ICS

Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period Series Epoch Stage Age

INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHART

International Commission on Stratigraphy
Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period GSSP Stage Age Age Ma Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period Series Epoch Series Epoch GSSP GSSP

Quaternary *

Holocene Upper
Pleistocene

0.0118 0.126 0.781

Tithonian Upper Kimmeridgian Oxfordian Callovian

145.5 4.0 150.8 4.0

Upper

Famennian Frasnian Givetian Eifelian Emsian Pragian Lochkovian

359.2 2.5 374.5 2.6 385.3 2.6

Devonian

Middle Lower Gelasian

155.7 4.0 161.2 4.0 164.7 4.0 167.7 3.5 171.6 3.0 175.6 2.0 183.0 1.5 189.6 1.5

Neoproterozoic

Ediacaran Cryogenian Tonian Stenian Ectasian Calymmian Statherian Orosirian Rhyacian Siderian

542 ~630 850 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2050 2300 2500

Meso zoic Jurassic

1.806 2.588 3.600 5.332 7.246 11.608 13.65 15.97 20.43

Phanerozoic Cenozoic Paleogene Neogene

Pliocene

Piacenzian
Zanclean

Middle

Bathonian Bajocian Aalenian Toarcian Pliensbachian Sinemurian Hettangian Rhaetian

397.5 2.7 407.0 2.8 411.2 2.8 416.0 2.8 418.7 2.7 421.3 2.6 422.9 2.5 426.2 2.4 428.2 2.3 436.0 1.9 439.0 1.8 443.7 1.5 445.6 1.5 455.8 1.6 460.9 1.6 468.1 1.6

Precambrian Archean Proterozoic

Middle

391.8 2.7

Lower
Pridoli

Mesoproterozoic

Messinian Tortonian Miocene Serravallian Langhian Burdigalian Aquitanian Oligocene Chattian Rupelian Priabonian Eocene Bartonian Lutetian Ypresian Thanetian Paleocene Selandian Danian Maastrichtian Campanian Upper Santonian Coniacian Turonian Cenomanian Albian Aptian Lower Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian

Lower

Ludlow

Ludfordian Gorstian Homerian Sheinwoodian Telychian Aeronian Rhuddanian Hirnantian

Paleoproterozoic

Phanerozoic Paleo zoic Ordovician Silurian

196.5 1.0 199.6 0.6 203.6 1.5 216.5 2.0 228.0 2.0 237.0 2.0 245.0 1.5 249.7 0.7 251.0 0.4 253.8 0.7 260.4 0.7 265.8 0.7 268.0 0.7 270.6 0.7 275.6 0.7 284.4 0.7 294.6 0.8 299.0 0.8 303.9 0.9 306.5 1.0 311.7 1.1 318.1 1.3 326.4 1.6 345.3 2.1

Wenlock

Neoarchean
2800

Phanerozoic

28.4 0.1 33.9 0.1 37.2 0.1 40.4 0.2 48.6 0.2 55.8 0.2 58.7 0.2

Triassic

23.03

Upper

Norian Carnian Ladinian Anisian

Olenekian

Llandovery

Mesoarchean
3200

Middle Lower Lopingian

Paleoarchean
3600

Upper

Stage 6 Stage 5 Darriwilian Stage 3

Induan Changhsingian Wuchiapingian Capitanian Wordian Roadian Kungurian Artinskian Sakmarian Asselian Gzhelian Kasimovian Moscovian Bashkirian Visean

Eoarchean

Lower limit is not defined

Paleo zoic Carboniferous Permian

61.7 0.2 65.5 0.3 70.6 0.6 83.5 0.7 85.8 0.7 89.3 1.0 93.5 0.8 99.6 0.9 112.0 1.0 125.0 1.0 130.0 1.5 136.4 2.0 140.2 3.0 145.5 4.0

Guadalupian

Mesozoic Cretaceous

Pennsylvanian

Upper Middle Lower Middle Lower

Mississippian

Upper Serpukhovian

Tournaisian 359.2 2.5

* proposed by ICS

Cambrian

Cisuralian

Subdivisions of the global geologic record are formally defined by their lower boundary. Each unit 471.8 1.6 of the Phanerozoic (~542 Ma to Present) and the Stage 2 Lower 478.6 1.7 base of Ediacaran are defined by a basal Global Tremadocian Standard Section and Point (GSSP ), whereas 488.3 1.7 Precambrian units are formally subdivided by Stage 10 absolute age (Global Standard Stratigraphic Age, ~ 492.0 * Stage 9 Furongian GSSA). Details of each GSSP are posted on the ~ 496.0 * ICS website (www.stratigraphy.org). Paibian International chronostratigraphic units, rank, 501.0 2.0 names and formal status are approved by the Stage 7 International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) ~ 503.0 * Series 3 Stage 6 and ratified by the International Union of Geological ~ 506.5 * Sciences (IUGS). Stage 5 Numerical ages of the unit boundaries in the ~ 510.0 * Phanerozoic are subject to revision. Some stages Stage 4 ~ 517.0 * within the Ordovician and Cambrian will be formally Series 2 Stage 3 named upon international agreement on their GSSP ~ 521.0 * limits. Most sub-Series boundaries (e.g., Middle Stage 2 and Upper Aptian) are not formally defined. ~ 534.6 * Series 1 Colors are according to the Commission for the Stage 1 542.0 1.0 Geological Map of the World (www.cgmw.org). This chart was drafted by Gabi Ogg. Intra Cambrian unit ages The listed numerical ages are from 'A Geologic with * are informal, and awaiting ratified definitions. Time Scale 2004', by F.M. Gradstein, J.G. Ogg, Copyright 2006 International Commission on Stratigraphy A.G. Smith, et al. (2004; Cambridge University Press).

Middle

GSSP GSSA

Stage Age

Age Ma

Age Ma

Age Ma