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Pa Tho Physiology of Typhoid Fever and Acute Gastroenteritis
Pa Tho Physiology of Typhoid Fever and Acute Gastroenteritis
Schematic Diagram
Predisposing Geographical area tropical islands in the Pacific (Philippines) and Asia Young adult(19-45) 40yrs old Precipitating Washing of hands inadequately Sharing of food from the same plate Drinking unpurified water Eating foods from the outside source (carinderia)
Bacteria invades the Payers patches of the intestinal wall in the small intestines where it attach (incubation period is first 7-14 days after ingestion)
Bacteria will then injects toxins known as the effector proteins into the intestinal cells and interrupts with the cellular proteins & lipids & manipulate their function resulting in phagocytization of the epithelial cell membrane until it is engulf down into the inferior part of the host cells where macrophages is present. Macrophages & intestinal epithelial cells then attract T cells & neutrophils with interleukin 8 (IL-8 causing inflammation of the intestinal wall) The bacteria is within the macrophages and survives
Perforation and destruction of mucosal lining of the intestinal wall can lead to persistent inflammation Ulceration and bleeding in the mucosal lining and leads to necrosis Tissue damage and inflammation causes loss of absorption due to damaged villi causing an increase in water, electrolytes, mucus, blood, and serum to be pulled into the intestine from immature crypt cells Abdominal spasm is induced to limit mucosal injury adding in stimulation of increased peristalsis
The bacteria induced macrophage apoptosis, breaking out into the bloodstream and cause systemic infection
Signs/ symptoms: Febrile: T-38.5C Warmth to touch Headache of 3/10, body weakness
Typhoid Fever
Signs/ symptoms: RUQ Abdominal pain of 5/10 pain scale, guarding behavior, facial grimace, tachypnea-RR of 38cpm,
Acute Gastroenteritis
Complications: Bile is infected and typically shed in the stool and are then available to infect other hosts
Complications: Peritonitis Pancreatitis Hepatic and splenic abscesses Disseminated intravascular coagulation Myocarditis Shock Death
Signs/ symptoms: Diarrhea, defecates 5-7 times at night, soft watery stool 2-3 cups per episodes, hyperactive bowel sounds of 16 clocks per minute, dry skin, anorexia, decreased body weight
Legend: - Pathophsiology
- Diagnostic exams
- Complications