JANE M.

OGARIO II-PILOT

CORK CELLS

Mature cork cells are plant cells that form the protective water-resistant
tissue in the outer covering of stems or trunks. Cork cells are genetically
programmed not to divide, but instead to remain as they are, and are
considered dead cells. Each cell wall is comprised of a waxy substance
known as suberi n, which is highly impermeable to gases and water.
Depending upon the species of woody plant, the cork cell may be filled
with air or may contain traces of lignin, tannins, or fatty acids. Thickness
of cork tissue varies from one plant to the next. Packed closely together,
the cells are generally arranged in radial rows and separation is achieved
by structures called lenticels. These pore-like structures allow gases to
be exchanged between the plant stem and the outside environment. The
layer of dead cells formed by the cork cambium provides internal plant
tissue, including the vascular system, with extra insulation and
protection.

The Quer cus su ber , also known as the cork oak, is cultivated for cork
and is stripped of its outer cork layer about every nine years. Qualities
most prized in cork material include insulating, shock absorbing, and gas
and water impermeable properties. Probably the most familiar use of
cork is as the bottle stopper used to preserve fine wines and
champagnes. Cork from oak trees native to southern Europe and
northern Africa is generally harvested every several years after the thick
layers have accumulated.