soongdora

11.. B
Blluueeggiillllss
angler(s):
bluegill(s):
gaming fish:
intense study(ies):
mating habit(s):
alpha [lf] male(s):
fry:
circumvent: vt.
deception: ,
comprise: vt. ~
copper colored bar(s):
silvery blue breast(s):
spawning season:
colony spawner(s):
excavate: vt. ~ ,
bedding: ,
depression(s): 1) , , 2) , (cf. make depressions)
grunting noise(s):
hatch(es):
sneaker(s):
cuckold(s): a man whose wife has sex with another man
divert: vt. ~
gonad(s):
milt: 1) n. ( ), 2) vt. ~
secretion(s): , (cf. secretion: U )
testis: (cf. pl. testes)
spermatozoon [sprmtzun]: (cf. pl. spermatozoa)
procreative:
tilt: vt. ( )
diminutive:
dart: vi. (cf. dart into ~)
squirt: vi., vt.
tactic(s): ,
gene:

soongdora
mimicry: ,
beefy: ,
marking(s):
spurt: vt.
swoop: vi. (cf. swoop down)
maneuver: vi.
eject: vt. ,
breeding ground(s):

22.. T
Thhee M
Meeddiiuum
mss ooff E
Eggyyppttiiaann A
Arrtt
medium(s): (),
limestone:
silt: ( )
resurrection: ,
decease: vi. (cf. the deceased: )
shrine(s): ,
niche(s):
adept:
chisel: ,
plaster: ,
coffin(s):
the lost wax process:
ceramic [srmik]:
cult(s): ,
embed: vt. () .
faience:
quartz:
stud(s): , ,
turquoise [trkwiz]:

33.. IInnccaann aanndd M

Maayyaann C
Ciivviilliizzaattiioonn
conquistador(s):

soongdora
indigenous [inddns]: ,
inhabitant(s): , ,
piece together: vt.
withstand: vt. ~
terrace(s) [trs]:
layout(s): ,
mortar(s): ,
hew: vt. ,
hereditary [hirdtri]: ,
disparate: ,
descendant(s):
command: ,
far-flung:
courier: , ,
hieroglyphic(s) [hirglfik]:
glyph(s):
logograph(s) [lggrf]:
inscribe: vt. ,
codex: (cf. pl. codices)
priest(s): ,

44.. SSeenntteennccee SSiim

mpplliiffiiccaattiioonn

(p. 54~63)

castoff(s): ,
outgrow: vt.
arid: ,
continental climate:
Pacific storm front(s):
thrifty: ,
reef(s):
mount: vt. (, ) = ascend
rubble: ,
debris:
post-cranial bone(s):
Civil libertarian(s) [lbrt-rin]:

soongdora
wilt: vi. ( )
mundane:
integrity [intgrti]: ,
proliferation: , ,
epidemic(s):
abstain: vi. , (cf. abstain from ~)
hinder: vt.
groundless: ,
lubricious: ,
repulsive: , (cf. repulsive to ~)
myopic:
ragged: ,
bustling: ,
Aristotelian [risttlin]:
dramatic performance(s):
evoke: vt. (, )
purge: vt. (, ) (cf. purge the mind of/from false notions)
downfall: ,
unfavorable: , (cf. unfavorable to ~)
indulgent: , (cf. indulgent to ~)
cleanse: vt. (, ) ,
cerebral [srbrl, sr-]:
callous: , = insensible (cf. callous to ~)
neural:
equitable [kwtbl]: ,
handedness:
spawn: vt., vi. ,
enlist: (cf. enlist a person for military service)
substratum: , , (cf. pl. substrata)
compel: vt. . (cf. compel a person to submission)
echo: vi. (cf. The room was echoed with laughter)
mitigate: vt. ,
presentiment(s): () ,
mass consumption:
ensue: vi.
craze(s): ,

soongdora
satiate: vt.
inaction: , ,
frenetic: ,
interventionism:
lamentable: ,
outside of: ~
humanitarian(s) [hjumntrin]: ,
benefactor(s):
prior to: ~
retreat: ,
forebode: vt., vi. ~
gratify: vt. , = satisfy
jumble: vi. . (cf. jumble up things in a box)
deduct: vt. ( ) (cf. deduct 10% from/out of the salary)
malleable:
lithography [ligrfi]:
Bavarian(s) [bvrin]: ()
duplicate: 1) a. [djplkit] , 2) n. [djplkit] , ,
3) vt. [djplkit] , ( )
greasy:
slab(s):
relentless: ,
means: , (, )
persistent: , ,
instinctive: ,
incident [nsdnt]: , (cf. a disease incident to childhood)
annul [nl]: vt. ,
substantiate: vt. ,
conform: vt., vi. , (cf. conform to/with the laws)
sluggish: ,
hunt-and-peck: ()
boast: vi. = brag (cf. boast of/about ~)
decal [dikl]: vt. (, )
wedge: vt. , .
pliable:
primeval: ,

soongdora
pertinent: , (cf. pertinent to ~)
lethargic: ,
corporeal: = bodily, physical
contemptible: ,
bombard: vt. 1) 2) ( ) (cf. bombard a person with questions)
batter: vi. , (cf. They battered down the castle with cannon.)
occasion(s): , ,
commitment(s): , (cf. make a commitment to ~)
beaded:
headdress(es):
don: vt. (, )
frenzy: , = fury, rage
collapse: vi. ( )
exhaustion: , ,
cohesion: ,
divine: ,
pledge: 1) n. 2) vt.
deem: vt. ~ (cf. deem a person (to be) ~)
elaborate [ilbrit]: 1) vt. 2) a. ,
underlie: vt. ~ , ~
adage(s): ,
austere: ,
loom: vi.
mutter: vi. (cf. mutter against a person)
thrust: vi. , (cf. He thrusted himself rudely into the conversation.)
paleontologist(s):
phonetic:
lump(s):
predatory:
Mesozoic:
sprawl: vi.
sectional: ,
terminal: ,
headstrong:
trifling: ,
catastrophic: ,

soongdora
engrossed:
hyped: ,
statehood:
deposit(s): ,
influx: (cf. an influx of visitors)
prospector(s): ,
brew: vi. 1) 2) (, )
amendment: ,
immense: ,
downturn(s): ,
mineral [mnrl]: ,
bust(s): , (cf. boom and bust)
inpour: vt., vi. ,
advocate: 1) n. [dvkit] 2) vt. [dvkit]
render: vt. ~ , ~ (cf. render evil for good: )
snare: vt. ,
abominated: vt. , (cf. I abominated overpraising.)
offshoot(s): 1) 2)
stack(s): ,
divergence(s): , ,
coalition: , = union
inundation: ,
entreaty: , ,

55.. E
Elleeccttrriicc ffiisshh
Electrical communication:
insulator(s):
current(s):
give off: vt. (, ),
discharge(s):
volley(s): ,
predation: , ,
electric organ(s):
electrolyte [ilktroulit]: ,

soongdora
axon(s):
distinctly:
biochemical activity(ies):
amalgamate: vt., vi. ( )
potential difference:
stun: vt. ,
modulate: vt., vi. ,
exude [igzd]: vt.
blast(s):
perpetual: ,
tandem(s) [tndm]: , (cf. in tandem with: )
receptor(s): ,
voltmeter(s):
current flow(s):
deflect: vt., vi. , (cf. deflect with ~)
conductive power:
minnow(s): ,
ally(ies): , (cf. be allied to/with: ~ /~ .)
electric organ discharge (EOD):
deliberate: ,
prowess: 1) 2)
electrical impulse(s):
erupt: vi. ( ) ,
jam: vt. (cf. jam a thing into a box)
surrender: , ,
reflexive: ,

66.. T
Thhee FFrreem
moonntt
hunter-gatherer(s):
maize: ()
nomadic: (cf. nomadic tribe(s): )
semi-subterranean:
timber:
pit(s): 1) n. 2) vt. , (cf. pit against ~)

soongdora
granary(ies): ,
diversion(s): ,
pocket(s):
affinity(ies): ,
cattail(s): , ( )
bulrush(es): ( )
moccasin(s) [mksin]:
hock(s): ( )
bison: (cf. pl. bison ( ))
dewclaw(s) [djukl]: (, )
hobnail(s):
shard(s): = fragment
specimen(s) [spsmn]:
trapezoid [trpzid]: ()
bedeck: vt. ,
inexplicable [inksplikbl]: (cf. an inexplicable phenomenon)
scant: = deficient
precipitation [prisptin]: 1) , 2)
paucity [psti]: ,
demise: 1) , 2) ()
bevy(ies): , (cf. a bevy of ladies)

77.. H
Hyyddrrooeelleeccttrriicc ppoow
weerr
demographic [dmgrfik] pressure:
impetus [mpts]: , (cf. give an impetus to ~)
conventional:
turbine-driven:
staple(s): 1) 2) , (cf. a staple of ~)
detractor(s): ,
tantalize: vt. ()
aspirant [sprnt]: ,
substation: , ( )
extractable:
prudent: ,

soongdora
swath(s): ()
acreage: , ,
submerge: vt. ,
ancestral:
diaspora [daispr]:
saturation:
flora [flr]: (cf. pl. floras / florae [flri])
biomass:
inert: ,
lethal [ll]:
harness: 1) n. () 2) vt. ( )
ebb generator(s):
erect: 1) a. , 2) vt. ,
barrage [brd]: 1) , 2) [bridz]
estuary [sturi]: ( )
sluice gate(s):
basin(s):
ramification(s): ,
sediment(s):
tout [taut]: vt. ,
churn out: vt.
pivot: vt., vi.
feature: vt. ~
seabed:
breaker(s): (, )
suck: vt. () , (cf. suck in knowledge)
prototype(s): ,
pounding surf:
saltwater corrosion:
undertaking(s): 1) 2) ,
portend: vt. ~

88.. T
Thhee E
Erriiee C
Caannaall
Appalachian [plitin] a. ()
haulage: , ,

10

soongdora
onerous: , = burdensome
fertile [frtl / -tail]: (cf. fertile in wheat / a fertile year ())
tributary(ies): 1) , 2) ()
strip: 1) vt. , 2) n.
lock(s): ( ) ,
contraption(s):
aqueduct(s) [kwdkt]:
flowage [fluid]: ,
prophecy [prfsi]: (cf. the gift of prophecy)
haul: vt. (cf. haul timber to a sawmill)
flatboat(s):
tonnage: ()
plethora [plr]: ,
breadbasket(s):
exponential: ,
bushel(s): ( 36)
barge(s): ( )
dredge: vt. (, )

99.. FFaacctt &

&N
Neeggaattiivvee FFaacctt

(p. 86~95)

daguerreotype [dgrtip]:
negative: ,
sensitize: 1) vt. ~ 2) n.
iodous [ids]:
sodium [sudim]:
thiosulfate [iouslfeit]:
tone: vt. 1) 2) (cf. tone with)
chloride [klraid]:
cogent: ,
fetching: ,
clash: 1) n. ( ) 2) vi. (cf. This color classes with that.)
preclude: vt. , (cf. preclude a firm from going bankrupt)
conciliate [knsliit]: vt. ,
signal crosstalk:

11

soongdora
infrared [nfrrd]: (cf. ultraviolet)
wavelength:
homage: (cf. pay/render homage to ~)
elitism:
ultimate [ltmit]:
contention(s): , (cf. in contention: )
limpid: ,
shoddy: 1) a. , 2) n. ,
lopsided:
terrain [trin]: ,
anguish: ,
attire: , (cf. in holiday attire)
surmise: vi. (cf. I surmised from his looks that he was very poor then.)
blockage(s): (cf. a blockage in an artery / a pipe / a drain)
surface: 1) n. 2) vi. (, ) ()
metabolism [mtblzm]: ,
shrub(s): ,
antiquity [ntkwti]: , ,
conceive: vt. , ,
portraiture [prtrtr]: ,
dainty: ,
locket(s): ( , )
brooch(es) [brout]:
memento(es) [mimntou]: , ,
exquisite [ikskwzit, kskwizit]: ,
patronage: , (cf. under the patronage of ~)
impregnable: ,
fraternize: vi. ,
nimble: 1) , 2) ,
innominate [inmnt]: ,
post-medieval:
rendition(s): 1) , 2) ,
cartouche [krt]: ,
elaborate: 1) a. [ilbrit] , 2) vt. [ilbrit]
amount: vi. (, ) ~ , ~ (cf. amount to ~)
woodcut(s):

12

soongdora
copper:
dampen: vt., vi.
comparative [kmprtiv]:
cartography [krtgrfi]:
replicate: 1) [rplkit] vt. , 2) a. [rplkit]
etching(s):
moist: ,
excess: , (cf. excess of fat)
porpoise(s) [prps]:
physiology:
respiratory [rsprtri]:
carbon dioxide:
considerable [knsdrbl]: , , (cf. to a considerable extent: )
receptiveness:
venture: vi. 1) 2) ~ (cf. venture to do)
fabricate: vt. ,
cardinal: ,
nascent: ,
purloin: vt. ,
weather vane(s):
wind vane(s):
cockerel(s):
weathercock:
noxious: ,
radar-imaging
venomous [vnms]: ,
topography [toupgrfi]: ,
silhouette: vt.
rectify: vt. ,
laud: vt. ,
concoct [knkkt]: vt. ,
noisome: ,
congenital [kndntl]: (, ) , (cf. congenital deformity)
illiberal [ilbrl]: 1) , 2)
centennial [sentnil]: 100
transit: , (cf. in transit: )

13

soongdora
crate(s):
pedestal(s) [pdstl]:
adze [dz]: vt. .
sapwood:
relief:
grind: vt. ,
enfeeble [infbl]: vt.
venerate: vt. ,
thrash: vt. ,
jolt: vi. (cf. The car jolted along.)
lease: vt. ,
contraband [kntrbnd]: 1) a. 2) n.
antiseptic [ntsptik]: 1) 2)
palaeoanthropology [piliounrpldi]:
luminescence [lmnsns]: (cf. luminescence dating technique: )
surface runoff:
accretion: 1) , 2)
demeanor: ,
bare: 1) 2)
continence: , ,
treason: , (cf. high treason: )
confederate(s) [knfdrit]: 1) a. , 2) n. = accomplice
ploy(s): ,
secret ballot(s):
respite: , (cf. put in respite: , )
accomplice(s):
smith(s):
equivocally: ,
anchor: vt.
bristle: vi. () ,
mucous [mjks]:
slimy [slimi]: ,
graze: vt.
alternative [ltrntiv]: 1) n. 2) a.
disinter [dsintr]: vt. 1) ( ) , 2) ( )
further: vt. ,

14

soongdora
lash(es): 1) n. 2) vi. (cf. Branches lashed at my face.)
scale: vt. 1) () 2)
humble: ,
gluttonous: , = greedy
obscure: ,
salutary [sljtri]: ,
State Capitol:
strove: vt. (cf. He strove to overcome his bad habits.)
tastemaker(s):
aspire: vi. , (cf. He aspired to be their next leader.)
equestrian [ikwstrin]: ,
stirring:
deed(s): (cf. a brave / charitable / evil deed)
dissect: vt. ,
proscribe: vt. ,
capitulate [kplit]:
defer: vt. , = postpone (cf. defer going to the dentist)
fade: vi. ,
concomitant [knkmtnt]:

1100.. T
Thhee A
Auuttoom
moobbiillee B
Boooom
m
output technology:
changeover(s): ,
upswing(s): , (cf. an upswing in economic activity)
combustion: , (cf. spontaneous combustion: )
payroll(s): 1) 2)
tedious: ,
foundry(ies): ,
steel mill(s):
rear: vt. 1) , 2) ,
repercussion(s) [rprkn]: 1) , 2) ( pl.) ( ) ,
gutter(s): ,
curb(s): 1) 2) ()
reverberation(s) [rivrbrin]: , (cf. the political reverberations of the scandal)

15

soongdora

1111.. SSkkyyssccrraappeerrss
teeming:
outpace: vt. ~ ,
conundrum(s):
grant: vt. , = bestow [bistu]
squeeze: vt. ,
lunacy [lnsi]: ,
dub: vt. ( , ) , ~ (cf. The King cubbed his son a Knight.)
buttress: 1) n. , 2) vt. ,
genuine [njuin]: = real
ingenuity [ndnjti]: ,
abutement [btmnt]: ,
testament(s) : ,
entrails: ( pl.) , , = intestines [intstins]
snap: vi. , ()
smother: vt. ~
landmark(s): , (cf. the landmarks of history)
Holy Grail:
hydraulic [haidrlik]: ,
contraption(s): ,
pulley(s):
bucket(s):
grooved:
counterweight: 1) n. 2) vt.

1122.. L
Looiiee FFuulllleerr
burlesque(s):
vaudeville(s): ,
choreography [krigrfi]:
hone: vt. ~ , ,
grandiose [grndius]: ,
household name(s): ,

16

soongdora
hypnosis [hipnusis]: ,
ethereal [iril]: , ,
splendor: , (cf. live in splendor)
aperture [prtr]: ,
floodlight(s): , (cf. a match played under floodlights)
glow: 1) n. , 2) vi.
bouncing: , (cf. a bouncing girl: )
wizardry: ,
apparition [prn]: ,
phosphorescent [fsfrsnt]: ,
undaunted: ,
revue(s) [rivj]:
all the rage:
avant-garde(s): 1) 2)
compatriot(s) [kmpitrit]:

1133.. T
Thhee C
Crriissiiss ooff tthhee T
Thhiirrdd C
Ceennttuurryy
anarchy [nrki]: ,
encroach: vt. ,
hegemony [himni, hmuni]: ,
viable: ()
legion(s) [ldn]: 1) ( ) 2) , = multitude
patrol [ptrul]: ,
raid(s): 1) n. , 2) vi. (cf. Some Indians raided on the settlers.)
orchestrate [rkstrit]: 1) 2)
mutiny(ies): ,
fringe(s):
trauma(s) [trum]: (cf. She felt exhausted after the traumas of recent weeks.)
ascension: ,
vie: vi. (cf. vie with another for power)
clamber: vi.
precarious: ,
mint: 1) n. (cf. the Mint: ) 2) vt.
ration(s): ,
rogue(s): 1) n. , 2) vt.

17

soongdora
bandit(s): , ,
demographic [dmgrfik]:
feudal [fjdl]: (cf. the feudal age: )

1144.. V
Vooccaabbuullaarryy (p. 118-127)
oscillate: vi. ,
sprinkler(s):
mist(s):
lavish:
devastation [dvstin]: ,
splotch: 1) n. , = stain 2) vi. ,
override: vt. , (cf. override a veto: )
eclipse(s): 1) (, ) 2) (cf. a lunar / solar eclipse)
poignant [pinjnt]: ,
acrid [krid]: , ,
immoderate [imdrit]: ,
abject: ,
constitutional [knsttjnl]: 1) , 2)
The German Chancellor: (cf. Chancellor: () , )
convoke: vt. (, )
volatile: , ,
straggle: vi. ()
subsidy(ies): () ,
abate: vt. () , () 2) vi. () (cf. The storm abated)
vacillate: ,
luminosity [lmnsti]:
maim: vt. (, )
enjoin [endin]: vt. ~
disjoint: vt. ,
disintegrate [disntigrit]: ,
solfege [slf]:
improvisation [imprvzin]:
Eurhythmics:
amalgamation [mlgmin]: () ,

18

soongdora
knack(s): ,
clear-cut: ,
subjugate: vt. ,
profuse: , ,
decease [diss]: 1) n. 2) vi.
clout: 1) , 2)
creed(s): , (cf. What is his political creed?)
delineate [dilniit]: ~
vessel(s): , ,
ventral: , (cf. dorsal: )
anterior [ntrir]: , (cf. anterior to ~)
proton: (cf. electron: )
affable [fbl]: ,
dispensable: ,
spurt: vi. , (cf. spurt up water very high)
predator(s): ,
hefty: ,
amiable [imibl]: ,
vulgar: ,
disreputable [disrpjtbl]:
oblong:
furrow(s): 1) 2) () (cf. have a hard furrow to plow: )
arousal: , ,
incessant [inssnt]:
imposing: 1) , 2) = impressive
kinetoscope(s):
affront [frnt]: 1) n. , 2) vt. , (cf. suffer an affront)
dissipate: vt. ,
incise: vt. ,
capsize: vt., vi. () ,
pound: vt. ,
aurora [rr]:
borealis:
austrails:
shimmer: 1) n. 2) vi.
shrivel: 1) = wrinkle 2) ,

19

soongdora
vagarious [vgris]: , ,
predicament [pridkmnt]: ,
promptitude [prmpttjd]: ,
consort: 1) n. (, ) 2) vi. ~ , (cf. consort with ~)
plague: 1) n. , 2) vt. ,
cosmology [kzmldi]:
acclaim: vt. ,
frivolous: ,
succinct:
expediency [ikspdinsi]: ,
shred(s): 1) , 2)
scrupulous [skrpjls]: 1) , 2) ,
recurrent: ,
inquisitive [inkwztiv]: ,
glacier:
thaw: vi. ()
granular [grnjlr]: ,
nv [neivi]:
firn [firn]: ( )
rayleigh wave [rili]:
viscous: ,
brittle:
crevasse(es) [krivs]: ,
meltwater: (, )
barren: , (cf. a barren woman: )
entrench: vt. , (cf. entrench oneself: )
dislocate: vt. ,
cripple(s): 1) n. , 2) vt. (cf. a crippled soldier)
prolong: vt. , = lengthen
sanction(s): 1) n. , 2) vt. ,
shun: vt. , = avoid (cf. shun society: )
swerve: vi. ,
presage(s): 1) n. , = omen 2) vt. ~
resume [rizm]: vt. () ,
replenish: vt. , ()
spectroscopy [spektrskpi]:

20

soongdora
seismic [sizmik]: , (cf. a seismic area: )
diffuse: vt. ,
Doppler effect [dplr]:
probe(s): 1) n. , 2) vi.
configuration(s): , , ,
permeate: vt. ,
flock(s): , = herd, drove, pack, flight, swarm, shoal
shatter: vt. ,
gist: (cf. can you give me the gist of what he said?)
rim(s): ,
typify: vt. ,
induce: vt. 1) , 2) ,
shrink: vt., vi. ,
swivel(s): 1) n. 2) vi. ,
slumber: vi. , = drowse, doze
vestige(s): ,

1155.. T
Tuunnddrraa
tundra [tndr, tndr]: ,
lichen(s) [likn]: () ,
encircle: vt. = surround
equatorial timberline [kwtril]:
alpine [lpain]:
latitude:
spruce [sprus]: 1) a. , 2) n. (, )
fir(s):
erosion: ,
windswept: ,
vegetation: ,
drift(s): 1) 2) (, ) , ,
lee: (cf. the )
ridge(s): ,
burrow(s): ,
nitrogen [nitrdn]:

21

soongdora
leech: 1) 2) (cf. stick like a leech: .)
manure [mnjr]: ,
fauna(s) [fn]: (cf. the / flora)
marmot(s): ()
den(s): ,
retreat(s): 1) n. , 2) vi. , , = retire
forage: 1) n. ( ) , 2) vi.
wintry: ,
camouflage [kmufl]: 1) n. , 2) vt., vi.
caribou(s) [krb]:
reindeer [rindr]:
dispersal: ,
patchy: 1) 2)
poke: () (cf. She poked her elbow into his ribs.)
stifle: vt. , (cf. Most of the victims were stifled by the fumes.)
carbon:
exacerbate [igzsrbit]: ,
permafrost:
bog(s): ,

1166.. B
Baarrooqquuee aanndd R
Rooccooccoo A
Arrtt
banal: , = commonplace
Renaissance [rnsns, rinisns]:
extravagant [ikstrvgnt]: 1) 2)
ostentatious [stentis]: ,
agitate: vt. ,
esoteric: = secret exoteric
monarchy [mnrki]:
outset: , (cf. at the outset of ~: ~ )
undercurrent(s) [ndrkrnt]: ,
playful: ,
cherub(s) [trb]: 1) 2) ()
antithesis [ntsis]: , = contrast
chandelier(s) [ndlr]:

22

soongdora
shellwork:
recoil: 1) n. ( ) , 2) vt. ,
conscientious [knins]:
incontrovertible: = indisputable
inconsequential [inknsikwnl]: ,

1177.. C
Ciicchhiillddss
array(ies): 1) vt. 2) n. , (cf. make an array: )
descend [disnd]: vt. ,
adaptive: , (cf. adaptive power: )
linger: vi. () ,
stagnant: ,
internecine [ntrnsin]: (cf. an internecine war: )
variegate [vrigit]: ,
anatomy: ,
pharyngeal [frndil]:
apparatus(es) [prits]: ,
agile [dl]: ()
sustenance [sstnns]: ,
morph: (, )
spade(s): 1) n. , 2) vt.
scraper(s): ,
tweezers: ,
pincher(s):
courtship: ( ) ,
entice: vt. ,
endemic:
perch(es): () = roost

1188.. O
Oppppoorrttuunniissttiicc aanndd C
Coom
mppeettiittiivvee O
Orrggaanniissm
mss
equilibrium(s) [kwlbrim]: ,
vitality [vaitlti]: ,

23

soongdora
precedence [prsdns]: ,
stature: 1) , 2) () , ,
thereafter: ,
vertebrate(s) [vrtbrit]:
squander(s): vt. (, ) = waste
larval: , (cf. larva: , / pl. larvae [lrvi])
pupa(s):
operculum [ouprkjlm]: ,
ovum: , (cf. pl. ova)
inseminate: vt. () , ()
abdomen [bdmn]: , ()
plague: ,
adversary(ies) [dvrsri]: ,
fleet: vi. (, ) ,
cinnamon [snmn]:
keystone: , (cf. Changes to the welfare system are the keystone of the
government's reforms.)
territorial [trtril]: ,

1199.. R
Reeffeerreennccee

(p. 150~157)

coenzyme(s):
luminescent [lmnsnt]:
patch(es): 1) n. 2) vt. ~
mackerel(s):
bivalve: 1) a. 2) n.
mollusk(s) [mlsk]:
clam(s):
calcareous [klkris]: ,
nacre(s) [nikr]:
clamshell(s):
luster: ,
archaeopteryx [rkiptriks]:
protrusion(s): ,
exclusive: , inclusive

24

soongdora
ornithology [rnldi]:
clavicle(s):
wishbone(s):
fowl(s):
devour: vt. ,
seductive [sidktiv]: ,
decompose: vt. (cf. The bacteria decomposed the impurities into a gas and
solids.)
perilous [prls]: ,
Deoxyribonucleic acid [diksribounjuklik]:
nucleic acid:
subsistence: ,
mesquite [meskt]:
aboriginal [brdnl]: ,
basketry: ,
tribal: ,
impairment(s): , ,
deception(s): ,
opulent [pjlnt]: ,
colossal [klsl]:
flaunt: vt. ,
sting: vt. , (cf. A bee stung my arm.)
blot: 1) n. , 2) vt. ,
cinder(s): ( ) , (cf. be burnt to a cinder)
mound(s): , , ,
blob(s): 1) n. ( ) 2) vt., vi. ~ = blot
pituitary [pitjtri]: ,
fecundity [fikndti]: ,
bedrock: () ,
aristocrat(s) [rstkrt]: ,
cannon(s):
recast: vt. ,
allegiance [ldns]: , (cf. pledge allegiance to ~: ~ )
congenial: ,
innocuous: ,
flair: () , ,

25

soongdora
underpin: vt. ~ , = support
Neolithic [noulik]: (cf. the Neolithic Age: )
Sumerian(s) [sumrin]:
metallurgy [mtlrdi, metlrdi] :
ductile [dktil]: () ,
Dionysus [diniss]:
intoxication: ,
recitation [rstin]: ,
choric: ,
reveler(s):
dithyramb(s) [drmb]:
Corinthian [krnin]:
shear: vt. 1) , 2) ~
sedulous: ,
unwitting: ,
soluble [sljbl]:
insofar: ~
sweetener(s):
starch: ,
ferment: 1) n. , 2) vt.
ethanol [nl]:
dispersion: ,
poise: vt.
fission: (cf. nuclear fission: )
herbalist(s): ,
ailment(s): , ,
dispel: vt. ,
retrieve: vt. 1) , 2) ()
relinquish: vt. (cf. relinquish hope)
trance: ,
vigil: , (cf. keep vigil: )
metaphysical:
wherein: ,
partaker: , ,
aesthetic [estik],: ,
sensuous:

26

soongdora
transact: 1) vt. ( ) 2) vi.
educe: vt. ( ) ,
upbraid: vt.
secular [skjlr]: ,
prone: ~ (cf. be prone to accidents: )
fresco:
tempera [tmpr]:
adhesive [dhsiv]:
plaster: , ,
microscopic: ,
berate: vt.

2200.. PPllaacceebboo E
Effffeecctt
persistent: , (cf. a persistent headache: )
pharmacology: ,
medicament [mdkmnt]: , ,
medical practitioner(s):
dole: vt. ()
vouch: vi. , (cf. vouch for a persons honesty)
unverified:
allot: vt. , = assign
discretionary [diskrnri]: ,
chemotherapy [kmourpi]:
retrospect [rtrspkt]: ,
indisposed: ~ , (cf. be indisposed to go)
breach(es): 1) , 2) ( )
malpractice suit(s):
informed consent(s):
placate: vt.

2211.. B
Blloooodd C
Ceellllss
dispose: 1) vt. 2) vi. , (cf. dispose of~)

27

soongdora
replenish: vt.
tube: vt. ~
spicule(s):
erythrocyte(s) [irrousit]:
biconcave [baiknkeiv]:
oxygenate: vt.
hemoglobin [himglubin]: ,
marrow:
spleen: ,
vascular [vskjlr]:
capillary(ies):
leukocyte(s) [lksit]:
thymus [ims]: , (cf. pl. thymi, thymuses)
phagocytosis [fgsaitusis]: , (cf. pl. phagocytoses)
granule(s):
phlegm [flem]: , = saliva [sliv]
expectorate [ikspktrit]: (, )

2222.. G
Grreeeenn G
Gllaacciieerrss
engulf: vt. ( )
aggregate: vt. vi. ,
interlock: vt. vi. ,
trickle: vi. . (cf. Water trickled down his raincoat.)
sedimentation:
ice shelf(ves):
contention: , (cf. in contention: )
glaciologist(s):
spectral: 1) , 2)
algae [lg]: (cf. algae [ldi]:
ergo:
chlorophyll [klrfl]:
unproven:
deduce: vt. ,

28

soongdora

2233.. E
Eccoonnoom
myy
instigation: , (cf. at the instigation of ~: ~ )
herald(s): 1) n. 2) vt. ,
contingent: 1) , 2) ~ (contingent on ~)
alimentary [lmntri]: ,
pastoralism [pstrlzm]:
susbsistence economy(ies):
agrarian [grrin]:
subsist: vi. ,
depletion: , , (cf. the depletion of fish stocks)
derogatory [dirgtri]: (, ) ,
juxtapose [dkstpuz]: ,
pecuniary: ,
demarcate: vt. ,
irrevocable:

24. Making Inference

(p. 182~191)

bounty(ies): 1) , 2) , ,
remonstrate [rimnstreit] v.: vi., vt. () ,
Lombard(s) [lmbrd]:
Sicilian(s) [sislin]: ,
susceptible: , ~
encephalitis [insflitis]:
canny: ,
empower: vt. ~
efface: vt. , (cf. efface some lines from a book)
ineluctable [nilktbl]: ,
incommode: vt.
supplant: vt. ,
divulge: vt. () , = reveal
cotton gin(s): ( )
coral:

29

soongdora
reef(s):
hermatypic [hrmtpik]: ,
polyp(s): ( )
oyster(s):
pictorial: ,
crude: ,
provocative [prvktiv]: , = irritating
bearable:
puncture: vt. , ~
spur: vt. ~
dip: vt. ,
throng(s): , (cf. a throng of ~)
antebellum [ntiblm]: postbellum
peddle: vt. , (cf. to peddle illegal drugs)
denunciation(s):
lurid: ~ ,
wail: vi. () , = weep
recede: vi. ,
apostasy [pstsi]: ,
bicker(s): 1) vi. 2) n. ,
crumble: vt. , ,
defrost: ~ ,
cloister(s): ,
sober: ,
molten: ,
fissure(s): ,
hydrothermal [hidrourml]:
quartz:
pan: vt. ()
foothill(s): ( )
plumb: ,
dreg(s): ,
crack(s): 1) vt. , 2) n.
declivity: ,
slab(s):
lactate: vi. ,

30

soongdora
hydrolytic:
endocrine [ndoukrain]:
molt: 1) vi. , 2) n. ,
procure: vt. ,
six-fold: , 6
snowflake(s): 1) 2)
accentuate: vt. ,
impinge: vi. , ~
judicious: ,
hilarity [hilrti]: ,
affinity(ies): 1) , 2) (cf. There is a close affinity between Italian and
Spanish.)
scowl(s): 1) vi. 2) n. ,
cascade(s): 1) n. 2) vi.
cram: vt. ,
annihilate: vt. , ,
sneer: vi. , (cf. He sneered at people who liked pop music.)
blend: vt. ,
infuriate: vt.
vanquish: vt. ~ ,
preoccupation: , ,
precept(s): ,
corroboration [krbrin]: ,
ponder: vi. (cf ponder on a difficulty: )

2255.. E
Eggyyppttiiaann A
Arrtt
millennial:
loincloth(s): ( )
linen [lnin]: ,
musculature [mskjltr]:
glean: vt., vi. . ()
mummification:
botanist [btnist]:
attentive: ,

31

soongdora
sagacity: ,
pharaoh [frou]: ( ) ,
mace(s): ,
emblematize [emblmtiz]: vt. , ~
adorn: vt. ,
scrupulous [skrpjls]: , ,
falcon(s) [flkn]:
hover [hvr]: vi. (, , )
unitary [jntri]: ,
homogeneous:
chronology: [krnldi]:
commoner(s): , ,
inexorable: ,

2266.. M
Maarrss
wax: vi. ,
ellipticity [ilptsti]:
plethora [plr]: ,
celestial body [slstl]:
spectroscope(s):
topography [toupgrfi]: ,
a spate of:
sentient:
hostile:
vegetation:
ice caps:
dormant volcano(es):
stark:
a far cry:
parch: vt.
expedition [kspdn]: ,
premature:
rover(s): ,
methane [mein]:

32

soongdora
extraterrestrial [kstrtirstril]:

2277.. A
Am
meerriiccaann Q
Quuiillttss
parlor(s):
quilting bee(s):
needlepoint work:
parsimonious: = stingy
batting: ()
odds and ends:
utilitarian [jutltrin]:
versatile:
popularize [ppjlriz]: ,
brocade(s): 1) n. , 2) vt.
herringbone:
snippet(s): , ,
intricate [ntrkit]: , = complicated
affluent:
denim [dnim]:
flannel [flnl]:

2288.. B
Biioollooggiiccaall C
Clloocckk
circadian [srkidin]: 24
dissect [diskt]:
visceral: 1) 2) (cf. She had a visceral dislike of all things foreign.)
diurnal: nocturnal: ,
basal: ,
aberrant [brnt]:
repercussion: ,
erratic [irtik]: ,
fruit fly(ies):
periodicity [pridsti]:
afflict: vt. = distress

33

soongdora

2299.. IInnffeerreennccee

p.214~223

Pueblo(s) [pwblou]:
deity(ies) [dti]:
veto(es):
moniker(s): , = nickname, alias [ilis]
legislature: ,
refrigerant(s) [rifrdrnt]: 1) a. , , 2) n. ,
splinter(s): 1) n. 2) vt., vi. ,
divinity(ies): ,
fillet(s): ,
unprecedented [nprsdntid]: ,
absurd [bsrd]: ,
immunity(ies): 1) (, ) 2)
hasten: vt. ,
itinerant [aitnrnt]: ,
indebt: vt. ~ ,
imprint: vt. 1) , 2) ~
sped: speed ,
connate [kneit, kneit]: ,
constellation(s) [knstlin]:
avocation(s) [voukin]: ,
funnel(s) [fnl]: ,
triangulate: vt.
detrimental [dtrmntl]: , (cf. detrimental to ~)
telegraph(s): ,
trail(s): 1) vt. 2) n. ,
obliterate [bltrit] vt. ( ) , = blot out
conjecture(s): ,
plumage: 1) 2)
outstrip: vt. , ~
vex: vt. ,
fetter(s): 1) n. , = shackle 2) vt. (cf. be fettered by convention)
rebuke: vt. ,

34

soongdora
mercantilism [mrkntilzm]: ,
vicious: ,
spiral: vt., vi. ,
radicalize: vt., vi. ,
invasive: ,
microbe(s): ,
prolific: () , (cf. animals that breed prolifically)
shard(s):
congress(es) [kgris, kgris]: ,
cognizance [kgnzns]: ,
commendation: ,
enrage: vt. , (cf. He was enraged to hear the news.)
rebuff: 1) n. , 2) vt. (cf. They rebuffed her request for help.)
impound: vt. 1) , 2)
covetous: ,
strenuous [strnjus]: , (cf. make strenuous efforst)
copious: ,
butcher(s):
scoundrel(s) [skundrl]: ,
riverbed(s):
similitude: ,
villain(s) [vln]: ,
imperil: vt. , = endanger
scrape: vt. ,
slip(s): 1) 2) ,
grate: 1) 2) = fireplace
dung: , , = manure, excrement [kskrmnt]
heaps(s): ,
fece(s) [fsiz]: ,
promulgation: ( ) ,
stench: = stink
sham(s): 1) a. , 2) n. ,
reproof(s): , ,
rattlesnake(s): 1) 2)
shed: vt. ~, (cf. shed light on~: ~ )
rattle: vi.

35

soongdora
protuberance: ,
adjoin: vt., vi. ~ (cf. The two houses adjoin.)
tatty: , ,
unsparing: , (cf. She is unsparing in her criticism.)
dilapidate: vt., vi. ,
pool: vt.
tribute(s): 1) , 2) , (cf. pay tribute to a ruler)
inscrutable: , = mysterious
ingenuous: ,
brimless: ,
scrap(s): ,
obelisk(s) [blsk]:
pit(s): ,
bison: (cf. pl. bison)
aurochs [rks]: () (cf. pl. aurocks)
feline(s) [flain]: ()
compel: vt. ,
premonition: ,
fleet(s): 1) n. , 2) vi. ()
impetuous: , = violent
capricious: = fickle
alienate: vt. , (cf. be alienated from ~: ~ )
dogmatic:
crumble: ,
broach: vt., vi. ~
secular [skjlr]: ,
glum: , = sullen
twit: vt. ,
bypass(es): 1) n. . 2) vt. ( ) ,
estrange: vt. ~
cagey: ,
spry: ,

3300.. SStteeaam
m PPoow
weerr

36

soongdora
exponential: ,
E. coli [kulai]:
reverberation(s): ,
thermal energy:
cylindrical:
toil: ,
churn out: vt.
dissemination: , ,
tinker: vt. ~
decentralize: vt. () ,
usurp: vt. (, )
ascension: ,
macro [mkrou]:
trailblazing: (cf. trailblazing scientific research)

3311.. SSppeecciieess
anoxic [noksik]:
anatomy [ntmi]: ,
alteration(s): ,
accredit: vt. ( ~) (cf. She is accredited with having first introduced
the word into the language.)
elongation(s):
mockingbird(s): ( )
flesh: vt. () ,
genome [noum]:

3322.. V
Viioolleennccee
vicious: ,
plenitude [plntjd]: , ,
predisposition: , (cf. a genetic predisposition to liver disease)
serotonin [srtunin]:
bipolar disorder:

37

soongdora
medication:
propensity: , (cf. propensity to consume: )
interdisciplinary [ntrdsplnri]:
neurophysiology:
incarcerate: vt. = imprision
hydroxide [haidrksaid]:
irritability [rtblti]:
abrupt: , (cf. an abrupt death: )
mitigating:
criminologist(s):

3333.. A
Am
meerriiccaann A
Arrtt aanndd L
Liitteerraattuurree
lingering: ,
encumber: vt. (cf. The business is encumbered with debt.)
instantaneous [nstntinis]: ,
newfound:
exemplum [igzmplm]: , , (cf. pl. exempla)
the Age of Enlightenment:
westward: ,
vibrant: ,
quintessence [kwintsns]: (cf. It was the quintessence of an English manor house.)
tenet(s) [tnt]: , = doctrine
Transcendentalism [trnsendntlzm]: () ,
affirm: vt. ,
archetypal: ,
awe: , (cf. a feeling of awe: )
deference: , , (cf. blind deference: )
apprentice [prntis]: 1) n. 2) vt. (cf. He was apprenticed to his uncle
as a carpenter.)
untapped:

3344.. IInnsseerrttiioonn

(p. 248~255)

38

soongdora
pollen: 1) n. , 2) vt. , = pollinate
viable: ( ) ,
ovary(ies): () , (, ) ,
ovule [uvjul]: () ,
gamete(s): ,
anther [nr]: () ,
stigma(s): 1) , 2) ()
acidic [sdik]:
sulfur:
dioxide [daiksaid]:
nitric [nitrik]: ,
metabolic [mtblik]: ,
hibernaculum [hibrnkjlm]: () , () (cf.
hibernacula)
arousal: ,
terse: ()
sumptuous: ,
retardation: ,
phenylalanine [fnllnn]:
spectacle(s): 1) 2) , (cf. The sunset was a stunning spectacle.)
prerogative(s) [prirgtiv]: , (cf. the prerogative of mercy: )
courtly: ,
lavish: , ,
regal: ,
recitative [rsttv]: ,
unadorned [ndrnd]: ,
aristocratic [rstkrtik]:
tease: vt. , ()
proscribe: vt. ,
intrigue: ,
abide: vi. , (cf. May joy and peace abide in us all.)
provoke: ( ) ,
deluxe [dlks]:
still: ,
saucer(s):
gutter(s): ,

39

soongdora
hydrochloric [hidrouklrik]:
vinegar:
acetic [stik]: ,
parietal [pritl]: 1) a. , 2) n.
segregate: vt. = isolate, separate
grumble: vt. , (cf. She's always grumbling to me)
offset: 1) vt. 2) n. , ,
ringtail(s):
wean: vt. 1) 2) (cf. The doctor tried to wean her off sleeping pills.)
woodland(s):
juniper(s) [dnpr]:
pygmy:
kin: , = relatives
attune: vt. ,
impoverish: vt. ,
domesticate [doumstkit]: ( ) ,
hamlet(s): ,
flex: vt. (, )
tubular [tjbjlr]: ,
emissary(ies): ,
antidote: (cf. There is no known antidote to the poison produced by the fish.)
diversion(s) [divrn]: ,
meddle: vi. ,
tame: ,
radiant: 1) , 2)
disperse: vt. ,
glucose:
Neptune:
Uranus [jrn, jurins]:
wispy:
kindle: vt. ~
falter: vi. , = stumble
delude: vt. ,
listless: ,
pecuniary: ,
lacquer ware [lkr]:

40

soongdora
jade:
orchid(s) [rkid]:
bamboo(s):
cypress(es) [sipris]:
miniaturist(s): ,
astound: vt.
insulate: vt. , = isolate
explicate [ksplkit]: vt. () (cf. How can we best explicate 'King Lear'?)
igneous: 1) , 2) () (cf. igneous rock: )
granite [grnit]:
basalt [bslt]:
obsidian [bsdin]:
excessive: (cf. excessive charges: )
egret(s) [grit]:
spoonbill(s):
enact: vt.
stuff: vt. ~ , ,
taper: vi. (cf. The pots are wide at the base and tapered at the top.)
insecticide(s):
pesticide(s):
clamor(s): 1) n. (= shout) 2) vi.
ensue: vi.
blunt: 1) a. , 2) vt. ,
indecent [indsnt]: , ,
extemporaneous: ,
meager: = poor, = thin, = scanty,
outcry: vt.
aftermath: 1) 2) ()
pageant(s): 1) 2)
declamation [dklmin]: ,
bestow [bistu]: vt. ,

3355.. G
Geeeessee
inhospitable: 1) 2)

41

soongdora
climatic fluctuation(s):
unerring [nri]: 1) , 2) ,
pre-wired:
emulate [mjlit]: vt. ,
skein(s) [skein]:
grueling:
rite:
pituitary gland(s) [pitjtri]:
herbivore(s) [hrbvr]:
exacting:
preponderance:
gosling(s) [gzli]: 1) 2)
arduous:
susceptible: , (cf. He's highly susceptible to flattery.)
nemesis [nmsis]: , (cf. pl. nemeses)
rampant: ,
urbanize: vt. ,
threshold(s): 1) , 2) , 3) , (cf. at the threshold of ~: ~
)
impediment(s) [impdmnt]:
taxing:
solstice [slstis]: () , (cf. summer solstice: , winter solstice: )
aerodynamic:
shear: vt. ( ) ,
brunt: (cf. bear the brunt of ~: ~ )
jaunt: vi. ,
subspecies: (cf. pl. subspecies)

3366.. SSoouunndd FFiillm

m
reel(s): ,
troupe(s): (, )
crave: vt. ,
celluloid [sljlid]: 1) 2) ()
spindle(s): 1) () , 2) ()

42

soongdora
parlor(s): ,
peephole(s):
phonograph(s) [fungrf]:
armature [rmtur]: 1) ( ) , 2)
mar: vt. ,
amplification: ,
patent(s): (cf. to apply for / obtain a patent on an invention)
condenser [kndnsr]: ,
crisp:
dub: vt. 1) = accolade [klid] 2)
fidelity: ,
usher: , (cf. The secretary ushered me into his office)

3377.. A
Aiirrppllaanneess
airborne: () ,
insurmountable:
counteract: vt. ~
hover [hvr]: vi.
rudderless: ,
dihedral [daihdrl]: ,
heron(s):
watershed(s): (cf. The middle decades of the 19th century marked a watershed in
Russia's history.)
bridle(s) [bridl]: ,
meticulous [mtkjls]: ,
aileron(s) [ilrn]:
spun: spin

3388.. SSoolluuttiioonn C
Caavveess
topography [toupgrfi]:
cavern(s):
abrasion [brin]: 1) () 2) ()

43

soongdora
karst:
rugged [rgid]: 1) 2)
ledge(s): 1) ( ) 2) ,
drainage: (cf. The area has good natural drainage.)
sinkhole(s):
Mammoth: ,
spelunker(s):
stagnate: vi. () , () ,
deteriorate: vt. ,
limestone: ,
impermeable: 1) , 2) ()
carbonate: vt. (cf. carbonated drinks: )
calcite [klsait]:
conduit(s) [kndjuit]: 1) , 2) ,
recede: vi. ,
erode: vt. vi. ,
hydraulic [haidrlik]: ,
hilly: ,
denudation: 1) , 2) () ,
chalk(s): 1) 2)
leech(es): 1) n. 2) vt. ~
stalactite(s) [stlktit]:
stalagmite(s) [stlgmait]:
conical:
contort: vt., vi. ,

3399.. SSuum
mm
maarryy

p.278~291

stellar: ,
supernova [sprnuv]: (cf. pl. supernovae)
plasma [plzm]:
inward: ,
dwarf(s):
thermonuclear:
expel [ikspl]: ,

44

soongdora
blast(s): ,
interstellar:
radical: ,
spew: vt., vi.
fluster: vt., vi. ,
nickelodeon(s) [nkludin]: 5
dingy: ,
land-grant:
tract(s): ,
sustenance: ,
hitherto [hrt]:
repeal: vt. ,
confer: vt. (, ) , ( )
formidable: , ,
mutiny(ies) [mjtni]: ,
repulse: vt. ,
nullify: vt. ,
Spaniard(s) [spnjrd]:
pox:
measle(s):
smallpox:
breed: vt. ()
negate: vt. , = deny
swipe: vt, vi. ,
dispatch: vt. ,
swap: vt.
flimsy: , , (, ) = weak
eerie [ri]: ,
phosphorous [fsfrs]: ,
insoluble: ,
combust: ()
dose(s): 1
pyrotechnics [piroutkniks]:
detergent(s): 1) a. 2) n. ,
adulterate: vt. ~
lucid: ,

45

soongdora
sanitation: (cf. A lack of clean water and sanitation were the main problems.)
tumult [tjmlt]: ,
prodigious [prdds]: , = vast, enormous
convocation(s): ,
eclipse: (, ) (cf. a solar eclipse: , a lunar eclipse: )
deprive: vt. (cf. They were imprisoned and deprived of their basic rights.)
onboard: ,
atomic [tmik]: , (cf. an atomic explosion: )
longitude [lndtjd]: ,
bearing: , = manner (cf. Regular exercise has a direct bearing on fitness and health.)
transitory [trnstri]: , ,
magnificent [mgnfsnt]: ,
sore: = painful
camouflage [kmufl]: () ,
wavy: , ,
intermix: vt., vi. ,
foliage [fuliid]:
smatter: 1) vt., vi. 2) n. (cf. He only has a smattering of French.)
cache(s): 1) n. 2) vt., vi. () = hide
confide: vt. ( ) , , (cf. He confided his secret to me.)
hassle(s): vi. , vt. ~ ,
afterward: , (cf. British English: afterwards)
futile: ,
Technicolor:
plethora [plr]: ,
affectation(s): ~
concord(s): (, )
dereliction(s): , , ()
counterplan(s): ,
retrospect [rtrspkt]: , (cf. in retrospect: )
predation: ,
thereof: ,
quack: vt., vi. ,
aspen:
lateral: ,
petiole(s) [ptiul]: ,

46

soongdora
breeze(s): ,
trichome(s) [trikoum]: ( )
stipules: ,
toxin [tksin]:
extraneous [ikstrinis]: ,
nectar: ,
pathogen: , (cf. the spread of pathogens by insects)
lipid: ()
swell: vi. ,
aggravate(s) [grvit]: ,
toil: , , (cf. after long toil)
steadfast: ,
sterile [stril]: ,
fend: vt. , (cf. She managed to fend off questions about new tax
increases.)
minstrel(s) [mnstrl]:
quill(s): ,
preparatory [priprtri]: ,
scribe(s): 1) n. , 2) vt., vi.
monk(s):
monastery [mnstri]:
papal [pipl]:
disseminate: () ,
oath(s): ,
exploit(s) [ksplit]: 1) , 2) ( ) , ,
stopgap(s): ,
rebellious: ,
abrogate [brgit]: ,
disposal: ,
congregate [kgrigit]: ,
alley(s): ,
dissipate: vt. ,
plugger(s): ,
clientele [klintl]: ,
loafer(s) [lufr]: 1) 2)
tricky: ,

47

soongdora
dogmatic:

4400.. T
Thhee PPoottllaattcchh
ceremonial [srmunil]: ,
in lieu of [lu]: ~
equitable [kwtbl]: ,
sole [soul]: ,
seal(s): ,
ornate [rnit]: ,
heirloom(s): (cf. a family heirloom)
bequeath: vt. () , ()
purge: vt. (, ) (cf. Nothing could purge the guilt from her mind.)
cumbersome: , ,
cathartic [krtik]: 1) () 2)

4411.. H
Heeaatt IIssllaannddss
desolate: , = bleak (cf. a bleak and desolate landscape)
isotherm [isrm]:
strain: vt. , ,
outlying: ,
delve: vt., vi. , (, )
albedo(s) [lbdou]: ( )
asphalt [sflt]: (cf. an asphalt pavement: )
rooftop(s): 1) n. , 2) a. ,
terracotta [trkt]:
determinant(s): 1) n. 2) a. ,
deciduous [disdus]: ,
shrub(s): (cf. a shrub zone: )
evapotranspiration [ivpoutrnsprin]: ( )

48

soongdora

4422.. SSyym
mbbiioossiiss
vested: (, )
perish: vi. , (cf. A family of four perished in the fire.)
divergent: , convergent
hygiene [hiin]: ,
fixation: ,
legume(s) [lgjum]:
harbor: vt. () , ( )
ammonia [munj]:
bulk: , ,
scavenger(s): 1) 2)
canopy(ies):
Epiphyte(s) [pfit]:
perch: () , (cf. pl. perch)
parasitic [prstik]: ,
hookworm:
hijack [hik]: vt. ( )
liberate: vt. ,
exotoxin [ksoutksin]:
diphtheria [difri]:
irreparable [irprbl]: ,
inflame(s): vt. ~
biosphere:

4433.. T
Thhee C
Chhiiccaaggoo SScchhooooll ooff T
Thhoouugghhtt
en masse [enms, ms]:
petty: , = narrow-minded
predecessor(s) [prdissr]: = successor
tabula rasa [tbjlrz]: , ,
akin: , , (cf. be akin to~: ~ )
tenement(s): , ,
municipal: , , (cf. a municipal corporation: )
emblematic [mblmtik]: , (cf. The violence is emblematic of what is

49

soongdora
happening in our inner cities.)

4444.. C
Caatteeggoorryy C
Chhaarrtt

p.314~329

fungus: , (cf. pl. fungi [fndai])

litter: vt. 1) (, ) 2) 3)
hoard: 1) n. , 2) vt., vi. ,
sinister: ,
incline: vt. 1) , 2) (cf. be inclined to do)
uncanny: , ,
sprig(s): ,
prudery:
gemstone:
jadeite [didait]: ,
nephrite [nfrait]:
aggregate [grigit]: vt., vi. ,
silicate [slikit]:
chromium [krumim]:
manganese [mgnz]:
luster: , (cf. shed luster on~: ~ )
glassy: ,
wayward [wiwrd]: ,
trinket(s):
relish(es) [rli]: ,
burly: ,
gleam: 1) n. 2) vi. ,
yarn(s): 1) n. , 2) vt.
interlace: vt. ,
tapestry [tpistri]:
weft: ,
warp: ,
flax:
knit: vt. ,
interlock: vt., vi. ,
purl: vt., vi. ,

50

soongdora
garter: vt.
stockinet [stknt]:
pastime(s): , ,
hiatus(es): () (cf. After a five-month hiatus, the talks resumed.)
insolent: , ,
ominous [mns]: ,
arachnid(s) [rknid]:
amphibian(s):
freak(s): , ,
mute: ,
pare: vt. (cf. peel: )
validate: vt. ()
credence [krdns]:
standpoint(s): ,
negligence [nglins]: ,
obedient [oubdint]: , (cf. be obedient to ~: ~ )
harpsichord [hrpsikrd]: 16~18
pluck: 1) vt. , 2) n. ,
striking: ,
pension(s): (cf. live on a pension)
antithesis: , = contrast
omnipresent [mnprznt]: ,
circuit(s): ,
unscrew: vt. ~
ohm [oum]: ( )
pant: vi. ,
intersect: vt. , ~
conquistador(s) [knkwstdr]: = conqueror
slaughter: , = butchering, massacre
foremost [frmust]: ,
Haiti [hiti]:
infliction(s): (, ) ,
feud(s) [fjud]: ,
outweigh: ~ , ~
deity(ies): , ,
gouache [gw]:

51

soongdora
mammalian:
grasp: vt. ,
cozy: ,
whip: vt. ,
coeval: ,
embellish [imbli]: vt. ,
condone [kndun]: ,
shield: vt. , = protect
cleave: vt. ,
spiral [spirl]: ,
funnel(s): 1) n. 2) vt.
gust(s): ,
fearsome: ,
caliber [klbr]: 1) , 2) () , ,
perennial [prnil]:
blink: vi. , = wink
infirm: ,
patch(es):
repugnance: ,
overriding: ,
ingenuity: ,
abominate: vt. ,
injunction(s): , , ()
trance(s): (cf. to go / fall into a trance)
clinch: vt. , ,
inauspicious: ,
ailing: , (cf. What is ailing you?)
fruition: , (cf. come to fruition: ( ) )
sublime: ,
tremolo(s) [trmlu]:
pizzicato [ptsiktou]: ( )
augment: vt. ,
diatonic [ditnik]:
tonality [tounlti]: () , ()
imitative [mtitiv]:
counterpoint: ,

52

soongdora
homophonic [hmfnik]:
percussion(s): ,
aggrandize: vt. ~
motif: , ,
oppress: vt. ,
bias: , (cf. Employers must consider all candidates impartially and without bias.)
solace [sls]: ,
reiterate [ritrit]: vt. ,
digress: vi. , (cf. After several digressions, he finally got to the point.)

4455.. A
Aggee D
Deetteerrm
miinnaattiioonn
decay [diki]: vt. ,
isotope(s) [istup]:
degenerate [didnrit]: ,
igneous [gnis]: ,
metamorphic [mtmrfik]: , (cf. metamorphic rock: )
sub-discipline [sbdsplin]:
Proterozoic [prtrzuik]: ,
Paleozoic [pilizuik]:
overlay: vt. ~ , ~
superposition: , ,

4466.. M
Meessooppoottaam
miiaann aanndd E
Eggyyppttiiaann C
Ciivviilliizzaattiioonnss
floodplain(s):
the Tigris [tigris]:
the Euphrates [jufritiz]:
the Crescent [krsnt]: ,
agrarian [grrin]: ,
Neolithic [noulik]:
cradle: 1) 2) () (cf. Greece, the cradle of Western civilization)
unanimous [junnms]:
subservient: (cf. his subservience to his brother)

53

soongdora
tempestuous [tempstus]: ,
tenuous: ,
delineate: vt. ~
the Code of Hammurabi [hmurbi]:
humankind: ,
obligate: vt. ~
Horus [hrs]:
apex [ipeks]: ,

4477.. PPaarraassiittiicc PPllaannttss

vampire(s):
epiphyte(s) [pfit]:
hemiparasite(s):
tack: vt.
xylem [zilm]:
phloem [fluem]: ,
extort [ikstrt]: vt. (cf. The gang extorted money from over 30 local businesses.)
chlorophyll [klrfl]:
bandit(s): ,
genus [ns]: , (cf. pl. genera)
stratagem [strtdm]: ,
mistletoe [msltu]:
excrete [ikskrt]: vt. ,
malevolent [mlvlnt]: ,
unleash: vt. ~ ,
behemoth [bihm]:
overindulgence: ,
ravage: 1) n. , 2) vt. ,
corpse(s): ,
stealth: (cf. by stealth: )
husk(s):

54

soongdora

4488.. D
Deevveellooppm
meenntt ooff SSttaattee
chiefdom(s): chief
primordial [praimrdil]: ,
clan(s): ,
parochial [prukil]: ,
circumvent: vt. , ()
institutionalize: vt. ,
reciprocate [risprkit]: vt. ,
peasant(s) [pznt]: ,
animosity [nmsti]: , (cf. He felt no animosity towards his critics)
renewal(s): ,
bureaucratic [bjrkrtik]:

55