The Steps of Mitosis

Mitosis is the process by which eukaryotic cells replicate, splitting their chromosomes into two identical sets. This process requires 5 main steps: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Interphase: during this phase, the cell produces extra mitochondria and other organelles in preparation for division. Prophase: during this phase, all of the DNA in the cell is replicated, forming an extra copy of each chromosome. Metaphase: the newly replicated chromosomes align at the middle of the cell, and kinetochore microtubules begin pulling them apart. Anaphase: The chromosomes split into sister chromatids so that each cell has a complete copy of the entire chromosome. Telophase: The two cells split apart, and the mitosis process is complete.

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The Steps of Meiosis

Meiosis is the process by which sexual reproduction cells are produced (such as eggs and sperm in humans). The process produces gametes, which are haploid cells that contain of the DNA needed for a organism. In the process:
Meosis I: During this process, chromosomes are separated, and split into their haploid form. All chromosomes are 2N, meaning they have two copies of each gene. After meiosis, they become N, having just one copy. Prophase I: DNA is exchanged between homologous chromosomes through recombination, and the exchange is where genetic variation comes about. Metaphase I: The separated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, and are connected to and pulled apart by kinetochore microtubles. Anaphase and Telophase: The cells split to form two new daughter cells.

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