Objectives:

*to become physically acquainted with different types of resistors

*to become familiar with DMM
*to learn how to connect a resistor to the bread board
*to verify single resistance that is equivalent to group of R
connected in S , in P, and S/P
*to be familiar with test instruments to measure R,V, and I

Equipments :
*DMM
*Bread board
*Resistors
*Wire

Contents :
*Resistor color code
*Measurements of resistance
*Concept of Eq. circuit

Theory :
*in series R= R1+R2 (from V=V1+V2 then I*R=I*R1+I*R2 the
same I)
*in parallel R= (R1*R2)/(R1 +R2) (from I=I1+I2 then V/R=V/R1
+ V/R2 the same V )
*Percentage Error (PE)=|NV-MV| / NV *100%
Where: NV: nominated value
MV: measured value

Table 1:
Resisto
r

Color code

NV
(ohm)

MV
(ohm)

PE %

red-red-red-gold

2200+- 5%

2240

1.8

blue-gray- brown -gold

680+- 5%

672

1.1%

Yellow-violet-red-gold

4700+- 5%

4680

0.42%

Green-brown-red-gold

5100+-5%

5090

0.19%

Green- blue brown- gold

560+-5%

554

1.07%

4
5

Calculations of table1:
PE1= |2200-2240| /2200 *100% =1.8%
PE2= |680-672| /680 *100% =1.1%
PE3=|4700-4680| /4700 *100% =0.42%
PE4= |5100-5090| /5100 *100% =0.19%
PE5= |560-554| /560 *100% =1.07%

" Note : R4&5 instead resistance =5600 "

Exp. Cicrcuits:
R1
2.2K

R2
0.68K

*By DMM: Req=2.93k

*Calculated Req= R1+R2= 2.2k+0.68k= 2.88k
*PE1=2|.88-2.93|/2.88*100%=1.7

R1
2.2K

R2
0.68K

*By DMM: Req= 0.51k

*Calculated 1/Req= 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1/2.2k + 1/0.68k =
1.925*10^-3

Req= 0.52 k

*PE2=|0.52-0.51|/0.52*100%= 1.9%

R1
2.2k
R2
0.68k

R3
4.7k

R5
0.56k

R4
5.1k

By DMM: Req= 3.06k*

calculated : 1/R12= 1/R1+1/R2= 1/2.2k*
+1/0.68k=1.9 k
R12= 0.52k
R45= 5.66k
R3 & R45 =(R45*R3)/ (R45+R3)= 2.5k
R12 & R3 &R45 = 3.08k
% PE3=|3.06-3.08|/3.06*100%=0.6

R3
4.7k

R2
0.68k

R1
2.2k

R5
0.56k

By DMM: Req = 0.43k *

calculated: 1/Req = 1/2.2k +*
1/0.68k + 1/4.7k + 1/
(5.1k+0.56)k=0.432k
PE4=|0.4320.43|/0.432*100%=0.046%

R4
5.1k

R4
5.1k

R1
2.2k

R5
0.56k

R2
0.68k

R3
4.7k

By DMM: Req = 1.23 k*

calculated : 1/R14 = 1/R1 + 1/(R4+R5) = 1/2.2k + 1/*
(5.1+0.56)k
1.58k =
R2&R3=0.68k+4.7k=5.38k
R(1,2,3,4,5)=1/R134+1/R23=1/1.58+1/5.38=1.22k
PE5=|1.22-1.23|/1.22*100%=0.8%

R1
2.2k

R2
0.68k

R3
4.7k

R5
0.56k

R4
5.1k

R6
1k

By DMM: Req = 3.11 k*

calculated: 1/R13 = 1/2.2k + 1/4.7k*
R13= 1.499 k
R245 = 1/0.68k + 1/(5.1+0.56)k /1
R245 =0.6k
R(123456)= 14.99 +0.6 +1= 3.099 k
PE= |3.099-3.11|/3.099*100 =0.035%

:Conclusion
The difference between NV & MV is due to theuncertainty in measuring or calculating the resistors
. by colors

For any circuit we can get Req by either the color .method or measuring by the ohmmeter

:Questions
R2
9.1M

+
-

R1
4.7M

Vs1
5V

I= V/Req =5/(4.7+9.1)= 0.36*10^6 A

VR1 = 0.36*10^-6 * 4.7*10^6= 1.692V
VR2 =0.36 *10^6 * 9.1*10 ^-6 =3.271 V
PR1= V*I= 1.9* 0.36* 10^6= 0.609* 10^6W
PR2 = 0.36 * 10^6*3.271= 1.177 * 10^6W
PVs = 5*0.36 * 10^6= 1.8* 10^6 W

:Q2
R=680
P=1/8W
P=I^2*R
I^2 680=1/8
I=((1/(8*680))=0.0135
:Q3
R=470
V=I0 V
P=V^2/R
2/470^10=

W 2..0=