRQDO

54

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

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

55

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

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

56

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

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 \DQJ GLMDGLNDQ GDQD EHUJXOLU UHYROYLQJ IXQG EXNDQ KXWDQJGDQVHEDJDLQ\D6HKLQJJDDNXQWDELOLWDVQ\D\DQJSHUWDPDGLWXMXNDQNHSDGDOHPEDJD GDQD PHODOXL DXGLW \DQJ GLODNXNDQ ROHK OHPEDJD GDQD PDXSXQ DNXQWDQ SXEOLN LQGHSHQGHQW \DQJ GLWXQMXN ROHK OHPEDJD GDQD 'DQ SHUWDQJJXQJDQ JXJDWDQ MXJD GLWXMXNDQ NHSDGD PDV\DUDNDW VHQGLUL VHEDJDL NHORPSRN SHQHULPD PDQIDDW GHQJDQ FDUD PHPEHULNDQ DNVHV NRQWURO NHSDGD PHUHND XQWXN PHQJRQWURO SHQJJXQDDQ GDQD GDQ VHEDJDLQ\D'HQJDQFDUDPHOLEDWNDQPDV\DUDNDWVHEDJDLSLKDN\DQJPHQJRQWURONHJLDWDQ GDQ SHQJJXQDDQ GDQD PDND WLQJNDW DNXQWDELOLWDV 2UQRS WHUVHEXW GDSDW GLSHUFD\D GDQ GLSHUWDQJJXQJMDZDENDQ6HEDJDLVHEXDKLOXVWUDVLVDMDNHWLND<D\DVDQ3URJUDP3HPXOLKDQ .HEHUGD\DDQ 0DV\DUDNDW 3.0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

+XEXQJDQ2UQRS'HQJDQ1HJDUDGDQ3HPHULQWDK
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

57

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

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

5HNRPHQGDVLGDQ'LVNXVL
 .HODKLUDQGDQSHUWXPEXKDQ2UQRS\DQJVHPDNLQSHVDWGLGDHUDKGDHUDKGLVDWX SLKDNPHUXSDNDQVHEXDKNHNXDWDQEDJLHNVLVWHQVL2UQRSGDODPPHPEHUGD\DNDQ UDN\DW QDPXQ GL SLKDN ODLQ NHKGLUDQ 2UQRS \DQJ PHQMDPXU WHUVHEXW SHUOX GLFHUPDWL NDUHQD DNDQ GDSDW PHQJDQFDP  HNVLVWHQVL 2UQRS VHFDUD XPXP 2OHK VHEDE LWX GLSHUOXNDQ XSD\D XQWXN PHQ\DWXNDQ YLVL GDQ PLVL \DQJ WHSDW GDODP PHPSHUNXDWSRVLVLUDN\DWVLSLO  6HLULQJGHQJDQWXPEXKQ\DMDULQJDQGDQNRDOLVLDQWDU2UQRSGLGDHUDKGDHUDKVDDW LQL GLSDQGDQJ VHEDJDL VHEXDK JHUDNDQ SHQJXDWDQ 2UQRS GDODP PHPEHUGD\DNDQ DQJJRWDQ\D GDODP UDQJND PHPSHUFHSDW SURVHV GHPRNUDWLVDVL \DQJ WHUZXMXG GDODPNRQVHSPDV\DUDNDWPDGDQL  2UQRSSHUOXPHPSRVLVLNDQGLULQ\DVHEDJDLVHEXDKLQVWLWXVLSHQJXDWDQUDN\DW\DQJ OHELKNULWLVGHQJDQWLGDNPHOLEDWNDQGLULGDODPSURJUDPSURJUDP\DQJGLMDODQNDQ SHPHULQWDK3RVLVL2UQRSOHELKGLWHNDQNDQSDGDSRVLVLNRQWURO

58

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

',6.86,
3HUWDQ\DDQ
 &DPL%DQJXQ0LWUD6HMDWL-DNDUWD %DJDLPDQDYLVL2UQRS$FHKNHGHSDQNDLWDQQ\DGHQJDQNHELMDNDQ272'$GL$FHK 0XQJNLQDGDXSD\D\DQJGLODNXNDQXQWXNPHQ\DWXNDQYLVLXQWXNPHPEDQJXQ$FHK"  .XVXPDVWXWL60(58-DNDUWD 'RURQJDQ DSD \DQJ PHQ\HEDENDQ PXQFXOQ\D EDQ\DN /60 GL $FHK" $SDNDK GDSDW GLJDPEDUNDQGHQJDQGLVNULSVLSHWD"  0RFKWDU$EEDV<D\DVDQ0LWUD8VDKD-DNDUWD S $SDNDK 2UQRS GL $FHK PHUXSDNDQ DQDN FDEDQJ GDUL -DNDUWD PLVDOQ\D 3.%, %LQD'HVD</.,GOO" S %DJDLPDQD VHEHQDUQ\D LGH *$0 GLOLKDW GDUL SHUVSHNWLI 2UQRS GL $FHK %DJDLPDQD NRQWULEXVL GDUL 2UQRS WHUKDGDS LGHLGH EHUNDLWDQ GHQJDQ *$0 PLVDOQ\D5HIHUHQGXP"

-DZDEDQ
 3HUNHPEDQJDQ 2UQRS GL $FHK VDQJDW EDQ\DN 3HUVRDODQ YLVL NH GHSDQ EHUNDLWDQ GHQJDQ272'$NHOLKDWDQQ\DPHQJDUDKSDGDSHPEHUGD\DDQPDV\DUDNDWPDV\DUDNDW VLSLO\DQJWHUWLQGDV6HFDUDSDVWL/60PHQJLQJLQNDQEDKZDPDV\DUDNDW$FHKWHUOHSDV DWDXNHOXDUGDULNHWHUWLQGDVDQ 3HPELFDUD WLGDN \DNLQ DSDNDK EHQDU 272'$ LQL DNDQ GLODNVDQDNDQ NHOLKDWDQQ\D SHPHULQWDK PDVLK VHWHQJDK KDWL VHKLQJJD PHQMDGL VXOLW XQWXN PHOLKDWQ\D GDUL SHUVSHNWLI2UQRS0DVDODKQ\DDSDNDKYLVLLQLGDSDWWHUFDSDL"6DQJDWWHUJDQWXQJGDUL EDQ\DNKDO  25123 MXJD GDSDW GLMDGLNDQ VHEDJDL NHQGDUDDQ XQWXN PHQFDUL SRSXODULWDV MDODQ MDODQ NH OXDU QHJHUL %DQ\DN 2UQRS \DQJ PHPSXQ\DL NHLQJLQDQ XQWXN PHPEHULNDQ EDQWXDQVHPDWDEHUVLIDWNDULWDWLI6HODLQLWXEDQ\DN/60\DQJODKLUNDUHQDDGDQ\D EHUEDJDL SURJUDP SHPHULQWDK .87 -36 GOO 3HPELFDUD WLGDN GDSDW PHPEHUL WDKX 2UQRSPDQD\DQJWHUPDVXNGDODPNDWHJRULWHUVHEXW  2UQRS GL $FHK ODKLU GDUL SURVHV SHPEHODMDUDQ GDUL SLKDNSLKDN GL OXDU %LQD 'HVD 3.%,GDQOHELKNHSDGDSURVHVSHQGHZDVDDQ2UQRSGL$FHK 2UQRS2UQRS PDVLK EHUMDODQ GDODP JDULV NHRUQRSDQQ\D 7HWDSL GDUL SLKDN PLOLWHU 2UQRS GLDQJJDS VHEDJDL SLKDN \DQJ EHUSLKDN SDGD *$0 NDUHQD OHELK PHPSHUKDWLNDQWHUKDGDSNRUEDQNRUEDQ\DQJGLDNLEDWNDQROHKNHNHUDVDQPLOLWHUGDQ WLGDNVHEDOLNQ\D7LGDNVHPXD2UQRSEHUSLKDNSDGDPXQFXOQ\D5HIHUHQGXPNDUHQD DZDOQ\DKDQ\DEHEHUDSDPLVDOQ\D6,5$

59

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000

.RPHQWDU0RGHUDWRU
 %DJDLPDQD 2UQRS PHPSXQ\DL VDWX SHUVSHNWLI PLVDOQ\D GDODP PHOLKDW SDUWLVLSDVL PDV\DUDNDW'DODPNDLWDQLQL2UQRSVHKDUXVQ\DPHPSXQ\DLDJHQGD\DQJMHODVGDQ SHUVSHNWLI\DQJVDPDGDODPPHOLKDWSDUWLVLSDVLPDV\DUDNDW  'DULEHEHUDSDFRQWRKWHUOLKDWDGDNHNKDZDWLUDQELDVDNWLYLWDVGDUL2UQRS

60

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (SMERU), Agustus 2000