qveyana `kavkasia~ gv. 14 saokupacio komunikacia gv. 33 rusuli `mkvdari maryuJi~ gv. 31 nobelianti ekonomisti saqarTveloSi gv.

34 iaraRi opoziciis winaaRmdeg gv. 36 VS - hidroeleqtrosadguri onSi gv. 08 arc omi, arc mSvidoba - inguSeTi gv. 18 iuneskos signali saqarTvelos gv. 42 didi depresia gv. 45

# 5 / 15 - 28 ivlisi / 2009

fasi 2.80 lari

Cven da ruseTi

gv. 10

radio `ucnobi~ warmogidgenT dilis gadacemas

`dila mSvidobisa~

nata asaTianTan da vaxo xviCiasTan erTad yovel samuSao dRes, dilis 9:00 dan 11:00 saaTamde.

politikuri Temebi saintereso mosazrebebi magari simRerebi

mxiaruli saubrebi SMS gamokiTxvebi

usmineT da miiReT gadacemaSi monawileoba SMS nomeri: 9800 Skype ID: ucnobidila

www.ucnobifm.ge

tbsDfwj
24

04 mokled 06 vrclad 08 ori azri

unda aSendes Tu ara onis hidroeleqtrosadguri
garekanze: obamas da medvedevis Sexvedra moskovSi, 2009
foto REUTERS / jeison ridi

20/irani arCevnebis Semdeg arCevani - Cven!

24 saqarTvelo
mahmadiani mesxebi gza samSoblosken 26/samcxe-javaxeTi bolo gaCereba

31/`ruseTis rkinigzis~ politikuri SenaZeni rusuli `mkvdari maryuJi~ 33/rusuli kapitali afxazeTSi saokupacio komunikacia 34/nobelianti robert mandeli saqarTveloSi qarTuli lari, msoflio krizisi da nobelis premia

marika valiSvili v.s. nino CxobaZe

10 politika
obama moskovSi Cven da ruseTi

28 konfliqtebi
afxazeTi brZola afxazeTis prezidentobisTvis

14 mezoblebi
samxreT kavkasiis regionuli usafrTxoeba qveyana `kavkasia~ 18/CrdiloeT kavkasia inguSeTi arc omi, arc mSvidoba

30 ekonomika
ruseTi da msoflio savaWro organizacia sami erTze

36 adamianis uflebebisamarTali
politikuri dapatimrebebi iaraRi opoziciis winaaRmdeg
1

Jurnali `liberali~ gamoicema fond `Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelos~ mxardaWeriT.

liberali ivlisi #5 2009

38/ adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg 40/ Tvalsazrisi diskomfortis SigniTa mxares

42 sazogadoeba
iuneskos daskvna iuneskos signali saqarTvelos 44/ Tvalsazrisi Ciorebis kanonproeqti 45/ janmrTeloba da finansuri krizisi didi depresia 47/ wignebi agora - Zveli berZnuli viagra 48/ interviu kompromisi moklevadiani da saSualovadiani amocanebis gadasawyvetad
interviu daviT usufaSvilTan

10
34

18

42
gamomcemeli Sps `liberali~. misamarTi: Tbilisi 0162, faliaSvilis q. 108. tel.: (995 32) 232235, 233731, 912326. el-fosta: info@liberali.ge dabeWdilia: stamba Sps `sezani~. misamarTi: Tbilisi, wereTlis gamz. 140. tel.: (995 32) 35 70 02. sxva gamocemebi: `cxeli Sokoladi~, `cxeli Sokoladi _ literatura~, `biznesi: adamianebi, meTodebi, strategiebi~. `liberalis~ saavtoro uflebebi daculia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis nawilobrivi da/an mTliani gamoyeneba redaqciis Tanxmobis gareSe akrZalulia. ISSN 1987-7528

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sfebrdjb

tiraJi: 5000 cali. gamodis or kviraSi erTxel. pirveli nomeri gamocemulia 2009 wlis maisSi. rekomendebuli sacalo fasi 2,80 lari.

redaqtorebi: mTavari redaqtori Sorena SaverdaSvili /aRmasrulebeli redaqtori nino jafiaSvili sazogadoeba Tamar babuaZe / politika da saerTaSoriso ambebi sofo Waava / saqarTvelo da konfliqtebi sofo bukia / adamianis uflebebi da samarTali nino beqiSvili / kavkasia margarita axvlediani / axali ambebi naTia axalaSvili redaqcia: art-redaqtori manana arabuli / foto-redaqtori levan xerxeuliZe / grafikuli dizaini Tornike lorTqifaniZe / redaqtor-stilisti nino svaniZe / koreqtori nino saiTiZe administracia: proeqtis menejeri qeTi babunaSvili / proeqtis menejeris asistenti lela SubiTiZe / biznesis ganviTarebis menejeri giorgi kopaleiSvili / reklamis da gayidvebis menejeri nestan avaliani / IT menejeri Tornike lorTqifaniZe / ofisis administratori eTuna inwkirveli / distributori zviad Sengelia

liberali ivlisi #5 2009

mokled / naTia axalaSvili

didi rvianis samiti

miwisZvriT dazaralebul italiis qalaq aqvilaSi `didi rvianis~ samdRian samitze ekonomikur krizisze, saerTaSoriso politikis aqtualur sakiTxebsa da klimatis cvlilebebTan dakavSirebul problemebze imsjeles. rvianis Sexvedris Temebi iyo: siRaribis daZleva, klimatis cvlilebebi, axlo aRmosavleTSi situaciis daregulireba, ekonomikuri zrdis wyaroebis moZieba, da iranisa da CrdiloeT koreis birTvuli programa. samitis farglebSi ganviTarebadi qveynebisTvis 10-15 miliardi dolaris daxmarebis gamoyofa igegmeboda, Tumca barak obamam qveynebis liderebs gadawyvetileba Seacvlevina da Tanxa 20 miliardamde gaizarda. amis Taobaze samitze qveynebis warmomadgenlebma erToblivi deklaracia miiRes _ `aqvilas sasursaTo usafrTxoebis iniciativa~. samdRiani samitis farglebSi sul Svidi dokumenti miiRes.o

britaneli deputatebi ruseTis mimarT mkacr politikas iTxoven

britaneTis parlamentis TemTa palatis Tavdacvis komitetis moxseneba `ruseTi: axali konfrontacia?~ mouwodebs gaerTianebul samefos xelisuflebas da nato-s wevr sxva saxelmwifoebs, ufro mkacri midgoma gamoiCinon ruseTis mimarT. moxseneba exeba nato-s urTierTobebs ruseTTan, agvistos oms, energo da globaluri usafrTxoebis sakiTxebs. moxsenebis avtorebi aRniSnaven, rom moskovTan sxvadasxva sferoSi TanamSromloba aucilebelia, Tumca es ar niSnavs imas, rom dasavleTma Tvali unda daxuWos ruseTis mcdelobaze, `Seqmnas gavlenis garkveuli sferoebi~. moxsenebis erT-erT TavSi laparakia agvistos omis mizezebze. kvleva efuZneba saqarTvelosa da ruseTis xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis Cvenebebs da interviuebs. `Tavisi qmedebebiT ruseTi wlebis ganmavlobaSi axdenda saqarTvelos provocire4

kvleva efuZneba saqarTvelosa da ruseTis xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis Cvenebebs da interviuebs.

bas. ruseTis provokacia iyo separatizmis gaRviveba; saqarTvelos separatistul regionebSi [rusuli] pasportebis darigeba; konfliqtur regionebSi samxedro Zalebis gazrda~, _ naTqvamia moxsenebaSi. aqve aRniSnulia, rom `7 agvistos cxinvalze Setevis dawyebis Sesaxeb prezident saakaSvilis gadawyvetileba politikurad windauxedavi nabiji iyo~. moxsenebaSi naTqvamia, rom saqarTvelos teritoriis siRrmeSi SesvliT, infrastruqturis ganadgurebiT, samoqalaqo pirebisTvis safrTxis SeqmniT, eTnikuri wmendiTa da sxva amgvari qmedebebiT ruseTma mniSvnelovnad gadaaWarba raime tipis samSvidobo mandats. aseve aRniSnulia, rom ruseTi ar asrulebs 12 agvistos da 8 seqtembris cecxlis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebiT nakisr valdebulebebs. o

foto Temo barZimaSvili

arqeologiur gaTxrebze uZvelesi disko aRmoaCines

igoeTTan mimdinare arqeologiur gaTxrebze Zv.w. IV saukuniT daTariRebuli oqros disko aRmoaCines. Zv.w. VIII-I aTaswleulebis namosaxlarisa da samarovanis gaTxrebze napovni disko koncentruli wreebiTa da mcenareebis ornamentebiTaa Semkuli. teqnologiuri niSnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, oqros firfita adgilobrivi nawarmia. arqeologiuri gaTxrebi mimdinareobs Tbilisi-senaki-leseliZis gzatkecilis reabilitaciis igoeTis monakveTze da ukve erTi welia, grZeldeba. o
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

xuTwliani SeTanxmebis ratificireba

afxazeTis de-faqto parlamentma e.w. saxelmwifo sazRvris ruseTTan erTad gakontrolebis SeTanxmebis ratificireba moaxdina. SeTanxmebis damtkicebas mxari 30-dan 27-ma deputatma dauWira, samma Tavi Seikava. SeTanxmebebs e.w. saxelmwifo sazRvrebis erToblivad gakontrolebis Sesaxeb ruseTis prezidentma dimitri medvedevma soxumisa da cxinvalis reJimebis liderebTan kremlSi 30 aprils moawera xeli. xuTwliani vadiT gaformebul SeTanxmebebSi naTqvamia, rom erToblivi RonisZiebebi mesame mxaris winaaRmdeg ar aris mimarTuli. o

foto REUTERS / iumit bektasi

`maestrom~ satelituri mauwyeblobis licenzia miiRo

komunikaciis maregulirebeli erovnuli komisiis gadawyvetilebiT, studia `maestrom~ satelituri mauwyeblobis licenzia 10-wliani vadiT moipova. telekompaniis generaluri direqtoris mamuka Rlontis TqmiT, `maestro~ satelitur mauwyeblobas, savaraudod, pirveli oqtombridan daiwyebs. misi TqmiT, komunikaciebis maregulirebel komisias aranairi mizezi ar hqonda imisTvis, rom telekompaniisTvis licenziis miniWebaze uari eTqva. `maestro~ am droisaTvis Tbilissa da TelavSi mauwyeblobs. o
foto Temo barZimaSvili

ruseTis sagamoZiebo komitetis daskvna

ruseTis federaciis prokuraturasTan arsebuli sagamoZiebo komitetis Tavmjdomaris, aleqsandr bastrikinis TqmiT, komitetma 2008 wlis agvistos movlenebis gamoZieba faqtobrivad daasrula. bastrikini acxadebs, rom gamoZiebam e.w. samxreT oseTis mSvidobiani moqalaqeebis mimarT genocidisa da mkvlelobebis damamtkicebeli masalebi Seagrova da agresiis dawyebaSi qarTuli armiis sardlobas dasdo brali. dokumentalurad dadgenilia qarTuli armiis samxedro mosamsaxureebis, samxedro sardlebisa da brigadebis generlebis danaSauli. jerjerobiT ar gvaqvs qarTuli armiis mTavarsardlis pirdapiri brZanebis Sesaxeb informacia. Tumca, Semdgomi gamoZiebisas yvelafers gavakeTebT, rom samarTaldamcvel organoebTan erTad es brZaneba movipovoT, _ ganacxada bastrikinma. o 5

liberali ivlisi #5 2009

vrclad
ratom vixdiT mricxvelis safasurs? gazis dazianebul mricxvels uaxloes erT TveSi Tu gamocvliT, jarimas Tavidan aicilebT. Tumca, axali mricxvelis safasuris gadaxda mainc mogiwevT.
rusudan fanoziSvili

saqarTvelos energetikisa da wyalmomaragebis maregulirebeli erovnuli komisiis (`semeki~) 9 ivlisis dadgenilebiT, ZalaSi Seva axali wesi, romlis mixedviTac, gazis mricxveli Tu momxmareblis mier ganzrax ar aris dazianebuli, misi gamocvlis xarjebs `yaztransgaz Tbilisi~ gadaixdis. ramdenimewliani davis Semdeg es gadawyvetileba mosaxleobasa da `yaztransgazis~ ufleba-movaleobebs mkveTrad gamijnavs. aqamde konkretulad arsad iyo miTiTebuli, ra SemTxvevaSi ekisrebodaT momxmareblebs im axali mricxvelebisTvis safasuris gadaxda, romelTa damontaJebasac maT `yaztransgazi~ sTxovda. amitom gazis mimwodebel kompanias saSualeba hqonda, mricxvelebis safasuri momxmareblebisTvis kanonis daurRvevlad gadaexdevinebina. gazis mricxvelebis sakiTxi aqtualuri gaxda 2006 wlidan, `yaztransgazis~
6

Tbilisis energobazarze SemosvlisTanave. iqamde mosaxleobisTvis gazis miwodebas `Tbilgazi~ uzrunvelyofda, gazis mricxvelebsa da maTi muSaobis xarisxze ki gansakuTrebuli kontroli ar iyo dawesebuli. momxmareblebs SeeZloT, nebismieri firmis mricxveli daeyenebinaT. amitomac dRes mosaxleobas sxvadasxva qveynidan Semotanili sxvadasxva firmisa da xarisxis mricxvelebi (Cinuri, polonuri da a.S) aqvs damontaJebuli. am mricxvelebis aRwera daaxloebiT erTi wlis win daiwyo. maSin `yaztransgazis~ mier mricxvelebis Semowmeba ZiriTad SemTxvevebSi imiT mTavrdeboda, rom momxmarebels mricxvelis Secvlas sTxovdnen, danadgars uxsnidnen da mosaxleoba axali mricxvelis SeZenamde gazmomaragebis gareSe rCeboda. es kampania 2008 wlis dekemberSi `semekis~ dadgenilebam Seaferxa da `yaztransgazs~ mricxvelebis Secvlis procesis ramdenime TviT SeCereba mosTxova. mricxvelebis Secvla 2009 wlis aprilSi saxelmwifos mier `yaztransgazisTvis~ axlad daniSnulma droebiTma mmarTvelobam ganaaxla. `yaztransgazis~ warmomadgenlebi TbilisSi axla yvela mricxvels amowmeben. Tu dadginda, rom mricxveli momxmareblis mier aris dazianebuli, maSin mas axali mricxvelis yidva ekisreba. kompania ki momxmareblis Sesaxeb samarTaldarRvevis aqts wers da saqme gansaxil-

velad sasamarTlos gadaecema. individualur momxmarebelze jarima pirvel jerze 600 laria, Semedeg _ 1200. iuridiul pirze ki jarima 5 000 lars Seadgens. Tumca, axlaxan gazis mricxvelebis Secvlis procesze erTTviani moratoriumi gamocxadda. 10 ivlisidan 10 agvistomde aravin dajarimdeba, 10 agvistos Semdeg ki jarimebi isev amoqmeddeba. momxmareblebi mricxvelis safasuris gadaxdas sakuTari uflebebis darRvevad miiCneven. es darRvevaa energomomxmarebelTa interesebis damcvelisTvisac. malxaz wiwikaSvili argumentad samoqalaqo kodeqsis dadgenilebas asaxelebs, romlis mixedviTac, gasazomi xelsawyoebis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi, misi xarjebis anazRaureba kompanias unda daekisros. eWvis safuZvels iZleva isic, rom `yaztransgazis~ warmomadgenlebi, mricxvelis gamocvlis moTxovnis paralelurad, mosaxleobas TviTonve sTavazoben saTanado mricxvelebis dayenebas; xolo zogierT SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobas miuTiTeben, Tu romel konkretul adgilas da romeli firmis mricxveli unda iyidon. diRmis masivSi mcxovreb irina biZinaSvils `yaztransgazis~ warmomadgenlebma mricxvelis yidva eliavas bazrobaze, erT-erT jixurSi 110 larad SesTavazes. `mogvianebiT ki dagvirekes da SemogvTavazes sxva mricxvelis damontaJeba 125 larad. Tumca Cven ukve nayidi gvqonda avstriuli mricxveli~, _
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

foto elene asaTiani

acxadebs biZinaSvili. `yaztransgazSi~ amas imiT xsnian, rom surT, mosaxleobas xarisxiani aparatura dauyenon, cdomileba rom gamoiricxos. cdomileba ki mricxvelebze marTlac sxvadasxvagvarad aisaxeba. Tu mwyobridan gamosuli gazis mricxvelebis umravlesoba naklebs werda, pensioner anzor siguas mricxvels sxvagvari dazianeba aRmouCines: laboratoriuli daskvnis safuZvelze, mricxveli zedmets aRricxavda. Tumca `yaztransgazSi~ axali mricxvelis yidva mainc mas mosTxoves. mricxvelis sakuTari xarjebiT gamocvla momxmarebels im SemTxvevaSi evaleba, Tu dadginda, rom is specialuri Carevis gamo dazianda. siguas gancxadebiT ki, laboratoriul daskvnaSi msgavsi araferi ewera. 2007 wels siguam sasamarTlos mimarTa, Tumca, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiTac, axali mricxvelis safasuris gadaxda mas daekisra. mricxvelTan dakavSirebuli gaurkvevlobis gamo, 10 Tvis ganmavlobaSi anzor siguas saxlSi gazi saerTod ar hqonda. bolos isev TviTon iyida 125-lariani axali mricxveli da daamontaJebina. mosaxleobasa da `yaztransgazs~ Soris gaugebrobas `semekis~ axali dadgenileba garkveulwilad mospobs. rig SemTxvevebSi, Tbiliselebs mricxvelebis safasuris gadaxda kvlavac mouwevT, Tumca, ukve oficialurad iqneba gansazRvruli rogorc maTi, ise gazis mimwodeblis uflebebi, da nebismier darRvevaze reagirebac oficialuri dokumentis safuZvelze iqneba SesaZlebeli. o

msoflio bazarze erTi qolgis qveS msoflio bankma, mTavrobis dakveTiT, globalur bazarze qarTuli produqciis konkurentunarianoba da sainvesticio mimzidveloba Seiswavla. maia demetraSvili
msoflio bankis eqspertebi sabWoTa periodidan SemorCenil iseT dargebze, rogoricaa saavtomobilo warmoeba, saaviacio Tu sarkinigzo mowyobilobebi da gemTmSenebloba, uaris Tqmas gvirCeven. perspeqtiuladaa miCneuli agroseqtori, samSeneblo masalebis, medikamentebis, medteqnikis da tansacmlis warmoeba. did potencials xedaven turizmSi, komunalur momsaxurebasa da pirveladi gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis ganviTarebaSi. saimon beli, msoflio bankis jgufis dargobrivi konkurentunarianobis eqsperti: saqarTvelos msgavsi patara qveynisaTvis umjobesi iqneba, Tu qarTveli mwarmoeblebi msoflio bazarze damkvidrebas erToblivad Seecdebian. magaliTad, Rvinis kompaniebis mier marketingis erToblivi warmoeba, nedleulis SeZena, erTiani distribucia Seamcirebs xarjebs da, Sesabamisad, gazrdis qarTuli Rvinis perspeqtivas saerTaSoriso bazarze. saeqsporto Rvinoebis erTi qolgis qveS moqcevaze saqarTvelos mTavrobac fiqrobs. Rvinis mwarmoeblebTan SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi, 2010 wlidan eqsportisas brendirebuli etiketis Wine of Georgia qveS gaerTianeba savaldebulo iqneba, danarCen atributebs ki mwarmoebeli kompania ucvlelad SeinarCunebs. qarTuli Rvinis reklamis xarjebs saxelmwifo gaiRebs. msoflio bankSi miaCniaT, rom daaxloebiT igive gza unda gaiaros agraruli seqtoris sxva dargebmac. Tumca sanam ucxoeTis bazrebis aTvisebas daviwyebT, qarTuli agraruli seqtoris nawarmi jer Sida bazarze unda damkvidrdes. sasursaTo usafrTxoebis observatoriis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi bostneulis importi eqsports 12-jer, xilis
seqtorebi, sadac saqarTvelo tradiciulad axorcielebda eqsports agrobiznesi tradiciuli dargebi

ki TiTqmis 1,5-jer aRemateba. agrarul seqtorSi saqarTvelos potenciis mqone qveynisaTvis es faqtobrivad anomaliuri viTarebaa. saerTo SefasebiT, qveyanas TiTqmis yvelaferi aqvs imisaTvis, rom situacia ukeTesobisaken Secvalos. noyieri niadagi, xelsayreli klimaturi pirobebi, iafi muSaxeli, evrokavSirisa da dsT-s bazrebis siaxlove da metnaklebad gamarTuli infrastruqtura iZleva imis saSualebas, rom importi adgilobrivma produqciam Caanacvlos da saeqsporto potencialic gaizardos. soflis meurneobis yofili ministri da ramdenime agrosawarmos TanadamfuZnebeli, mixo svimoniSvili msoflio bankis rekomendaciebs bolomde ar iziarebs da miaCnia, rom qarTuli brendebis gaerTianeba saeqsporto potencialis gasazrdelad panacea ver iqneba. magaliTad, Rvinis mwarmoebeli 7 kompania msoflio bazarze erTi brendiT (Georgian Wine Family) aris warmodgenili, Tumca bevri kompania bazarze damkvidrebas damoukideblad cdilobs da amas sakmao warmatebiTac axerxebs. garda amisa, svimoniSvili miiCnevs, rom SesaZleblobis farglebSi qveyanam aucileblad unda SeinarCunos mZime mrewvelobac. 180-gverdian daskvnaSi msoflio bankis erT-erTi umTavresi rekomendaciaa ganaTlebis sistemis reforma da misi daxvewa. saqarTvelos ZiriTadi aqtivi unar-Cvevebi unda iyos, Tumca es ase ar aris da ganaTlebis investirebis gareSe qveyana ver SeZlebs iseTi dargebis SenarCunebas, rogoricaa mZime mrewveloba da iZulebuli iqneba, miiRos SezRuduli Semosavlebi agrobiznesidan, rac qveynis ganviTarebas mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs. o
seqtorebi, sadac regionuli an globaluri moTxovnis zrda qmnis perspeqtivebs axali dargebi

Rvino Txili Cai bostneuli xili xorcis da rZis produqtebi Tevzi da zRvis produqtebi marcvleuli da parkosnebi

saavtomobilo mowyobiloba saaviacio mowyobiloba sarkinigzo mowyobiloba gemTmSenebloba xe da merqani

tansacmlis warmoeba samSeneblo masalebis warmoeba medikamentebisa da samedicino aparaturis warmoeba plastmasis da qaRaldis SefuTva

liberali ivlisi #5 2009

unda aSendes Tu ara onis

basac, Tumca saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT es aucilebeli ar aris, magram migvaCnia, rom saerTaSoriso konsultantebis mier momzadebuli energetikis ministris pirveli moadgile msgavsi angariSebi mniSvnelovan rols Seasrulebs proeqtis warmatebul ganxorcielebaSi. es sakmaod seriozuli sainvesticio proeqtia da, samomavlo riskebis Semcirebis mizniT, auonis hidroeleqtrosadguri kaskaduri tipis cilebelia yvela saWiro etapis detalurad da iqneba, romlis SemadgenlobaSic sami hidroelexarisxianad gavla. Secdomebis daSveba ar Sedis qtrosadguri Seva. norvegiulma kompaniam ukve arc investoris, arc Cveni moqalaqeebis da arc Caatara winaswari SefasebiTi samuSaoebi gamomTavrobis interesebSi. cdili saerTaSoriso eqspertebis monawileobiT. vgegmavT, onis kaskadis mSeneblobaze intemaTi angariSis mixedviT, kaSxlis mSenebloba miresTa gamoxatva TurqeTTan damakavSirebeli kroklimatis arsebiT cvlilebebs ar gamoiwveaxali xazis mSeneblobis dawyebis vs. arc erTi sofeli, dasaxleba Semdeg gamovacxadoT. xazis mSenean sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnuproeqtis blobis proeqts saxelmwifo saerlebis miwa ar daitboreba. mcdaganxorcieleba TaSoriso safinanso institutebis ria mosazreba, rom did kaSxlebs dafinansebiT axorcielebs. axaaRar aSeneben. mTel msoflioSi mniSvnelovania li infrastruqturis saSualebiT ganaxlebadi energiis gamoyenebaa qveynis ekonomikis izrdeba qveynis saeqsporto potenprioriteti, kaSxlis sidide ki SeganviTarebisTvis. ciali da hidroeleqtrosadguris fardebiTia. dRes msoflioSi, da mSeneblobiT dainteresebuli inmaT Soris saqarTveloSic, onis Sedegad miviRebT: vestorisTvis kidev ufro mimzidkaSxalze gacilebiT didi mocuasobiT milioni veli xdeba onis kaSxlis proeqti. lobis da simaRlis kaSxlebic ardolaris proeqtis ganxorcieleba mniSvsebobs. nelovania qveynis ekonomikis da, seismuri mdgradoba burRviTi investicias kerZod, energetikis seqtoris samuSaoebis Sedegad ganisazRvreda aTasobiT ganviTarebisTvis. Sedegad miviba. Sedegebis mixedviT dazustdeba dasaqmebul adamians. RebT: asobiT milioni dolaris kaSxlis saproeqto parametrebic. investicias, hidroenergetikuli garkveul samuSaoebs etapobrivad mimarTulebis ganviTarebas, aTasobiT dasaqmeSevasrulebT da, Tuki romelime etapze invesbul adamians, qveynis saeqsporto potencialis tori gamoCnda, ar gamovricxavT, rom es samuSagazrdas, energetikuli usafrTxoebis donis oebi swored investorma uzrunvelyos. amaRlebas, zamTris TveebSi eleqtroenergiis onSi geologiur procesebs aTwleulebis ganimportis da adgilobrivi Tbogeneraciis (romemavlobaSi akvirdebodnen. arsebobs statistika, lic aseve importirebul gazze muSaobs) CanacvTu ra periodulobiT xdeboda miwisZvrebi, sad lebas, gazrdil sagadasaxado Semosavlebs da es aris mewyruli teritoriebi, ramdenad xSirad yvelaferi Sesabamisad aisaxeba TiToeul Cvens xdeba wyalmovardnebi. axlandeli viTarebis Semoqalaqeze. safaseblad Zveli monacemebi gamoviyeneT. daCvenTvis prioritetulia adgilobrivi muSaxematebiTi laboratoriuli samuSaoebi konkrelis dasaqmeba, rac Tavis mxriv mniSvnelovnad tulad adgilzea Sesasrulebeli; es ki sakmaod gaaumjobesebs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis sociaSromatevadi da xarjiani etapia, Tumca _ aucilur pirobebs da, Sesabamisad, xels Seuwyobs lebeli, radgan maTi Catarebis gareSe, detaluregionis ganviTarebas. ri proeqtireba ver daiwyeba. hidrologiuri monacemebis safuZvelze da wiproeqtis dafinansebis survili EBRD, EIB da naswari saproeqto parametrebis mixedviT, 280 IFC gamoTqves. isini miesalmebian yvela saerTamegavatian sadgurs SesaZlebloba eqneba wliuSoriso standartiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaos rad 1,6 miliardi kvt. saaTi eleqtroenergia Catarebas, rac zrdis saerTaSoriso safinanso gamoimuSaos, rac eleqtroenergiis TurqeTSi institutebidan proeqtisaTvis saWiro Tanxebis gayidvis saSualebasac iZleva. o mozidvis albaTobas. Cven vfiqrobT garemoze zemoqmedebis strategiuli Sefasebis Cataremomxre

marika valiSvili

liberali ivlisi #5 2009

s hidroeleqtrosadguri
ra da quTaisi. SesaZlo katastrofis Tavidan acilebis garanti verc erTi mxare ver iqneba. ganadgurdeba uwera-saglolos monakveTSi mde`saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba / dedamiwis bare maRali konservaciis xeluxlebeli muqwiwviamegobrebis~ TanaTavmjdomare ni tyeebic, romelic unikaluria ara mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed msoflios masStabiT. acxadeben, rom onis kaSxali ekonomikurad miTuki onSi hidroeleqtrosadguri aSendeba, Somzidveli proeqtia. Cveni varaudiT ki, onis visa da uweris cnobili kurortebi Tavis funqkaskadis mSenebloba ufro Zviri dajdeba, vidre cias dakargaven, iqauri unikaluri mineraluri navaraudevia, Sesabamisad, is ver gaxdeba ekonomiwylebi ki ganadgurebis safrTxis winaSe dadgeba. kurad momgebiani. es regions yovelwliurad aTobiT aTasobiT damsgarda amisa, hidroeleqtrosadguri eqspluatavenebels daukargavs da saqarTveloSi turistulciaSi ucxouri kompaniis mflobelobiT Seva. qveyrekreaciuli meurneobis ganviTarebas SeuSlis nis biujetSi gayiduli eleqtroexels. arada, Sovi-uweras mineralunergiis mwiri nawili moxvdeba, rac ri wylebis eqsportze rom gvefiqra, onis kaSxali warmoadgens mxolod kompaniis, anu mxolod am proeqtiT SeiZleboda haeris, niadagisa gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergiis yovelwliurad aranakleb 600 mln. momxmarebeli qveynis, da araviTar laris Semosavlis mozidva. xolo da mcenareuli TurqeTis, samxreT aziis, egviptis safaris dabinZurebas SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos da onis municipalitetis interesebs. da sxva qveynebis bazrebis aTvisebis gamoiwvevs. 4 milionamde tona qani SesaZloa, SemTxvevaSi, mogeba, savaraudod, mikaSxlis mSeneblobaSi iyos gamoyeneliard larsac gadaaWarbebda. amas daitboreba 455 buli, magram maTgan ramdenime aTasi SeiZleba daematos mtknari wylis heqtari miwis tona haerSi gaifrqveva. es haeris, eqsportic, ramac SesaZloa, SemosafarTobi. mudmivi niadagisa da mcenareuli safaris vali bevrad gazardos. aRniSnulTan dabinZurebas gamoiwvevs, aseve safrSedarebiT, hidroeleqtrosadguris safrTxis winaSe mier gamomuSavebuli energiis eqsmoeqceva qalaqi onic. Txis winaSe dadgeba cxovelTa samyaro da Tevzis unikaluri saxeobebi. portidan miRebuli Semosavlebi hesis mSeneblobaze adgilobrivi zRvaSi wveTia. mosaxleobis dasaqmebis Sansi faqtobrivad nuloriskebis Tavidan asacileblad Casatarebelia vania da amas ramdenime mizezi aqvs: demografiuli strategiuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba, romelsac monacemebiT, raWis mosaxleobis umetesoba sakmamarTalia, ar iTvaliswinebs Cveni kanonmdebloba, od xnovania. isedac mcire mosaxleobaSi profemagram es mniSvnelovania msgavsi proeqtebis dasionali muSaxeli ar moiZebneba, amitom samuSao sawyebad da gulisxmobs ara marto ekologiuri adgilebi Seiqmneba mxolod ucxoeTidan Camoyvanimdgomareobis Seswavlas, aramed ekonomikur da li muSaxelisaTvis (magaliTad, ase moxda Tbilisis socialur mizanSewonilobasac. aeroportis, gzaTa mSeneblobisa da baqo-Tbilisisinamdvilesaa moklebuli gancxadeba, rom soerzrumis gazsadenis proeqtebzec), rac saqarTveflebi ar daitboreba. pirveladi monacemebiT, los, miT umetes, raWis interesebSi sruliad ar sofel Wioras seriozuli safrTxe emuqreba. aRSedis. ufro metic, proeqti mniSvnelovnad SeamsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom datborvis Sedegad cirebs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis Sanss gazrdili wylis sarke ueWvelad gamoiwvevs misoflis meurneobis, turizmis da rekreaciuli kroklimatis Secvlas da bevr sofelze moaxdens meurneobis sferoebSi, radgan misi ganxorcielezegavlenas. SesaZlebelia moxdes soflis mTliabis SemTxvevaSi, daaxloebiT 3500 heqtari miwis ni daclac. daitboreba daaxloebiT 455 heqtari fondi sruliad daikargeba. saerTo jamSi ki, promiwis farTobi, ris Sedegadac wyali uSualod eqti cudad imoqmedebs mTiani regionis mdgrad miadgeba sof. Wioras da kuTvnili sasoflo-saganviTarebaze. Sedegad miviRebT ekomigrantebs, meurneo savargulebis garkveuli nawili wyalsaromelTa sacxovreblis, socialuri da moraluri cavis qveS aRmoCndeba. kompensaciis sakiTxi im xelisuflebis pasuxismgemudmivi safrTxis qveS moeqceva qalaqi onic, bloba iqneba, romelic mosaxleobas mSobliuri aseve Rara, uwera da maT qvemoT mdebare dasaxlekuTxidan gadasaxlebas aiZulebs. o buli punqtebi, maT Soris _ ambrolauri, xvanWkamowinaaRmdege

nino CxobaZe

liberali ivlisi #5 2009

barak obama da dimitri medvedevi, moskovi 2009

foto REUTERS / jim iangi

politika

obama moskovSi

Cven da ruseTi
saqarTvelosTvis mniSvnelovan kiTxvebze calsaxa pasuxi ar aris
msoflios birTvuli arsenalis 95 procentis mflobeli ori qveynis liderebis Sexvedras gansakuTrebuli mouTmenlobiT saqarTveloSi elodnen. amas ori mizezi hqonda. pirvel rigSi, am Sexvedras pasuxi unda gaeca dReisaTvis yvelaze aqtualur kiTxvaze _ iqneba Tu ara meore omi ruseTTan? kidev erTi sakiTxi, rac moskovSi unda garkveuliyo _ ra adgili miuCines saqarTvelos aSS-s axali administraciis prioritetebis nusxaSi. arc erT am kiTxvaze calsaxa pasuxi isev ar aris. saqarTvelos prezidenti maT Sorisaa, vinc miiCnevs, rom obamas moskovSi vizitma da saqarTvelos
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

mimarT gamoxatulma araorazrovanma mxardaWeram `ruseTis agresiuli gegma uaxloes perspeqtivaSi CaSala da omi aRar iqneba~. maTTvis ki, vinc fiqrobda, rom racionaluri TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg omis dawyeba ruseTs arc obamas vizitamde aZlevda xels, da miT ufro _ arc dRes, omis safrTxe kvlavac dRis wesrigSia. tradiciuli, rkinis argumenti isev ZalaSia: ruseTis politika logikas ar eqvemdebareba. eqspertebis azri iyofa meore mniSvnelovan sakiTxzec. nawili miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelos, romlis teritoria dResac okupirebulia ruseTis mier, barak oba-

premier putinTan Sexvedris Semdeg, `axal ekonomikur skolaSi~ gamosvlisas aSS-s prezidentma Tqva: `saxelmwifo suvereniteti saerTaSoriso wesrigis qvakuTxedi unda iyos. zustad aseve, yvela saxelmwifos unda hqondes ufleba, airCios sakuTari liderebi. saxelmwifoebs unda hqondeT ufleba, iqonion usafrTxo sazRvrebi da gaataron sakuTari sagareo politika... es principi yvela saxelmwifos unda exebodes, maT Soris _ saqarTvelos da ukrainas~.

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barak obama da dimitri medvedevi, moskovi 2009

`ar mogatyuebT, rom SeerTebuli Statebi da ruseTi yvela sakiTxze Tanxmdebian. magaliTad, saqarTvelos Sesaxeb gulwrfeli diskusia gvqonda, da me kidev erTxel gamovxate Cemi mtkice rwmena, rom saqarTvelos suverenitetsa da teritoriul mTlianobas pativi unda vceT. Cven isev vmuSaobT Cvens uTanxmoebaze saqarTvelos sazRvrebTan dakavSirebiT, magram namdvilad vTanxmdebiT, rom samxedro konfliqtis ganaxleba aravis interesebSi ar Sedis~, _ ganacxada barak obamam preskonferenciaze.

mam arasaTanado yuradReba dauTmo da amiT mianiSna, rom TeTri saxlis dRis wesrigSi saqarTvelos adgili ufro mokrZalebulia, vidre wina administraciis dros. meoreni ki amboben, rom obamas mier moskovSi gakeTebuli gancxadebebi TavisTavad imis maniSnebelia, rom amerikam ar `daTmo~ saqarTvelo, ufro masStaburi globaluri problemebis mogvarebis sanacvlodac ki. barak obamas moskovSi ori sajaro gamosvla hqonda _ dimitri medvedevTan Sexvedris Semdeg gamarTuli erToblivi preskonferencia da leqcia `axal ekonomikur skolaSi~. saqarTvelo man orive gamosvlaSi axsena. am gancxadebebiT obamam uari Tqva, eRiarebina moskovis privilegirebuli interesebis sfero yofil sabWoTa respublikebSi.
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marTalia, arc medvedevma da arc putinma obamas pirdapiri winaaRmdegoba ar gauwies saqarTvelos sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi, magram is, Tu rogor gaSuqda es Tema rusul mediaSi, calsaxad imis maniSnebelia, rom kremli saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi politikis Secvlas ar apirebs. am mxriv yvelaze simptomaturi putinis administraciis warmomadgenlis, iuri uSakovis gancxadeba iyo, romelmac putini-obamas Sexvedris Semdeg Tqva: `aSS-s prezidenti Sehpirda premier putins, rom gaiTvaliswinebs postsabWoTa sivrceSi ruseTis gansakuTrebul interesebs~. `yvelaferi, rac unda eTqva, obamam Tqva. Tumca, damafiqrebelia rusuli mediis gzavnili, romelic aseTi iyo: ai, xedavT, obamam Caaba-

ra saqarTvelo ruseTs~, _ ambobs britanuli Jurnal `ekonomistis~ moskovis biuros xelmZRvaneli arkadi ostrovski. obamas gancxadeba, rom medvedevTan gulwrfeli saubris Semdegac ki is ar eTanxmeba mas saqarTvelos sakiTxSi, niSnavs, rom Tbilisi, vaSingtonisa da moskovis dialogSi yvelaze rTul da mgrZnobiare Temad darCa. `birTvuli SeiaraRebis Semcireba ruseTSi TavisTavad, xelmowerebis gareSe moxdeba, radgan ruseTis birTvuli SeiaraReba Zalian male Zveldeba. amitom amerikisTvis mTavari iyo, Seeqmna platforma, raTa dalaparakeboda ruseTs _ ambobs ostrovski, _ aq ar aris saubari imaze, rom ruseTi afxazeTidan da samxreT oseTidan gavides. obamas mSvenivrad esmis, rom es ar moxdeba. misi mTavari amocana omis Tavidan acileba iyo~. Tumca, ruseTis pirveli pirebis dumili da rusuli politikuri elitis ritorika ar iZleva imis Tqmis safuZvels, rom kremlSi saqarTvelosTan omze aRar fiqroben. vaSingtonma mxolod iribad gakicxa moskovi cecxlis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb agvistos xelSekrulebis aSkara darRvevis gamo, rac gasul agvistos miRweuli status kvos Secvlis sababi ver gaxdeba. `obamam orjer axsena saqarTvelo da ukraina Tavis gamosvlaSi, magram _ mxolod mTeli rigi sakiTxebis Semdeg. qarTvelebma es konteqsti unda gaiTvaliswinon: kavkasia aRar iqneba amerikis sagareo politikaSi igive donis prioriteti, rogoric iyo jorj buSis dros, xolo amerikeli oficialuri pirebi ukve eubnebian evropelebs, rom evropam regionSi ufro aqtiuri roli unda Seasrulos~, _ ambobs britaneli eqsperti kavkasiis sakiTxebSi Tomas de vaali. SesaZloa, barak obamas vizitma saqarTvelo am agvistoSi omisgan ixsna, magram ara rusuli gavlenis sferosgan. postsabWoTa sivrceSi, konkretulad ki samxreT kavkasiaSi, gavlenis SenarCuneba ruseTisTvis nacionalur interess warmoadgens, romelsac arasdros daTmobs, vidre mas amis saSulebas miscemen.

foto REUTERS / grigori dukori

liberali ivlisi #5 2009

mezoblebi

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liberali ivlisi #5 2009

ilustracia ana tabataZe

samxreT kavkasiis regionuli usafrTxoeba

samxreT kavkasiis sami saxelmwifo realuri damoukideblobis mopovebas mxolod maSin SeZlebs, Tuki usafrTxoebis erTiani sistemis sanacvlod, suverenitetis garkveul elementebs Seeleva.

qveyana `kavkasia~

margarita axvlediani

liberali ivlisi #5 2009

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`es mxolod Teoriuladaa SesaZlebeli~, _ ambobs eqspertebis umravlesoba, vinc ismens Teziss imis Sesaxeb, rom samxreT kavkasiis qveynebs saSinao da sagareo problemebis gadaWris mxolod erTi gza aqvT: imoqmedon ara rogorc calkeulma qveynebma, aramed rogorc regionulma erTeulma; rogorc qveyanam, saxelwodebiT _ kavkasia. sinamdvileSi, aseTi qveyana ukve arsebobs. sagareo politikuri moTamaSeebi CvenTan _ qarTvelebTan, somxebTan, azerbaijanelebTan urTierToben rogorc erTian regionTan da ara calkeul qveynebTan; rogorc erT sxeulTan, romelsac sami Tavi aqvs. evrokavSirma SeimuSava axali programa Eastern Partnership, romlis mTavari mizania, aiZulos samxreT kavkasiis qveynebi, dainaxon gamaerTianebeli faqtorebi. aSkaraa, rom meore dainteresebuli sagareo moTamaSec _ ruseTi, romelic regionSi qirurgiul operaciebs axorcielebs, kavkasiaSi aseve erT organizms xedavs da ara sams. amis erT-erTi magaliTia is, rom bolo dros ruseTi cdilobs, faruli daSinebiTa Tu Ria satyuarebiT gadai-

biros erT-erTi `Tavi~ _ azerbaijani. eqspertTa nawili miiCnevs, rom am TamaSiT moskovs regionSi TurqeTis gavlenis Sesusteba da ori danarCeni `Tavis~ dezorientireba surs: sabolood daimorCilos somxeTi da izolaciaSi moaqcios saqarTvelo. analitikosi igor iurgensi, romelic moskovis Tanamedrove ganviTarebis instituts xelmZRvanelobs (am institutis sadamkvirveblo sabWos xelmZRvaneli ruseTis prezidenti dimitri medvedevia), Jurnal `rosiiskie vesti~-sTvis micemul interviuSi ambobs: `kavkasia _ rTuli regionia. aq TiToeul saxelmwifoSi Cven sakuTari interesebi da, Sesabamisad, zemoqmedebis berketebi gvaqvs. warmateba damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad marjved gamoiyenebs am berketebs Cveni sagareo politikuri elita. sxva teritoriebisgan izolirebuli somxeTi da Cveni gansakuTrebuli urTierTobebi TurqeTTan, romlebic SeiZleba gaZlierdes; ruseTis naTesaoba azerbaijanis energetikul kompleqsebTan; saqarTvelos mosaxleobis ukmayofileba sakuTari xelisuflebiT _ es is faqtorebia, romelTa sworad ga-

moyeneba ruseTis poziciebs kavkasiaSi gaaZlierebs~. situacia raRaciT samxreT kavkasiis sami meamboxe respublikis _ afxazeTis, samxreT oseTisa da mTiani yarabaRis mdgomareobas hgavs. maT aRiares sakuTari Tavi, magram msofliom ar aRiara isini. `qveyana~ kavkasiasTan dakavSirebiT ki yvelaferi piriqiTaa _ realurad, masze, rogorc erTian organizmze, orientacias akeTebs mTeli msoflio, Tumca Tavad am `qveynis~ macxovreblebs am faqtis aRiareba ar surT. samive qveyanaSi politikuri idea aseTia: TiToeuls ekonomikurad gaZliereba unda ara imisaTvis, rom evropuli ojaxis wevri gaxdes, aramed regionSi dominanturi mdgomareoba moipovos da sadavo sakiTxebi Tavis sasargeblod gadawyvitos. ukve oci welia, samxreT kavkasiis samive qveyana am logikis erTgulia, ris gamoc, mTeli regioni erT adgilas buqsaobs. irgvliv damwvari saburavebis suni dgas. sagareo moTamaSeebi amas xedaven da, miuxedavad maTi miznebisa, kavkasias, rogorc erTian regions ise aRiqvamen. albaT dadga

erToblivi sazRvris dacva

afxazeTi

Tavdacva

s. oseTi

sagareo ekonomikuri kavSirebi sagareo politika

aWara

erToblivi sazRvari da erToblivi sagareo gadawyvetilebebis sfero

yarabaRi erTiani sabanko sistema da valuta SeRavaTebi da gadasaxadebisgan Tavisufali pirobebi biznesisTvis erTiani sadazRvevo sistema ganaTlebis SeTanxmebuli sistema, kavkasiuri enebis aucilebeli swavlebiT skolebSi

sagareo vaWroba
naxiCivani

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liberali ivlisi #5 2009

dro, Tavadac gamovitanoT daskvnebi. qarTvel, azerbaijanel da somex eqspertebTan saubrebis Semdeg daaxloebiT iseTi sqema ikveTeba, romelic rukazea naCvenebi. boris navasardiani, somexi analitikosi, erevnis presklubis prezidenti: `me swored am radikaluri ideis mxardamWeri var. es erTaderTi gamosavalia Waobidan, romelSic mTeli regionia CaTreuli. gare samyarosTan urTierTobisas samxreT kavkasia erTiani unda iyos. regionis farglebSi samive qveyanas SeiZleba hqondes winaaRmdegobebi, problemebi, magram gare moTamaSeebis mxridan sxvadasxva manipulaciisgan damcavi meqanizmi saerTo unda iyos~. `samwuxarod, es arc erT qveyanas gaazrebuli ar aqvs. didi roli iTamaSa Tavis droze ambiciebma, nacionalurma egoizmma. regionis momavalze yvelas sakuTari xedva hqonda da erTmaneTs Tavs axvevdnen, partniorebTan ganxilvis gareSe. amasTan, regionSi mcxovrebi TiToeuli adamianisTvis sakvanZo problema usafrTxoebis sakiTxis gadawyveta _ damokidebulia swored am kinklaobis dasrulebaze. erTmaneTTan TanamSromlobis gverdis avliT regionSi usafrTxoebis miRweva Teoriuladac SeuZlebelia. iluziaa imis mtkiceba, rom SeiZleba Sexvide romelime aliansSi da usafrTxoebis sakiTxi mezoblebis monawileobis gareSe gadawyvito. idealuri modeli iqneboda regionSi sxvadasxva usafrTxoebis sistemis SeTavseba ise, rom partniorebs ar hqondeT sxva gamosavali, Tu ara balansireba sxvebis mxardaWeriT. aseTi modelis SemuSaveba SesaZlebelia, magram amisaTvis aucilebelia survili da bevri muSaoba. Cemi azriT, samxreT kavkasiis, rogorc erTiani regionis formireba, usafrTxoebis erTiani sistemiTa da erTiani ekonomikiT, SeiZleba mxolod aqtiuri sagareo Carevis Sedegad~. Jurnalisturi gaerTianeba Yeni Nesil_is Tavmjdomare, baqoeli politologi arif alievi miiCnevs, rom `vidre modelze, meqanizmze daiwyeba muSaoba, jer saWiroa, Seiqmnas Sesaferisi sazogadoebrivi azri da moxdes imis gaazreba, rom es marTlac saWiroa. Tu am ideas, Tundac araCveulebrivad damuSavebuls, magidaze davdebT, mas aravin miaqcevs yuradRebas, radgan Cveni warmodgena regionul Tanaliberali ivlisi #5 2009

mSromlobaze da mis mniSvnelobaze mcdaria. vfiqrob, magaliTad, saqarTvelos dRevandeli intensiuri urTierToba azerbaijanTan sinamdvileSi mTlad gulwrfeli ar aris. viwro wreSi albaT aRiareben kidec, rom es aris iZulebiTi siaxlove maSin, roca saqarTvelo gulwrfelad moxaruli iqneboda evropul estoneTTan TanamSromlobis~. samxreT kavkasiis sami qveynidan romels SeuZlia dRes regionuli TanamSromlobis mimarT midgoma Secvalos? romel qveyanas SeuZlia danarCenebic aiyolios am gzaze? `sagareo faqtoris saxiT, vxedav TurqeTs, _ ambobs boris navasardiani, _ Tu TurqeTi Semoitans ufro Tanamedrove meTodebs, romliTac planetis civilizebuli nawili moqmedebs qveynebs Soris arsebuli problemebis gadasawyvetad, es iqneba seriozuli garRveva. magaliTad, Tu TurqeTi gaxsnis sazRvrebs da daamyarebs diplomatiur urTierTobebs, amiT sxvebsac aiZulebs, fexi auban axal realobas, axal midgomas~. `es Secvlis yarabaRis konfliqtSi monawile mxareebis damokidebulebas konfliqtisa da misi gadaWris gzebis mimarT; Secvlis saqarTvelos warmodgenas imaze, rom regionis danarCeni nawili misTvis dRes araviTar faseulobasa da interess ar warmoadgens. es erT-erTi variantia, Tumca _ yvelaze xelSesaxebi, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT somxeTsa da TurqeTs Soris bolo dros ganviTarebul movlenebs~. SesaZloa, esec iluziaa, magram bolo dros TiTqos SeiniSneba regionuli liderebis dafiqreba imaze, rom xelSi hyavT qaTami, romelsac SeuZlia oqros kvercxebi dados. amaze metyvelebs erTmaneTTan SesamCnevad gaxSirebuli vizitebi. mixeil saakaSvilis erevanSi bolo vizitma ki eqspertebi gaakvirva _ saqarTvelos prezidents Rirsebis ordeni gadasces. ruseTSi am faqts didi ukmayofileba mohyva. `ar SeiZleba afurTxo WaSi, saidanac wylis daleva Tavad mogiwevs~, _ es ruseTis saxelmwifo saTaTbiros deputatis valeria bogomolovas sityvebia. `somxeTis es nabiji gamowvevaa ruseTisTvis, miT umetes, rom es qveyana Cveni strategiuli partnioria~, _ ganacxada ruseTis dumis dsT-sTan urTierTobebis

`gare samyarosTan urTierTobisas samxreT kavkasia erTiani unda iyos. regionis farglebSi samive qveyanas SeiZleba hqondes winaaRmdegobebi, problemebi, magram gare moTamaSeebis mxridan sxvadasxva manipulaciisgan damcavi meqanizmi saerTo unda iyos~.
komitetis warmomadgenelma tatiana moskalkovam. dabejiTebiT Tqma, Tu ratom gadadga serJ sarqisianma es nabiji, Znelia. SesaZloa, ruseTis ganawyeneba surda energetikis sferoSi azerbaijanTan warmatebuli molaparakebebis gamo. arc is aris gamoricxuli, am Jestis ukan bevrad mniSvnelovani ram imalebodes. erTi cxadia, arc politikuri sirTuleebi da, miT ufro, arc politikuri TanamSromloba erT konkretul dRes ar iwyeba; arc politikuri kavSirebi iqmneba erT dReSi. viRacam process biZgi unda misces. Cemi azriT, es unda iyos saqarTvelo. Tumca, jer man unda gaiazros, rom es transformacia pirvel rigSi swored mas sWirdeba. Tu ganvagrZobT Zveli Secdomebis daSvebas da vifiqrebT, rom SeiZleba gavxdeT nato-s wevri, rogorc regionis gamorCeuli qveyana, an viyoT regionis geopolitikuri centri am saqmeSi mezoblebis mxardaWeris gareSe _ maSin feTqebadsaSiS kavkasiaSi problemebis ricxvi mxolod moimatebs. `vidre Cven urTierTobebs Cvens Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebi gansazRvravs, Cven maT vaZlierebT, vinc siZulvils Tesavs da ara mSvidobas. Cven maT vmatebT Zalas, vinc konfliqtebs uwyobs xels da ara TanamSromlobas; TanamSromlobas, romelic msoflioSi yvela adamians daexmareboda samarTlianobisa da keTildReobis miRwevaSi. eWvisa da winaaRmdegobebis es cikli unda dasruldes~, _ ganacxada 4 ivniss barak obamam qairoSi. SeiZleba paTetikurad JRers, magram Znelia, am sityvebs ar daeTanxmo.
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CrdiloeT kavkasia - inguSeTi

arc omi, arc mSvidoba konfliqtebisTvis >> CrdiloeT kavkasia ganwirulia mravalwliani
tom naTvudi

Tavdasxma iunus-bek evkurovis korteJze , nazrani 2009

CrdiloeT kavkasiis respublikebis maRalCinosnebze Tavdasxmebis jaWvis bolo rgoli iyo inguSeTis prezidentis, iunus-bek evkurovis korteJze TviTmkvlelis Tavdasxma, romlis Sedegadac dacvis ori wevri daiRupa, Tavad prezidenti ki aqamde mZime mdgomareobaSia. komentatorebi Tanxmdebian, rom es Tavdasxma evkurovis erTgvari konstruqciuli kursis sapasuxod moxda. Tumca, aravin ganmartavs am kursis konkretul Sinaarssa da imas, Tu riTi gansxvavdeba igi inguSeTis yofili prezidentis murat ziazikovis politikuri kursisgan. evkurovs marTlac ekuTvnis bevri samarTliani gamonaTqvami demokratiaze, Tavisuflebasa da adamianis uflebebze, Tumca realurad, xelisuflebaSi misi mosvlis Semdeg Zalovani operaciebis msxver18

plma gacilebiT imata. axali meTauris damsaxurebebs miaTvlian korufciasTan brZolasac. metic, erT-erTi ZiriTadi versiis mixedviT, evkurovze Tavdasxmis damkveTebad swored korumpirebul Cinovnikebs miiCneven. marTlac, korufciasTan dakavSirebuli sisxlis samarTlis 30-mde saqmea aRZruli. Tumca, am saqmeebSi mxolod mesame da meoTxe xarisxis Cinovnikebi figurireben, romlebic mwir aralegalur Semosavals iReben. maT Sorisaa ziazikovis droindeli sportis ministri, romelic imiT aris originaluri, rom imdroindel ganukiTxaobis periodSic ki moaxerxa sasamarTlo garCevis obieqti gamxdariyo. evkurovis korufciasTan brZolis absolutur profanaciaze metyvelebs is garemoebac, rom xelisufleba misi

mmarTvelobis pirobebSi arc gamWvirvale gamxdara da arc daqvemdebarebuli. es brZola Zveli drois korufciuli sqemis axali korufcionerebis sasargeblod gardaqmnas ufro hgavs. xelisuflebis korumpirebulobis axlandel xarisxze warmodgenas gviqmnis gazeT `moskovski komsomolecis~ Jurnalisturi gamoZieba: aRmoCnda, rom evkurovis mersedesi kustaruli wesiT daijavSna, Tumca prezidentis oTxi avtomobilisTvis gankuTvnili parkis SesaZenad regionuli biujetidan 2 600 000 amerikuli dolari gamoiyo. rogorc gamoZiebidan irkveva, gamoyofili saxsrebis 80% moipares. sainformacio sivrceSi evkurovi jer kidev mxardaWeriT sargeblobs. komentatorebi da eqspertebi, romlebic sul axlaxan amtkicebdnen, rom regionuli krizisi aSkarad arakompeliberali ivlisi #5 2009

foto REUTERS / stringeri

tenturi ziazikovis gadadgomisTanave mogvardeboda, jer kidev ar arian mzad, sakuTari Secdomebi aRiaron. Tumca, inguSeTis sazogadoebam axali prezidentisadmi ndoba Zalian swrafad dakarga. mniSvneloba ara aqvs, Tu ramdeni ilaparaka evkurovma Tanasworobis da adamianuri Rirsebis faseulobaTa pativiscemaze. arc imas aqvs mniSvneloba, Tu ramdenad xSirad xvdeboda is sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebs da maTTan xelisuflebis daqvemdebarebulobaze msjelobda. saboloo jamSi, es yvelaferi sruliad ufasurdeba Tavisufali arCevnebis gareSe. carieli gancxadebebiT am faseulobebis WeSmaritebaSi darwmunebul sazogadoebas ver moatyueb. pirvelad inguSeTis krizisze, rogorc saxelmwifos krizisze, azri gamoTqva pol goblma, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris eTnikuri problemebis cnobilma eqspertma. sinamdvileSi, krizisi mas mere daiwyo, rac arCeuli da popularuli ruslan auSevi moskovis zewoliT gadadga, xolo inguSebs xelisuflebis Tavisuflad arCevis saSualeba CamoerTvaT. mTlianobaSi ruseTisTvis arCevnebis gauqmebas, saxelmwifos legitimurobis TvalsazrisiT, raime arsebiTi Sedegi ar mohyolia, radgan sazogadoeba nacionaluri da kulturuli gamorCeulobis ideebiT suldgmulobs. inguSebisTvis Tavisufleba da Tanasworoba nacionaluri ideaa. arCevnebis gauqmebas regionuli xelisuflebis devalvacia mohyva, ramac viTareba respublikaSi cnobil Sedegebamde miiyvana. Tu evkurovi prezidentis movaleobis Sesrulebas isev daubrundeba, mas erTxans kidev eqneba emociuri mxardaWera sazogadoebisgan, romelic, bunebrivia, TanaugrZnobs bewvze gadarCenil prezidents. Tumca axali opoziciis Sesaqmnelad niadagi ukve momwifda da wlis bolomde ukve Camoyalibdeba kidec. amjerad met-naklebad sarwmuno gamaerTianebeli idea, ruslan auSevis dabruneba ki ara, Tavad prezidentis arCeviTobis institutis aRdgena iqneba. evkurovisTvis erTaderTi SesaZlebloba, rom ziazikovis gza ar gaimeoros, aris _ Camoayalibos farTo sazogadoebrivi koalicia, romelTan erTadac zedmet valdebulebebsa da pasuxismgeblobas gainawilebs, Caataros Tavisufali municipaluri arliberali ivlisi #5 2009

Cevnebi, mxari dauWiros adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebsa da saTvistomoebs, sakuTar xelSi moiqcios kontrolis funqcia da gaataros regionuli, kerZod, administraciuli reformebi; idealur SemTxvevaSi _ regionis meTaurebis arCevnebis aRdgenis federalur doneze mxardaWera. Tumca, CamoTvlilidan Tundac erTi punqtis Sesrulebis albaToba nuls utoldeba. amitomac, uaxloes wlebSi, vidre kremli axali meTauris daniSvnas ise SeZlebs, rom saxe ar dakargos, evkurovisTvis mTavar amocanad rCeba, fizikurad gadarCes. miuxedavad im aJiotaJisa, rac medvedevis mier gakeTebul gancxadebas

mdeg. yvelanairi safuZveli arsebobs imis savaraudod, rom kremli am signals gaigebs. konfliqtis mizezebi yvela Crdilokavkasiur respublikaSi gansxvavebulia, magram arsebobs ori _ saerTo: demografia da saqarTvelo. inguSeTis, CeCneTisa da daRestnis mzard mosaxleobas ruseTis sxva regionebSi socialurad damkvidrebis SesaZlebloba SezRuduli aqvs. axalgazrdobis didi nawili samgvari arCevanis winaSe dgas: Sss-Si muSaoba, arabul qveynebSi religiuri ganaTleba, an pirdapir tyeSi gasvla. ase rom, sazogadoeba am regionSi duned mimdinare omis pirobebSi yalibdeba, da es su-

foto REUTERS / stringeri

teraqtis Sedegad afeTqebuli saxli, nazrani 2009

mohyva, romlis mixedviTac, man inguSeTis Zalovani struqturebis xelmZRvaneloba CeCneTis meTaur ramzan kadirovs miando, rac, sxvaTa Soris, mTlianad respublikis marTvas SeiZleba niSnavdes, da am ukanasknelmac aSkara enTuziazmiT miiRo es siaxle, am davalebas asruleba mainc ar uweria. marTalia, sazogadoebis agresiuli islamizacia grZeldeba, magram kadiroviseuli aziaturi marTvis stili inguSebSi Zveleburad gaucxoebas iwvevs. mcdari iqneboda sityvasityviT gagvego ruslan auSevis amaswindeli gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom is mzadaa, droebiT uxelmZRvanelos respublikas. es kremlisTvis samsaxuris SeTavazeba ki ar iyo, aramed sakuTari naciisadmi sakmaod mkafio mxardaWeris gamoxatva da sifrTxile respublikis saqmeebSi gareSe Zalis Carevis winaaR-

lac ar uzRudavs ruseTs amierkavkasiaSi moqmedebis SesaZleblobas. meore mxriv, Crdilo kavkasiis SeerTeba ruseTisTvis aqtualuri mxolod mas Semdeg gaxda, rac mis SemadgenlobaSi saukuneebis win saqarTvelo Sevida. CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi interesTa balansi mkveTrad mxolod mas Semdeg Seicvleba, rac saqarTvelos damoukidebloba moskovisTvis Seuqcevad faqtad iqceva. Tu ukuvagdebT ararealur scenarebs, magaliTad imas, rom uaxloes momavalSi ruseTi liberalur sazogadoebad gadaiqceva da saxelmwifos damokidebuleba adamianisa da misi uflebebisadmi radikalurad Seicvleba, imis aRiareba mogviwevs, rom Crdilokavkasiuri konfliqti dRevandeli intensiurobiT kidev mraval weliwads gastans.
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irani arCevnebis Semdeg

arCevani - Cven! ganviTarebulma movlenebma saprezidento arCevnebis Semdgom

iranis Sida situacia da am situaciis mTavari warmmarTveli Zalebi axali gamowvevebis winaSe daayena >>
leqso Cqareuli

iraneli xalxisaTvis albaT moulodneli ar yofila mmarTveli reJimis reaqcia da damokidebuleba saerToerovnuli protestis mimarT. miuxedavad garkveuli iluziebisa, iranelebs Zalian kargad esmodaT, rom reJimi Tavis dasacavad da sakuTari arsebobis gasaxangrZliveblad _ aranairi, maT Soris arc Zalismieri saSualebebis gamoyenebas moerideboda. amis miuxedavad, Tavganwirvam, romelic arCevnebis Sedegebis gamocxadebidan meore dRes daiwyo, yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba. bevrma Jurnalistma da garedan damkvirvebelma Seqmnili viTareba mmarTveli reJimis dasasrulad Seafasa.
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Tumca, eqspertebi, romlebic irans Signidan icnoben, aseT optimistur prognozs Tavidanve usafuZvlod miiCnevdnen da TavianT pozicias ramdenime argumentiT asabuTebdnen. am argumentTagan yvelaze woniani iyo is garemoeba, rom termini `reformistebi~, romelsac xSirad iranis opoziciur Zalebs miusadageben, sruliadac ar gulisxmobs imas, rasac dasavleTSi iranTan dakavSirebiT am terminis gamoyenebisas gulisxmobdnen. iranSi mmarTvelobis sistemis reformireba SeuZlebelia qveynisa da sazogadoebis mowyobis dasavluri modelebis Sesabamisad. religiuri samarTlis is normebi, romlebic

iransa da islamuri wyobis qveynebSi moqmedebs, safuZvelSive ewinaaRmdegeba sekularuli sazogadoebebis saukuneobiT gamovlil principebs adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa Tu sxva humanitarul sferoebSi. amitomac, reforma arsebuli religiuri reJimis farglebSi ver iqneba yovlismomcveli da is SeiZleba exebodes ama Tu im religiuri kanonis axlebur, SedarebiT civilizebul da dasavluri azrovnebis modelebTan ase Tu ise axlo mdgom interpretacias. meore sakiTxi, rac iranTan dakavSirebiT aucileblad daismeba, aris ara Tundac religiuri kanonmdeblobis ganuxreli dacva, aramed am
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

foto REUTERS / morteza nikubazi

kanonTa morgeba calkeuli pirovnebebisa da saxelisuflebo Stoebis sruliad pragmatul miznebsa da amocanebze. viTareba, roca arsebiTad mniSvnelovania ara TavisTavad kanoni, aramed jgufi, romelic arsebul kanonebs (imitom, rom xelT ganuzomeli samxedro da politikuri Zalaufleba upyria) mudam Tavis pirovnul ambiciur gadawyvetilebebs Seuxamebs. prezident xaTamis moRvaweoba zemoTqmulis mkafio dadasturebaa. xaTami, romelic qveyanaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis dapirebiT movida, sabolood TviTonve iqca kargad organizebuli klanis meTaurad, romelic ZiriTadad arafriT gansxvavdeboda manamde arsebuli sxva saxelisuflebo Stoebisagan da realur cvlilebebze metad Tavisi poziciebis gamyarebaze zrunavda. rac unda paradoqsulad Candes, yvelaze meti siaxle da liberalizmi xaTamis winamorbedma _ ali aqbar haSemi rafsanjanim daamkvidra, xolo prezident xaTamis mTeli am monapovrisaTvis bevri araferi Seumatebia. piriqiT, swored xaTamis prezidentobis periodSi SeiZina amerikisagan iranis dazvervis samsaxurma internetis makontrolebeli sistema, romelsac reJimi warmatebiT iyenebs arasasurveli saitebisa da informaciis dasablokad. am sistemam reJims yvelaze didi samsaxuri swored arCevnebis Semdgom dReebSi gauwia, roca xelisuflebam praqtikulad qveynidan daiTxova yvela ucxoeli Jurnalisti, anda maT mimdinare kadrebis gadaReba aukrZala. aseT viTarebaSi informaciisa da xalxis mobilizebis erTaderT saSualebad internetresursiRa rCeboda da, cxadia, mTeli datvirTviT Tavidan swored am resursma imuSava. saerTod, iranSi, unda iTqvas, rom farTodaa ganviTarebuli qseluri mediasaSualebebisa da forumebis sistema. mosaxleobis didi nawili CarTulia am saSualebebis muSaobaSi. amas garda, internetiT myardeba kavSiri emigraciaSi myof iranelebsa da qveynis danarCen mosaxleobas Soris, mimdinareobs ideaTa urTierTgacvla da xSirad mwvave diskusia ama Tu im saWirboroto sakiTxze. Tumca arcTu iSviaTad, roca iranliberali ivlisi #5 2009

Si myofi sasurvel internet misamarTs akrefs, moTxovnili saitis nacvlad, Tvalwin aucimcimdeba gamafrTxilebeli niSani da wiTeli warwera: `ukacravad! es saiti misawvdomi ar aris islamur RirebulebebTan misi Seusabamobis gamo!~ aRniSnuli gafrTxileba ki ara mxolod pornosaitebs, aramed arasasurvel politikur, anda religiur Tematikasac moicavs. TavisTavad, sainteresoa is faqti, rom internetblokirebis es uaxlesi sistema iranis islamurma respublikam dasavleTisagan SeiZina. am erTi faqtiTac SesaniSnavad Cans ormagi standartis is rTuli da kargad diferencirebuli sistema, romliTac dasavleTi da kerZod amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi iranis sazogadoebas ekideba. reJims vakritikebT imis gamo, rom ZirSive aRmofxvris demokratiis nebismier gamovlinebas, magram amave dros (umZimesi ekonomikuri embargos pirobebSi) amave reJims mivyidiT demokratiis gamovlinebaTa aRmosafxvrel yvelaze efeqtur saSualebas. fasi Zviria da mizani yovelTvis amarTlebs saSualebas. Tumca, cxadia, gonieri adamiani imazec dafiqrdeba, ra Rirs Tavisufleba aseT upatiosno msoflioSi, sadac iranis religiuri odiozuri reJimis sapirwoned aseTive fanatikuri da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, aseTive lavirebadi `dasavluri demokratia~ gvevlineba. iranel studentebs, romelTac, SesaZloa, qveynis reJimisa da maT Soris sulieri lideris mimarT, raRac iluziebi mainc SerCenodaT, sakuTari saarCevno xmebis dacva sisxlisa da sicocxlis fasad daujdaT; Tanac ise, rom qveynis xelisufleba am mkvlelobebs yvela saSualebiT asaidumloebda da Tavidan gamoacxada, rom ramdenime adamiani mitingze Wyletas Seewira. Tumca erT-erT iranul saitze gamoqveynebuli fotoebi sul sxva rames amtkicebs. morgSi dasvenebuli axalgazrda biWis sxeuli basri sagniT, alesili niCbis piriTaa gafatruli. ase mxecurad mokles aTeulobiT axalgazrda, maT Soris 21 wlis studenti neda, romlis saxelic dasavlurma mediam, etyoba, advilad dasamaxsovrebeli rom iyo, ufro imitomac aitaca da kanoniere-

bisa da TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli iraneli axalgazrdobis simbolod aqcia. am brZolas, romelic Teiranisa da qveynis sxva ramdenime qalaqis mniSvnelovan moednebze mSvidobiani mitingebis saxiT mimdinareobda, fxizlad adevnebda Tvalyurs qveynis uSiSroebisa da policiis samsaxuri. nebismieri Sekreba am samsaxuris kargad gawvrTnil muSakebs, romlebic mimdebare Senobebis banebsa da saxuravebze iyvnen Casafrebulni, mizanSi hyavdaT amoRebuli. Zalovani struqturebis paralelurad, aqtiurad muSaobda saxelisuflebo ideologiis manqana, romelic oficialuri presis meSveobiT yvelanair demagogiur azrs nergavda mosaxleobis farTo fenebSi, anda daumowmeblad uaryofda dasavlur mediaSi gavrcelebul mosazrebebs. Seqmnil situacias kargad agvixsnis kidev erT iranul saitze gamoqveynebuli patara Canaweri: `vin mokla neda?~ `gazeTi `sefah~: `bibisim avantiuristi moisyida da neda mokla!~ `iranis elCi meqsikaSi: `neda amerikis uSiSroebis samsaxurma mokla!~ `iranis oficialuri axali ambebis saagento `irna~: `neda TvalTmaqcebis jgufis (sxvaTa Soris, sainteresoa yuranidan wamosuli am terminis Tanamedrove iranuli gaazreba: `TvalTmaqcebi~ iranelTa ideologiaSi iseT muslimebs ewodebaT, rom-

internetblokirebis uaxlesi sistema iranis islamurma respublikam dasavleTisagan SeiZina. am erTi faqtiTac SesaniSnavad Cans ormagi standartis is rTuli da kargad diferencirebuli sistema, romliTac dasavleTi da kerZod amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi iranis sazogadoebas ekideba.
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lebic garegnulad islams aRiareben da muslimuri religiuri Temis wevrebi arian, magram Sinaganad da farulad am Temis sazianod moqmedeben, radgan ucxoeTis mier arian dafinansebulni) snaiperma mokla~. `Teiranis saparaskevo locvis xelmZRvaneli: `neda TviTon meamboxeebma mokles!~ `nedas eqimi: `neda basijim (xelisuflebis waxalisebiTa da organizebiT Camoyalibebuli naxevrad gasamxedroebuli struqturis wevri; Taviseburi saTadarigo samxedro SenaerTebi mosaxleobaSi) mokla. mkvleli daiWires da misi piradobis mowmoba amoRebulia.

demagogiuri piar-manqana aqtiurad muSaobs imaze, rom xelisuflebisa da, gansakuTrebiT, sulieri lideris yvela saqcieli gaamarTlos, Tumca xalxs, didi xania, zRaprebis aRar sjera da bolodroindelma movlenebma yvelaze mTavari, naxevrad miTiuri aiaTola xameneis poziciebic ki sagrZnoblad Searyia. rogorc Cans, iranelebis erT nawils mainc gulubryvilod sjeroda, rom usamarTloba mxolod qveda rgolebis mier damkvidrebuli movlena iyo da umaRles sasuliero liders bolo dros qveyanaSi datrialebul maxinj movlenebTan saerTo araferi hqonda.

ara mgonia, idumali Zalebis daxmareba gvWirdebodes imis gamosacnobad, ra uTxra da raze gaafrTxila rafsanjanim ali xamenei. cxadia, rom haSemi rafsanjani liders uambobda imaze, rogor gaigona revoluciis fexis xma da moaxloebuli miwisZvris guguni. aseve didi fsiqologiuri kvleva ar aris saWiro imis gasagebad, rom vivaraudoT, ra upasuxa am sityvebze mas ali xameneim: nuras ukacravad, me mohamad reza fahlavi ar gaxlavar! seied ali xameneis Tavisi absoluturi Zalauflebis gadasarCenad arc islamze daswvia guli da arc muslimTa Temze. is mzad aris, sa-

axalgazrda ahmadineJadis winaaRmdeg gamarTul aqciaze, Teirani 2009

01

daskvna: erTma snaiperma, TvalTmaqcebis gavlenis qveS moqceulma basijim, romelsac amboxeba wamoewyo da avantiuristad iTvleboda, `bibisi~sagan, romelic amerikis dazvervis samsaxuris mier imarTeba, fuli aiRo, nedas mkvlelobis Semdeg quCaSi myof erT-erT pirovnebas Tavisi piradobis mowmoba Caabara, TviTon ki miimala~. ar vici, qarTveli auditoriisaTvis ramdenad gasagebi iqneba am postis avtoris daufaravi ironia, magram vfiqrob, erTi ram cxadia, rom iranis xelisuflebas absurduli saSualebebiT uwevs samudamod dakarguli avtoritetis dabruneba.
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2009 wlis saprezidento arCevnebma sruliad sxva sinamdvile gamoaaSkarava. erT-erT iranul vebgverdze hamid meidafis xelmoweriT gamoqveynebul teqstSi vkiTxulobT: `odesRac haSemi rafsanjanim Tavis saparaskevo qadagebaSi ganacxada: 1979 wlis revoluciaSi gamarjveba, Cveni Zalisa da Zlierebis ki ara, Sahis usindisobisa da aRviraxsnilobis Sedegi iyo!~ haSemi rafsanjanim islamuri respublikis sulier liders axlac, jer arCevnebis mimdinareobisas ahmadineJadis aramarTlzomieri qcevis mamxilebeli Ria werili gaugzavna, amis Semdgom ki wavida da piradad eaxla.

Wiroebis SemTxvevaSi, milionobiT iranelis gvams gadaabijos. bolo dReebSi daWrili da mokluli aTeulobiT Cveni Tanamemamulec misTvis mxolod winasabrZolo moTelvaa da sxva araferi. saerTod, am postis gaRizianebuli toni kargad gamoxatavs xalxis ganwyobas islamuri saxelmwifos sulieri lideris misamarTiT. SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac ki sruliad aSkarad Cans, rom xameneim arCevani xalxsa da Zalauflebas Soris Tavisi erTpirovnuli Zalauflebisa da im klanis sasargeblod gaakeTa, romelic am Zalauflebis simyarisa da gaxangrZlivebis garantias iZleva. amjerad klanis meTaurad, gangebisa
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

foto REUTERS / 01 raheb homavandi, 02 stringeri

Tu garemoebaTa damTxvevis wyalobiT, mahmud ahmadineJadi mogvevlina, Torem sxva SemTxvevaSi, mis adgilas aseTive warmatebiT, SesaZloa, mir hosein musavi yofiliyo. amitomac iranelebi kargad xvdebian, sad unda eZebon mTavari damnaSave da amave mizeziT gadaiWeda sparsuli internetsivrce qveynis sasuliero liderisadmi miwerili Ria saprotesto mimarTvebiTa Tu ali xameneis misamarTiT gamoTqmuli kritikuli SeniSvnebiT. erT-erTi avtoris TqmiT: `did saqmeebs didi adamianebi sWirdeba. musavi kargi kacia, amasTan Zalian religiuri da ritualur locvaTa
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moZmeebis, Tanamoqalaqeebis sisxlSi xelebs ar gavisvrio! magram mas im dros rom 200-300 religiuri piri saxrCobelaze Camoekida, axla, am 30 wlis manZilze erT milionze meti mokluli ar gveyoleboda da Tavisufali cxovrebis natvraSi aTasobiT msxverpls ar gaviRebdiT, cixeebSi ar visxdebodiT, ar davitanjebodiT da ar CaviqolebodiT! Cven qarTvelebis, evropelebis msgavsad, iseTi civilizebuli xalxi ar varT, rom xaverdovan revolucias movumzadoT niadagi! yoveldRe vxedavT xameneisa da ahmadiheJadis momxre lumpenproletar fanatikosebs meCeTSi saparaskevo Tu sxva lo-

axalgazrdebi internet kafeSi, Teirani 2009

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom iranis islamuri respublikis oficialurma xelisuflebam Tavidan mTavari damnaSaveebis Zieba swored qveynis gareT, kerZod ki dasavleTSi daiwyo. am xerxs xom xSirad iyenebs xolme yvela warumatebeli xelisufleba Tavisi Secdomebisa da naklis gasamarTleblad.
cvebze, romlebic TiTqos sakuTari saflavebidan gamoqceulan! SexedeT am islamis medroSeebs, dedabrebsac rom ar indoben! amJamindeli moZraobisas iranis istoriaSi pirvelad xdeba, rom sasuliero pirebi avanscenaze aRarsad Canan! es sasikeTo niSnad miviRoT da samSoblos gaTavisuflebis Semdeg es Sav-TeTri reaqcionerebi saerTod gavxvetoT Cveni samSoblodan anu erTxel da samudamod CamovaciloT isini politikasa da sazogadoebriv meTaurobas, yumSi meore vatikani SevuqmnaT da iq mivceT samaradiso TavSesafari!~ damowmebuli vrceli citatidan kargad Cans xalxis ganwyoba, Tumca

zedmiwevniT aRmsrulebeli. revoluciidan dRemde Zalian Seicvala, iseve, rogorc qarubi, magram es ori kaci win ver daudgeba xameneis msgavsi veluri sasuliero pirebis xrovas, romlebic gvelis wiwilebi iyvnen da amasobaSi Sxamian iqedneebad daizardnen. dRes Tavisuflebis mopovebisa da cvlilebaTa gatarebisaTvis saukeTeso Sansi mogveca. musavisac SeuZlia Tavisi saxeli eris istoriaSi Caweros rogorc msxnelma anda, winaaRmdegobis moZraobis daSoSminebiT, saerTod gaqres politikuri avanscenidan~. da kidev erTi citata imave blogidan: `Sahma ganacxada: Cemi Tanaliberali ivlisi #5 2009

am fonze qveynis sasuliero liders Tavi ise eWira, TiTqos mniSvnelovani araferi xdeboda da internetsivrceSi gaparul aseTi Sinaarsis mowodebebs oficialur presasa da nacad ritorikas upirispirebda. ahmadineJadic jer kidev winasaarCevno periodSi patara biWs hgavda, romelic `mamas~ mis mimarT ganxorcielebul Zaladobaze SesCioda. bolo xans ki Tamamad asaxelebda im Sinaur Tu gareSe mowinaaRmdegeebs, vinc mas Riad Tu farulad eqiSpeboda. `me mxolod musavi an qarubi rodi mipirispirdeba, _ ambobda prezidenti, _ maT ukan dgas kargad organizebuli jgufi haSemi rafsanjanisa da xaTamis meTaurobiT. orive maTgans ki dasavluri imperializmi afinansebs~! SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom iranis oficialurma xelisuflebam Tavidan mTavari damnaSaveebis Zieba swored qveynis gareT, kerZod ki dasavleTSi daiwyo. am xerxs xom xSirad iyenebs xolme yvela warumatebeli xelisufleba Tavisi Secdomebisa da naklis gasamarTleblad. magram iranelebs kidev aqvT erTi `damatebiTi~ mizezi dasavleTze saeWvianod: maTi istoriuli gamocdileba Sahis periodSi, rodesac dasavleTis mier warmarTulma arasworma politikam qveyana kraxis piras miiyvana. es mexsiereba jerac cocxalia da amitomac antiamerikuli da antievropuli propaganda jer kidev xvdeba xolme mizanSi! Tumca Tu iranis mmarTveli gundi ufro Rrmad iazrebs momxdaris mizezebs, rodesac Tavis marTlebidan analizze gadainacvlebs, albaT usaTuod dafiqrdeba imazec, ra unda gaakeTos dakarguli avtoritetis aRsadgenad. jerjerobiT xelisuflebam moaxerxa situaciis normalizeba: CaaCuma prezidentobis damarcxebuli kandidatebi, aqtiur saqmianobas Camoacila maTi momxre gavleniani politikosebi, magram ver SeZlo mTavari: dasabuTebuli logikuri pasuxi gaeca saerTo saxalxo ukmayofilebisaTvis, romelic TandaTan Zlierdeba da saWiro dros Tavis xelmZRvanels, vinc ar gaiyideba da aranair muqaras aRar SeuSindeba, Tavisi rigebidan TviTonve amostyorcnis.
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saqarTvelo

elCin Sahmuradovi ojaxTan erTad

mahmadiani mesxebi

gza samSoblosken mesxebis repatriaciis procesi oficialurad jer ar dawyebula,

Tumca ramdenime ojaxi ukve dabrunda saqarTveloSi. istoriul samSobloSi maT bevri problema eliT >>
olesia varTaniani abasTumani, Tbilisi

islam niazovma Tavisi cxovrebis merve aTwleulze istoriul samSobloSi dabruneba gadawyvita. 12 wlis iyo, roca misi ojaxi, stalinis specialuri brZanebiT, saqarTvelodan uzbekeTSi gadaasaxles. xangrZlivi cxovrebis manZilze man araerTi sacxovrebeli adgili gamoicvala da didi ojaxi Seqmna. islams 11 Svili hyavs. ori wlis win man da misma umcrosma vaJma CrdiloeT kavkasiis erT patara sofelSi saxl-kari gayides da adigenis raionis sofel abasTumanSi dasaxldnen. uzbekur `tiubeteikaSi~ gamowyobili, TviTnakeT joxs dayrdnobili jmuxi kaci siamayiT aTvalierebs patara bostans. wels bevri kitri daTesa, Tesli Svilebma gamougzavnes moskovidan. smenaSezRuduli isla24

mi or enaze laparakobs: Turqulis mesxur dialeqtze da uzbekurad. qarTulad erTi sityvac ar icis, Tumca Tavisi qarTuli gvari axsovs. adre igi abulaZe yofila. `Cven kargad gvesmis miwis ena~, _ RimiliT ambobs igi. niazovis ojaxi erT-erTia im rva mesxuri ojaxidan, romlebic am sofelSi ukanaskneli ori wlis ganmavlobaSi gadmosaxldnen. ocamde ojaxi mezobel axalcixis raionSia dasaxlebuli. bevri maTgani uaxloes momavalSi naTesavebis Camosvlas elodeba. niazovi iseve, rogorc danarCenebi ambobs, rom saqarTveloSi Camosvla mas Semdeg gadawyvita, rac sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mesxur saTvistomoebSi xma gavarda, rom mixeil

saakaSvilis mTavroba mzadaa, miiRos isini im miwaze, saidanac 65 wlis win gadaasaxles. Tumca, maT aravin uTxra, ra siZneleebis winaSe aRmoCndebodnen istoriul samSobloSi. 2007 wels parlamentma miiRo repatriaciis Sesaxeb kanoni, romelic mesxebsac exeba. kanoni iTvaliswinebs repatriantis statusis miniWebis procedurebs, Tumca ar aregulirebs Tavad Camosaxlebis process. am kanonis miRebiT saqarTvelos xelisuflebam daiwyo im valdebulebis Sesruleba, romelic 1999 wels evropis sabWoSi gawevrianebisas aiRo. mTavrobaSi acxadeben, rom es valdebuleba ar iTvaliswinebs repatriaciis procesis finansur mxardaWeras mTavrobis mxridan da
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

foto Temo barZimaSvili

Semoifargleba mxolod mesxebis dabrunebisTvis iuridiuli garantiebis SeqmniT. kanonis Tanaxmad, repatriaciis msurvelTa ganacxadebis miReba ivnisis bolos unda dasrulebuliyo, Tumca mesxuri organizaciebis TxovniT, parlamenti am proceduris kidev ori TviT gaxangrZlivebas apirebs. devnilTa da gansaxlebis saministros monacemebiT, ganacxadi 2 aTas 200-ma adamianma Semoitana. maTi umravlesoba dRes azerbaijanis teritoriaze cxovrobs. mesxuri organizaciebis informaciiT,

elCini ambobs, rom mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi maT saqarTvelodan daxmarebas hpirdebodnen da bevr mis nacnobs azerbaijanSi dResac sjera, rom xelisufleba maT sacxovrebeli saxlebis yidvasa da axal adgilze damkvidrebaSi daexmareba.

savaraudod, uaxloes momavalSi azerbaijanidan kidev 5-dan 10 aTas ganacxadamde Semova. repatriaciis daaxloebiT 30 aTasi msurvelia CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis informaciiT, mTel msoflioSi 300 aTasi mesxia gafantuli. 29 wlis elCin Sahmuradovi ojaxTan erTad saqarTveloSi sami Tvis win Camovida. igi ambobs, rom misma mSoblebma da naTesavebma yvela saWiro dokumenti ukve Seagroves da yoveldRe elian repatriantis oficialuri statusis miniWebas, raTa Camovidnen saqarTveloSi da qveynis samxreTSi dasaxldnen. Tavad elCini, sxva mesxebisgan gansxvavebiT, Tavisuflad saubrobs qarTulad. 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi igi azerbaijanSi mcxovreb ramdenime aTeul mesxTan erTad moxalised Cairicxa qarTuli armiis samxedro samsaxurSi. maSin man saqarTvelos moqalaqeobac miiRo. `Cveni moxucebi da mSoblebi aqedan gadaasaxles, roca patarebi viyaviT. gveubnebodnen, rom odesme aucileblad davbrundebodiT saqarTveloSi~, _ hyveba elCini. mas ukve aqvs saxli saqarTveloSi, romlis remonti ukve daiwyo. man azerbaijanSi mTeli Tavisi qoneba gayida da valebic daido, rom soflis ganapiras es saxli eyida. aq arc miwis nakveTi aqvs da

islan niazovi bostanSi

arc samuSao, amitom iseve, rogorc bevri Camosuli mesxi, apirebs samsaxuri azerbaijanSi an TurqeTSi eZebos. elCini ambobs, rom mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi maT saqarTvelodan daxmarebas hpirdebodnen da bevr mis nacnobs azerbaijanSi dResac sjera, rom xelisufleba maT sacxovrebeli saxlebis yidvasa da axal adgilze damkvidrebaSi daexmareba. misi TqmiT, Tu xelisufleba maT daxmarebaze uars etyvis, maSin Zalian cota ojaxi Tu SeZlebs saqarTveloSi sakuTari saxsrebiT saxlis yidvas. `roca bevri ojaxi erTdroulad wamova, azerbaijanSi, Cvens dasaxlebaSi uZrav qonebaze fasi daiwevs. Cvens qarTul sofelSi mxolod xuTi carieli saxli darCa da Tundac ocma ojaxma erTdroulad rom moindomos aq saxlis yidva, am saxlebis fasi moimatebs~. ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros repatriaciis sammarTvelos xelmZRvaneli irakli kokaia ambobs, rom xelisufleba jerjerobiT ar muSaobs msgavs problemebze. misi TqmiT, kanonis Tanaxmad, xelisufleba ar aris valdebuli, daexmaros repatriantebs sacxovrebeli saxlebis SeZenaSi. `yvelafers bazari daaregulirebs: sadac iqneba Tavisufali saxlebi, iq Casaxldebian~, _ ambobs kokaia. garda amisa, am etapze jer ar dawyebula repatriantTa integraciis sakiTxebze muSaobac. mesxebis didma nawilma qarTuli ar icis. `jerjerobiT amaze fiqri naadrevia, _ acxadebs repatriaciis sammarTvelos xelmZRvaneli, _ Cven bevri dro gvaqvs am sakiTxebze samuSaod, vidre Semosul gancxadebebs ganvixilavT~. gadasaxlebamde mesxebi adigenis raionis mosaxleobis umravlesobas Seadgendnen. 1944 wels, lavrenti berias winadadebiT, ramdenime dReSi samxreT saqarTvelodan Sua aziaSi daaxloebiT 90 aTasi mesxi gadaasaxles. mizezad mesxebis TurqebTan naTesaoba, jaSuSuri saqmianoba da bandituri dajgufebebis Camoyalibeba dasaxelda. stalinis gardacvalebis Semdeg mesxebs sabWoTa kavSiris nebismier
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foto Temo barZimaSvili

liberali ivlisi #5 2009

respublikaSi dasaxlebis ufleba miecaT, garda saqarTvelosi. 80-iani wlebis bolos ramdenime disidenturi jgufi, maT Soris zviad gamsaxurdiac, aqtiurad iTxovdnen mesxebis Camosaxlebas. Tumca, xelisuflebaSi mosvlis Semdeg saqarTvelos pirveli prezidentis Sexedulebebi radikalurad Seicvala da daiwyo brZola mesxebis dabrunebis ideis winaaRmdeg. `maSin saqarTveloSi namdvili isteria daiwyo, _ hyveba naira gelaSvili, romelic im dros aqtiurad muSaobda mesxebis sakiTxze, _ im adamianebs, romlebmac Camosvla moaswres, saSinlad aviwrovebdnen~. im periodSi saqarTveloSi 400 mesxi dabrunda. naira gelaSvilis TqmiT, im dros mesxebs Turqebi daarqves da saqarTveloSi kidev erTi `didi Turqobis~ saSiSroebaze alaparakdnen. `mesxebisgan Seqmnes mtris xati, rac adamianebis cnobierebaSi dRemde darCa. xelisuflebebi Semdgomac frTxilobdnen am sakiTxis

gadawyvetas, radgan mosaxleoba winaaRmdegi iyo~. `ratom gvatyuebT? pirdapir gviTxariT, rom Cveni Camosvla ar gindaT~, _ ganacxada qarTvel repatriantTa kavSiris Tavmjdomarem marat baraTaSvilma gasul Tves, repatriaciis problemebis sajaro ganxilvisas. misi organizacia, ukve aT welze metia, muSaobs da erT-erTi yvelaze aqtiuria repatriaciis sakiTxebSi. baraTaSvili, iseve, rogorc mesxuri organizaciebis bevri sxva warmomadgeneli, ar malavs Tavis ukmayofilebas arsebuli kanonisa da imis gamo, rom momavali repatriantebis problemebis gadaWraze aravin zrunavs. axali xelisuflebis mosvlis Semdeg ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi mzaddeboda dokumentebis paketi da gegmebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda warmarTuliyo repatriaciis procesi. maSin mTavari lozungi iyo `Rirseuli repatriaciis~ uzrunvelyofa. xelisuflebas

am saqmeSi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mxridan finansuri daxmarebis miRebis imedi hqonda. 2006 wels es samuSao SeCerda. kanonSi, romelic Semdgom miiRes, mxolod repatriantebis iuridiul statuszea saubari. `Cveni prezidenti da xelisufleba ganze ar unda darCnen. dRes isini swored ase iqcevian, _ ambobs suleiman barbaqaZe, repatriaciis xelSewyobis saerTaSoriso fondis xelmZRvaneli, _ sakuTar ojaxs dabrunebaSi unda daexmaro~. mudam momRimari islam niazovi ambobs, rom axla igi bednieria _ cxovrobs miwaze, saidanac maT uwindeliviT advilad veRar gaagdeben. `ukve aRarasodes gvetyvian, _ wadiT Tqvens samSobloSi~. momavali wlisTvis niazovi saTburis aSenebas apirebs da ruseTidan gamogzavnili bostneulis Teslebs daTesavs. mas imedi aqvs, rom im dResac moeswreba, roca mis sofelSi, aq, saqarTveloSi misi naTesavebi da axloblebic Camovlen.

samcxe-javaxeTi

bolo gaCerebamosaxleobis dune cxovrebas am dasaxlebaSi adgilobrivi

dReSi erTxel mxolod elmavlis kivili arRvevs. aq vale-Tbilisis matareblis bolo gaCerebaa >>
Tamuna uCiZe vale

valeli maRaroelebi

`meSaxteTa qalaqSi~ rom Caxvide, samcxe-javaxeTis administraciuli centridan _ axalcixidan dasavleTiT unda gadauxvio. dangreuli gza da urmebis Wriali miganiSnebT, rom qalaqSi aRar SedixarT. wlebis win aq asfalti yofila, aluminis mavTulxlarTebis gaswvriv ki lampionebi. aqauroba arafriT hgavs vales uaxloes warsuls. meore msoflio omis Semdeg qalaq vales mimdebare teritoriaze qvanaxSiris sabadoebis mosapoveblad oTxma maRarom daiwyo muSaoba. dasaxleba, romelic `meSaxteTa qalaqis~ saxeliT iyo cnobili, vales maxloblad 1950-ian wlebSi gaSenda. komunistebma maRaroebSi samuSaod samasamde qarTveli, somexi da
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

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rusi daasaxles. Tavdapirvelad xis orsarTulian saxlebSi e.w. barakebSi. nel-nela barakebis gverdiT aguris saxlebic gaCnda. amuSavda asfaltis, TabaSiris, Rilebis, qvis safqvavi qarxnebi, iWreba rkina. `meSaxteTa qalaqSi~ Saxtebis guguni aTeuli wlebis win Sewyda. axla zogi maRaro wyliTaa savse, zogi ki dakonservebulia. Tumca, xelmokleobam adgilobrivebs sikvdilis SiSi daaZlevina da, ukve sami welia, `meSaxteebma~ daxuruli maRaro TviTneburad aamuSaves. orTviani muSaobis Semdeg meore Saxta gaxsnes da dRemde qvanaxSirs kustarulad, xeliT ezidebian. 47 wlis giorgi bebnaZe ambobs, rom maRaroSi Sesvla bediswerasTan TamaSs hgavs. `warmoidgineT, yoveldRe 500 metris siRrmeSi CavdivarT, mere daaxloebiT 30 metri aqeT-iqiTaa daqsaqsuli. gareT gamovalT Tu ara, ar viciT, magram SimSili momklavs Tu maRaroSi amomZvreba suli, ra mniSvneloba aqvs?~ _ ambobs igi. masTan erTad qvanaxSiris mopovebaze TviTneburad 15 kaci muSaobs. 46 wlis petre xiTariSvili zafxulSi saqonels mwyemsavs, zamTarSi ki gayidul qvanaxSirSi aRebuli fuliT arCens mravalSvilian ojaxs. adre aq konveierebiT eqvs saaTSi 50-60 tona naxSirs Wridnen. axla ki weraqvebiT mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi or tonasac ver agroveben. vagonebic sinaTleze xeliT gamoaqvT. wiaRiseulis ukanonod mopovebisTvis jarima 1000-dan 1500 laramdea. saTanado licenziis gareSe, wiaRiseuliT sargebloba ki 100-150 lariT jarimdeba. `garemos dacvidan xSirad modian, magram gvirabebidan ar gamovdivarT, vimalebiT. gveubnebian, _ licenzia gaakeTeTo. licenziis yidvas Cven ras SevwvdebiT? arc mTavroba gviSlis xels. xedaven, rom vwvalobT da Semosavalic araferi gvaqvs~, _ ambobs giorgi bebnaZe. adgilobrivebis TqmiT, sami Tvis win maRaroebiT Turqebi dainteresdnen: `movidnen, daaTvalieres, ramdenime natexi naxSiric gavataneT sinjisTvis. erTi suli gvqonda, vfiqrobdiT, _ egeb aamuSavono, _ magram mas Semdeg aRar gamoCenilan.
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

sxva am maRaroebiT dainteresebuli aravin gvinaxavs". is, rom mura naxSiris mopovebaze meore maRaro 47-wliani ijariTaa gacemuli, amis Sesaxeb adgilobrivebma araferi ician. garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis ministris brZanebiT, 2007 wlis 25 dekembers licenzia `saqnaxSiris ji-ai-ji jgufze~ gaica. licenziis mixedviT, TiTqmis 76 milioni tona maragi unda aiTvison. samcxe-javaxeTis garemos dacvis regionuli inspeqciis biuroSi ician, rom valeSi mosaxleoba qvanaxSirs TviTneburad moipovebs, Tumca biuros xelmZRvaneli imeda kaxuraSvili ambobs, rom sul rva inspeqtori hyavs `da xe-tyes adevnon Tvalyuri Tu maRaroebs?~ `meSaxteTa qalaqis~ 97-komlian dasaxlebaSi dasaqmebuli TiTqmis aravinaa. visac Zal-Rone hyofnis, dRiur muSad mezobel sofelSi gadadis. dasaxlebis mkvidrT, romelTa didi nawili javaxeTidan gadmosaxlebuli eTnikuri somexia, Tavad yanebi ar aqvT. cxvars da Zroxasac erTeulebi inaxaven. aq arc sakmarisi miwaa da arc saZovrebi. yofil maRaroelebs zamTarSi ufro meti `klienti~ hyavT. valeSi erTi tona naxSiri asi lari Rirs. `zakazs~ miscem da mogitanen. SeSaze iafi jdeba. tonanaxevars vyidulobT da vizogavT, rom gamovizamTroT~, _ambobs 63 wlis valik varTaniani. zamTari aq adreul Semodgomaze dgeba da Zalian susxiania. cxovreba duned da uxalisod miedineba. aqaurebs uyvarT Zveli drois gaxseneba. odesRac maT dasaxlebaSi restornebi, biblioTeka, klubi, fosta, saavadmyofo da vetpunqtic ki yofila. dRes adgilobrivi mosaxleobis myudroebas yovel diliT, cxra saaTze mxolod elmavlis kivili arRvevs. aq vale-Tbilisis bolo gaCerebaa. sadguris nangrevebidan, xelmarcxniv orsarTuliani Senoba dgas. es erTaderTi moqmedi dawesebulebaa _ orenovani qarTul-somxuri skola, mxolod 9 klasiT. `deficituri skolaa. bavSvebi cotani arian da gveSinia, saministrom ar daxuros~, _ ambobs geo-

grafiis maswavlebeli ekaterine CitaSvili. skolis SesasvlelSi iakob gogebaSvilisa da mesrop maStocis portretebi gverdigverd kidia _ 37 moswavlidan 27 eTnikuri somexia. saRamos oTxi saaTia. skolaSi aRaravinaa. fexqveS iatakis Wriali cariel derefnebSi eqos gamoscems. naxevrad Ria saklaso oTaxebSi mxolod erTi merxi, magida da Rumeli Cans. jer isev dRea, magram saklaso oTaxebSi mainc bnela _ fanjrebze, minebis nacvlad, Ria feris naWrebi da celofanebia akruli. seqtembrisTvis skolas saxuravis SekeTebas adgilobrivi gamgeoba dahpirda, Tumca sxva saremonto samuSaoebze uari uTxres. `erTi biblioTeka gvqonda da ori wlis win isic daixura. sportuli darbazic ara gvaqvs, Zalian mecodeba Cveni bavSvebi~, _ ambobs skolis direqtori naTela aziraSvili. `aravis vaxsovarT am qveyanaze. winasaarCevnodac ki aravin Camodis, roca yvelgan dadian. arc arafers gvpirdebian da arc ausruleblobiT gvwyveten guls~, _ gviTxres aqaurebma.

`meSaxteTa qalaqis~ 97-komlian dasaxlebaSi dasaqmebuli TiTqmis aravinaa. visac ZalRone hyofnis, dRiur muSad mezobel sofelSi gadadis. dasaxlebis mkvidrT, romelTa didi nawili javaxeTidan gadmosaxlebuli eTnikuri somexia, Tavad yanebi ar aqvT. cxvars da Zroxasac erTeulebi inaxaven. aq arc sakmarisi miwaa da arc saZovrebi.
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konfliqtebi

sergei baRafSi

afxazeTi

brZola afxazeTis prezidentobisTvis xelisuflebam da opoziciam gansxvavebulad Seafases

valmer buTbas dapatimreba >>
anton kriveniuki soxumi

oCamCireSi 7 ivliss gamarTul sasamarTlo procesze gadawyda, rom polkovniki valmer buTba sagamoZiebo RonisZiebebis Catarebis periodSi patimrobaSi darCeboda. mas bralad edeba iaraRis ukanono tareba da Senaxva. dakavebidan aTi dRis manZilze buTbas naTesavebma da opoziciam yvela Rone ixmares mis gasaTavisufleblad, Tumca araferi gamouvidaT. opoziciis versiiT afxazeTis specsamsaxurebis erT-erTi damfuZneblis dakavebiT xelisufleba cdilobs opoziciuri Zalebis demoralizebas da sakuTari Zalis demonstrirebas. ekonomikuri ganviTarebis partiaSi, romlis lideria beslan buTba da romelic, savaraudod, axlandeli prezidentis mTavari metoqe iqneba momaval arCevnebSi, miaCniaT, rom es yvelaferi
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konkretulad partiis poziciebisa da misi lideris sawinaaRmdegod xdeba. valmer buTba opoziciuri partiis lideris dacvaze iyo pasuxismgebeli. is swored maSin daapatimres, rodesac partiul aqtivTan Sexvedris Semdeg galis raionidan dabrunebul beslan buTbas korteJs acilebda. gavleniani polkovnikis dakavebis Seaxeb xelisuflebis komentarebi Zunwia. axlaxan prezidentma sergei baRafSma axalgazrdobasTan Sexvedraze movlenebis Sefasebisas ganacxada, rom omSi buTbas damsaxurebas aravin akninebs, Tumca arsebobs kanoni, `da Tu man is daarRvia, pasuxi unda agos~. valmer buTbas araerTgvarovani reputacia aqvs. afxazebisTvis is gmiria, romelmac omis dros dazverva Seqmna da batalionebis meTaurTa Soris

dRemde didi avtoritetiT sargeblobs. saqarTveloSi buTbas teroristad Tvlian. rogorc afxazeTSi amboben, jer kidev ramdenime wlis winaT qarTuli specsamsaxurebi buTbaSi did fuls ixdidnen. swored amitom Sexvdnen omis monawileebi ase uaryofiTad polkovnikis dapatimrebis ambavs. ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi afxazeTis Sss-s SenobasTan, sadac am saqmesTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo sxdomebi imarTeboda, buTbas naTesavebi, yofili meomrebi da opoziciis warmomadgenlebi ikribebodnen. 30 ivniss gaimarTa yvelaze xalxmravali aqcia, romelSic 400-ze meti adamiani monawileobda. valmer buTbas advokatebs miaCniaT, rom es procesi gamogonilia, xolo polkovnikisadmi wayenebuli bralliberali ivlisi #5 2009

foto REUTERS / tomas piteri

debebi _ politikuri. advokati omar berulava, romelic buTbas interesebs icavs, acxadebs, rom am procesze sisxlis samarTlis procesualuri kanonmdeblobis uamravi darRveva moxda. `am qveyanaSi ar arsebobs damoukidebeli sasamarTlo sistema, da es procesi amis TvalsaCino dasturia. saxelmwifos meTaurma sasamarTlo sxdomamde erTi dRiT adre, Cemi dacvis qveS myofis naTesavebTan Sexvedrisas ganaCeni winaswar gamoitana~, _ ambobs berulava. sasamarTlos Semadgenloba samjer Seicvala im aT dReSi, rac polkovnikis dakavebidanaa gasuli. telearx `abazas~ mier gadaRebuli kadrebidan Cans, Tu rogor ukankalebs erT-erT mosamarTles xelebi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis wakiTxvisas. bolo dReebis ganmavlobaSi gavrcelda informacia, TiTqos valmer buTbas wauyeneben braldebas, romelic iaraRis Senaxvas ar ukavSirdeba. Tumca gamoZieba swored iaraRis ukanonod tarebisa da Senaxvis danaSauls ganixilavs. afxazuri sazomebiT, es marTlac ucnauri braldebaa. iaraRi saxlSi yvela rezervists aqvs. valmer buTba ki, rogorc gamoZiebam daadgina, afxazeTis yofili prezidentis vladislav arZinbas mier misTvis naCuqar pistolets flobda, aseve hqonda avtomatic, romelic man galis raionSi Catarebuli kontrteroristuli operaciis Semdeg nadavlad moipova. polkovnikis momxreebi im faqtzec amaxvileben yuradRebas, rom misi sicocxle mudam safrTxeSi iyo, ris gamoc, iaraRis tareba buTbasTvis Tavdacvis saSualebas warmoadgenda. rezervist Temur kortavas miaCnia, rom buTbas dapatimreba saxifaTo tendenciaa. `Cven amas aRviqvamT im gmirebis winaaRmdeg dawyebul kampaniad, vinc Cveni saxelmwifo sakuTari xelebiT Seqmna. etyoba, xelisuflebas meomari adamianebis eSinia~, _ ambobs kortava. soxumis mkvidri, larisa cuSba aseve polkovnikis dapatimrebis winaaRmdeg gamodis. `buTbaze qarTvelebi didxans nadirobdnen. misi daWeriT Cveni xelisufleba faqtobrivad qarTvelebis SekveTas asrulebs~, _ ambobs cuSba. politolog irakli xintbas azriT ki, ra motivebic unda arsebobdes buTbas dasapatimreblad, es xels uSlis afxazeTSi stabilurobis SenarCunebas. miuxedavad imisa, rom winasaarCevliberali ivlisi #5 2009

no kampania afxazeTSi oficialurad mxolod Semodgomaze daiwyeba, xelisuflebisa da opoziciis dapirispireba ukve Zalian SesamCnevia. Oopozicia xelisuflebas Tavis momxreebze zewolis gaZlierebaSi adanaSaulebs. gaerTianebuli opozicia _ rogorc aseTi, jer ar arsebobs. da miuxedavad amisa, sxvadasxva opoziciurma Zalam erToblivad ukve sakmao raodenobis aqciebi gamarTa. maT xelmZRvanelebTan daaxloebuli wyaroebiT cnobili gaxda, rom met-naklebad gavleniani partiebi da moZraobebi gaerTianebaze TaTbiroben. am molaparakebebis mTavari monawileebi arian _ beslan buTba, raul xajimba, prezident arZinbas yofili TanaSemwe, astamur tania da vadim smiri, omis veteranTa moZraobis, `aruaas~ lideri. saxalxo erTobis forumi _ didi opoziciuri partia, am Tvis bolos gegmavs yrilobis Catarebas, sadac SesaZloa, moqmedi xelisuflebis oponentTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb ganacxadon. opozicias xelisuflebisTvis warsadgenad ukve aqvs pretenziebis vrceli nusxa. es aris afxazeTis mTel teritoriaze opoziciur arx `abazas~ mauwyeblobisTvis xelis SeSla, damoukidebeli gazeTebis daxurvis mcdeloba da, bolos da bolos, valmer buTbas dakaveba. da mainc, dRes bevr damkvirvebels miaCnia, rom yvelaze mkveTri dapirispireba xelisuflebasa da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis partias Sorisaa, kerZod ki _ prezident sergei baRafSsa da beslan buTbas Soris. politologi irakli xinTba miiCnevs, rom am dapirispirebis ramdenime mizezi arsebobs. `opoziciurad ganwyobil politikosTagan buTbam pirvelma ganacxada, rom am saprezidento arCevnebSi kenWisyras apirebs. man sakuTari Tavi opoziciis liderad waradgina. garda amisa, is efeqturi winasaarCevno kampaniisTvis aucilebel finansur saxsrebsac flobs. swored am yvelaferma gamoiwvia xelisuflebis aseTi mkveTri reaqcia~, _ ambobs xinTba. opoziciidan, buTbas garda, jer aravis ganucxadebia saprezidento ambiciebis Sesaxeb. raul xajimbas gaerTianebuli opoziciis lideroba pirvelxarisxovnad ar miaCnia. vadim smirma ganacxada, rom veteranTa moZraoba `aruaa~ mxars dauWers 1992 -1993 wlebis omis uSualo monawile

liders, da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar miemxroba premier-ministr aleqsandr anqvabs. Tavis mxriv, prezidentma sergei baRafSmac ganacxada meore vadiT saprezidento arCevnebSi monawileobaze sakuTari gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb. ase rom, arsebobs afxazuri politikuri procesis ori monawile, romlebmac calsaxad ganacxades sakuTari saprezidento ambiciebis Sesaxeb _ sergei baRafSi da baslan buTba. amitomac, am etapze brZola swored maT Sorisaa gaCaRebuli. saxelmwifo arxisa da misi erTaderTi konkurentis, beslan buTbas kuTvnili telearx `abazas~ samauwyeblo qselebi naTel warmodgenas qmnian, Tu rogor ideologiur bazaze aageben xelisufleba da opozicia TavianT winasaarCevno strategiebs. xelisufleba yuradRebas amaxvilebs axal gzebze, ganaxlebul Teatrebze, filarmoniasa da socialuri infrastruqturis obieqtebze. opozicia laparakobs mcire biznesis daxmarebaze, soflis aRorZinebaze. mTlianobaSi opoziciis ideologia afxazeTis mmarTveli elitis ganaxlebis aucileblobas ar gulisxmobs. opozicia mkacrad akritikebs xelisuflebas, misi azriT, im warumatebeli proeqtebis gamo, rogoricaa rusuli mxarisTvis mmarTvelobaSi rkinigzis gadacema da navTobsabadoebis aTvisebis gegmebi. afxazeTis prezidenti baRafSi ki opozicias populizmSi sdebs brals da acxadebs, rom opoziciis mTeli demarSi mxolod winasaarCevno kampanias ukavSirdeba da ara qveynis realur ganviTarebaze zrunvas.

afxazebisTvis butba gmiria, romelmac omis dros dazverva Seqmna da batalionebis meTaurTa Soris dRemde didi avtoritetiT sargeblobs. saqarTveloSi buTbas teroristad Tvlian. rogorc afxazeTSi amboben, qarTuli specsamsaxurebi buTbaSi did fuls ixdidnen.
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ekonomika

ruseTi da msoflio savaWro organizacia

sami erTze qarTul mTavrobas rusulma diplomatiam

kidev erTi Tavsatexi gauCina >>
revaz sayevariSvili

koleqtiuri usafrTxoebis xelSekrulebis organizaciis Sexvedra, 10 ivnisi 2009

medvedevis administraciam gadawyvita, gaaaqtiuros qveynis vaWrobis msoflio organizaciaSi (vmo) gawevrianebisTvis brZola, oRond amjerad ukve ara erTpirovnulad, aramed mniSvnelovnad `gafarToebuli formatiT~. `gafarToebuli formati~ am SemTxvevaSi, arc meti, arc naklebi, Semdegs gulisxmobs: vmo-Si gasawevrianeblad ruseTi ibrZolebs ara damoukideblad, aramed moqmedi sabaJo kavSiris egidiT _ anu yazaxeTTan da belarusTan erTad. satelitebs reaqcia ar dauyovnebiaT _ nazarbaevma da lukaSenkom ganacxades, rom ruseTis am iniciativis sawinaaRmdego araferi aqvT da misi realizebisTvis Zal-Rones ar daiSureben. saqarTvelo SeiZleba kidev ufro mwvave dilemis winaSe dadges _ an mxari dauWiros samive qveynis erTdroul gaerTianebas vmo-Si, an samives erTad gadauRobos gza. nakli (da Tanac seriozuli) orive scenars aqvs: Tu sa30

qarTvelo mxars dauWers triadis msoflio savaWro klubSi Sesvlas, Cveni qveyana sabolood dakargavs im berkets, romelic ruseTze gavlenis moxdenis TiTqmis erTaderT iaraRad SemorCa; im SemTxvevaSi ki, Tu saqarTvelo dablokavs sameulis vmo-Si Sesvlas, yazaxeTTan da belarusTan usiamovnebebis didi albaToba Cndeba. scilas da qaribdas Soris arCevani sakmaod sariskoa. Tu ruseTi gaxdeba vmo-s wevri, amaod Caivlis saqarTvelos mravalwliani Zalisxmeva. Cveni qveyana, bolo ramdenime welia, ruseTis vmo-Si Sesvlas qveynebs Soris sazRvris afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis monakveTebze arsebuli ukanono sakontrolo-gamSvebi punqtebis gamo aferxebda. ase rom, axla, rodesac ruseTma es teritoriebi ukve damoukidebel saxelmwifoebad aRiara, vmo-s berkets kidev ufro meti fasi daedo _ am organizaciaSi saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobas eWvqveS aravin

ayenebs da fsouc da rokic ruseT-saqarTvelos sazRvrad miaCniaT. TiTqos yvelaferi cxadia _ ruseTi vmo-Si ar unda SevuSvaT. magram `xurdaSi moyolil~ yazaxeTs da belaruss raRa vuyoT? belarusis lideri dRemde uZlebs rusul wnexs da afxazeTis da oseTis aRiarebisgan Tavs ikavebs. belarusis vmo-Si gawevrianebis Seferxebam (ruseTTan erT navSi yofnis gamo) ki, SesaZloa, swored es TavSekaveba daarRvios da belarusi, ruseTis kvalad, afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis damoukideblebad cnobis sakiTxze aalaparakos. kidev ufro rTuladaa saqme yazaxeTTan mimarTebiT, romelic saqarTveloSi solidur sainvesticio proeqtebsac axorcielebs da sakuTari tvirTebis mniSvnelovan nawilsac saqarTvelos gavliT amoZravebs. ase rom, yazaxeTis vmo-Si Sesvlis dablokva saqarTvelos swored am sikeTeebis dakargviT emuqreba, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, sxva, ufro politikurad Seferil safrTxeebze. ai, aseTi riskebis winaSe daayena saqarTvelo axali rusuli TamaSis
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

wamowyebam. da Tu qveyanam am sakiTxSi oqros Sualedis gamonaxva ver moaxerxa, gamoricxuli sulac ar aris yvelaze pesimisturi scenaris amoqmedeba. aravisTvis sadavo ar aris, rom, ruseTis msgavsad, yazaxeTsa da belarussac didi ekonomikebi aqvT da arsebobs mravalmxrivi interesi, rom es qveynebi vmo-Si Sevidnen da erTian, saerTaSorisod unificirebul vaWrobis wesebs daemorCilon. amis Taobaze araerTxel sajarod ganacxada vmo-s generalurma direqtorma, yofilma evrokomisarma vaWrobis sakiTxebSi paskal lamim, romlis azriTac, vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis arseboba azrs dakargavs, Tu masSi ruseTi da sxva didi saxelmwifoebi ar gaerTiandnen. msoflios ekonomikurma forumma axlaxan gamoaqveyna reitingi, romlis mixedviTac, ruseTi, msoflio vaWrobaSi integraciis Tavisuflebis xarisxis mixedviT, erT-erT ukanasknel adgilzea _ 121 qveyanas Soris mas 109-e adgili ukavia. arada, saubaria qveyanaze, romlis samomxmareblo bazaric msoflioSi erT-erTi udidesi da sxvaze naklebad pretenziulia. amitomac vmo da misi wevri qveynebi yvelanairad dainteresebulni arian, ruseTi msoflio savaWro klubSi ixilon, miT ufro, Tavis or satelitTan _ belarusTan da yazaxeTTan erTad. aqedan gamomdinare,

droTa ganmavlobaSi Zalian aqtualuri gaxdeba movlenaTa ganviTarebis SesaZlo scenarebis da maTgan momavali riskebis identificireba. radikaluri scenaris mixedviT, saqarTvelom unda dablokos sami qveynis erTdrouli Sesvla vmo-Si, sanam samTagan erTTan _ ruseTTan urTierTobebs ar moawesrigebs. Tumca, rTulia viwinaswarmetyveloT, ramdenad gagebiT moekidebian am nabijs rusuli gavlenebiT da kapitaliT uxvad nakvebi yazaxeTi da belarusi. Tumca, arsebobs sxva scenaric: saqarTvelom, SesaZloa, ar Seaferxos `samTa kavSiris~ vmo-Si Sesvla da es nabiji, erTi mxriv, ruseTTan urTierTobebis mogvarebis surviliT, meore mxriv, ruseTze vmo-s wesebiT gavlenis moxdenis SesaZleblobis gaCeniT, mesame mxriv ki, yazaxeTTan da belarusTan urTierTobebis SenarCunebis aucileblobiT gaamarTlos. Tumca, nebismier SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos xelisuflebas sakuTari amomrCevlisTvis mouwevs imis axsna, ratom aris misaRebi aseTi daTmobebi okupantebTan. asea Tu ise, faqtia, rom saqarTvelos adre Tu gvian mainc aucileblad mouxdeba arCevanis gakeTeba: gaagrZelos amJamad dasaxuli kursi da ruseTis vmo-Si Sesvla kvlavac Seaferxos, an gadasinjos am midgomis siswore da efeqtianoba. am arCevanis gakeTeba dRes kidev ufro garTulebulia im

garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom angariSgasawevi iqneba ukve ara mxolod moskovis, aramed minskis da astanis azric. risks zrdis da skeptikur damokidebulebas aZlierebs is garemoebac, rom am sakiTxSi saqarTvelo namdvilad ver daikvexnis Tanmimdevruli politikiT. man erTxel ukve dauWira mxari ruseTis vmo-Si gawevrianebas da es qveynebs Soris urTierTobebis daTbobis survilis gamoxatulebad monaTla, magram Semdgom, rusuli embargos dawesebis kvalobaze, Tanxmoba gaauqma da Crdiloeli mezoblis msoflio savaWro klubSi gawevrianebas jerjerobiT gadaulaxav barierad daudga. dRes es sakiTxi axlebur mniSvnelobas iZens da kidev ufro met da mizanmimarTul brZolas moiTxovs. erTaderTi, rac saqarTvelos mxaresaa, ara misi poziciis siZliere da Tanmimdevrulobaa, an Tundac partniori qveynebis sruli mxardaWera, aramed _ banaluri qronologiuri faqtori. saimisod, rom ruseTma sakuTari gegma realobad aqcios da vaWrobis msoflio organizaciaSi gawevrianebaze sami saxelmwifos erToblivi ganacxadi Seitanos, droa saWiro; dro, romelmac regionsa da msoflioSi viTareba saqarTvelos sasargeblod SeiZleba Secvalos da sakiTxis naklebad mtkivneulad mogvarebis SesaZlebloba gaaCinos.

`ruseTis rkinigzis~ politikuri SenaZeni

rusuli `mkvdari arxebze kontrols aZlierebs >> maryuJi~ ruseTi saqarTvelos satranzito
revaz sayevariSvili

rusulma saxelmwifo monopoliam _ saaqcio sazogadoeba `ruseTis rkinigzam~ kompania `bleq si feri investmentis~ aqciaTa sakontrolo paketi SeiZina. es kompania rusuli port kavkazidan foTis portamde tvirTebis saborne gadazidvas axorcielebs. `ruseTis rkinigzis~ mier kavkazi-foTis saborne gadasasvlelis operatori kompaniis Sesyidvis Sesaxeb erevanSi `ruseTis rkinigzis~ vice-prezidentma, aWaris yofilma premierma avTandil gorgilaZem ganacxada (gorgilaZes aWaris premieris posti aslan abaSiZis mmarTvelobis periodSi ekava, manamde
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

gaero-Si ruseTis warmomadgenlobaSi muSaobda, aWaridan wasvlis Semdeg ki `ruseTis rkinigzis~ sabaJo-sabrokero saqmianobis sammarTvelos ufrosi iyo). eqspertebis gaTvlebiT, rusulma monopoliam am aqtivSi, savaraudod, 5 milionamde dolari gadaixada. `bleq si feri investmenti~ ruseTidan somxeTSi saqarTvelos gavliT tvirTebis gadasazidad Seiqmna. mis gegmaSia kavkazidan samsunisken axali saborne gadasasvlelis gaxsnac. `ruseTis rkinigzaSi~ ar malaven, rom orive xazs aqtiurad gamoiyeneben 2014 wlis soWis olimpiadisTvis saWiro tvirTebis gadasa-

zidad, rac droTa ganmavlobaSi sul ufro met aqtualobas SeiZens. foTi-kavkazis borani 2007 wels amoqmedda, 2008 wels ki ukve 3 milioni tona sxvadasxva kategoriis tvirTi gadazida. marTalia, tvirTebis udidesi nawilis gadazidva amJamadac foTiiliCovskis borniT xdeba, magram `ruseTis rkinigza~ amieridan tvirTbrunvis gazrdas swored foTi-kavkazis borniT apirebs, rac regionSi tvirTbrunvis marSrutebis da moculobebis seriozuli gadajgufebis safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes. Tavisi SinaarsiT es mxolod ekono31

mikuri mniSvnelobis faqtori rom ar aris da mas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, tradiciuli politikuri berketis forma miecema, `ruseTis rkinigzis~ pozicionirebiT da misi saaqcio da mflobelobiTi struqturiTac naTlad dasturdeba. saaqcio sazogadoeba `ruseTis rkinigzis~ erTaderTi aqcioneria ruseTis federaciis mTavroba. mTavrobis pirdapir daqvemdebarebaSi arsebul mis direqtorTa sabWos pirveli vicepremieri, putinis Tanaqalaqeli aleqsandr Jukovi xelmZRvanelobs. Sesabamisad, `ruseTis rkinigzis~ mTeli aqtivobebi rom pirdapiri saxelisuflo kuraciis sferoSia da ruseTis saxelmwifo politikis Sesabamisad viTardeba, eWvgareSea. ase rom, Savi zRvis frontze rusuli politikis ekonomikuri sacecebi tvirTebis gadazidvis arxebs sul ufro mWidrod exveva gars da Tavisi gavlenis maqsimalur gazrdas cdilobs. igive procesi, oRond cota Sesxvaferebuli saxiT, kaspiispireTSic ikrebs axal Zalebs. iqac rusuli saxelmwifo kapitalis poziciebis gamyareba gacilebiT farTomasStabian xasiaTs iZens. politikurad da ekonomikurad rTul aprilSi baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadeniT yazaxuri navTobis gadazidva kidev ufro Semcirda. rekorduli Tebervlis Semdeg, roca saqarTvelos rkinigziT 240,2 aTasi tona gadaizida, martSi es maCvenebeli 152,8 aTas tonamde Semcirda, aprilSi ki _ 137,7 aTas tonamde. Sedegad, aprilis maCvenebeli wlis ganvlil TveebSi yvelaze dabali aRmoCnda. igive tendencia kidev ufro gaZlierda maissa da ivnisSic. aqedan gamomdinare, sanavTobo tvirTebis klebas moelian `saqarTvelos

kaspiidan Sav zRvamde tvirTzidvis arxebis gasakontroleblad rusuli saxelmwifo kompaniebi axal oms iwyeben, romlis mizanic rusuli interesis mTel regionze gavrceleba da ekonomikuradac sakuTar marwuxebSi moqcevaa.
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rkinigzazec~, sadac ori msxvili kontraqtori _ `Sevroni~ da `eqsoni~ saqarTveloze tvirTebis gatarebis alternatiul saTadarigo marSrutebs eZebs. es procesi am etapze ar atarebs gamokveTilad aqtiur xasiaTs, Tumca, politikuri ryevebis da maRali satranzito fasebis gamo, msxvil navTobkompaniebs saqarTvelos mimarTuleba Tavis tkivilad rom eqcaT, cxadia. am faqtorebs rusuli saxelmwifo (da arasaxelmwifoc) kompaniebi yvelanairad rom waaxaliseben, sadavo arc esaa. Tumca, rusuli kapitalis `dawola~ am mimarTulebaze mxolod msgavsi aqtivobebiT ar Semoifargleba. mas aqvs meore, aranakleb angariSgasawevi mxarec, romelic aseve ikrebs Zalebs. rogorc yazaxi, aseve maTi partniori, maT Soris, qarTveli navTobtreiderebis da sarkinigzo gadamzidavebis erT-erTi yvelaze msxvili kreditori yazaxeTis umsxvilesi komerciuli banki `bi-Ti-ei bankia~, romlis Sesyidvasac aseve ruseTis umsxvilesi saxelmwifo banki `sberbanki~ apirebs. Tu `sberbanki~ yazaxuri bankis mflobeli gaxda, is avtomaturad daeufleba wilebs mis yvela Svilobil bankSi, maT Soris `bi-Ti-ei bank saqarTveloSic~ da saSualeba miecema, bazarze moqmed gadamzidavebs da treiderebs sakuTari pirobebi ufro mkacrad ukarnaxos. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `sberbankis~ gavlena am biznesze mniSvnelovani (Tu gadamwyveti ara) gaxdeba. `sberbankis~ rusuli saxelmwifo politikis konteqstSi yofna `ruseTis rkinigzaze~ kidev ufro metad TvalsaCinoa. qveynis umsxvilesi saxelmwifo bankis sameTvalyureo sabWos ruseTis centraluri bankis mmarTveli, putinis kidev erTi Tanaqalaqeli sergei ignatievi xelmZRvanelobs. mis garda, sameTvalyureo sabWoSi lamis ruseTis mTeli mTavrobaa Cabudebuli: pirveli vice-premieri da finansTa ministri aleqsei kudrini, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministri elvira nabiulina, ruseTis prezidentis TanaSemwe arkadi dvorkoviCi, ruseTis sapensio fondis gamgeobis Tavmjdomare anton drozdovi, centraluri bankis mmarTvelos 5 moadgile da sxvebi. `sberbankis~ gamgeobis Tavmjdomare da prezidenti ki german grefi gaxlavT _ kaci, romelsac 2000-dan 2007 wlamde ruseTis ekonomikis ministris posti ekava da misi saxelmwifo politikis

erT-erTi yvelaze aqtiuri gamtarebeli iyo. 7 wlis manZilze vladimer putins, grefis garda, arc erTi ministri ar SeunarCunebia. ase rom, saqarTvelos satranzito derefans da mis marTvas pirdapir da iribad ori rusuli saxelmwifo kompania epotineba, romlebic rusuli politikuri gavlenebis gavrcelebis tradiciuli berketic aris xolme. sagulisxmoa, rom Tu qarTul sabanko seqtorSi `sberbanki~ Semova, amiT rusuli saxelmwifo sabanko instituciebi saqarTveloSi mdgomareobas aseve gaiZliereben, radgan aq ukve meore msxvili rusuli saxelmwifo banki _ `vi-Ti-bi banki~ aqtiurad moRvaweobs da farTovdeba. `vi-Ti-bi bankis~ gamgeobis Tavmjdomare andrei kostinic `ruseTis rkinigzis~ direqtorTa sabWos wevria, misi banki ki _ rusuli rkinigzis erT-erTi msxvili damkreditebeli. amdenad, kaspiidan Sav zRvamde tvirTzidvis arxebis gasakontroleblad rusuli saxelmwifo kompaniebi axal oms iwyeben. oms, romlis mizanic kvlavindeburad martivia _ rusuli interesis mTel kavkasia-kaspiispireTis regionze gavrceleba da ekonomikuradac sakuTar marwuxebSi moqceva. swored amave konteqstSia is garigebac, romelic rusuli saxelmwifo politikis kidev erTma berketma _ `gazpromma~ azerbaijanTan dado. am garigebiT ruseTi mzadaa, azerbaijanis gazi rekordul fasad _ aTasi kuburi metri 350 dolarad iyidos; da es im fonze, roca evropis qveynebi ukve evropaSi Setanil gazSi 280 dolars gadaixdian. am garigebaSi yvelaferia _ ekonomikuri gaTvlebis da mizanSewonilobis garda. samagierod, misi qveteqstia politikurad mizanSewonili. es aris `gazpromis~ (anu ruseTis saxelmwifos) deklarirebuli mzadyofna, Sah-denizis sabadodan (`nabukos~ mTavar saresurso bazaze) mopovebuli bunebrivi airis mTliani odenobis Sesyidvis Taobaze. rusuli ekonomikuri eqspansia kavkasiisa da kaspiispireTis regionebSi axleburi ekonomikuri modeliT iwyebs ganviTarebas; modeliT, romelic mTeli am sivrcis milsadenebis, satransporto arxebis da finansuri nakadebis rusuli qolgis qveS koncentrirebas emsaxureba.
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

rusuli kapitali afxazeTSi

saokupacio komunikacia rusulma fiWurma operatorma afxazuri operatoris

aqciaTa sakontrolo paketi Seisyida >>
revaz sayevariSvili

megafoni afxazeTSi, 2009

rusuli fiWuri kavSirgabmulobis kompania `megafonma~ Tavis wliur angariSSi oficialurad aRiara, rom afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionis teritoriebze ukanonod moRvaweobs. `megafonma~ wels martSi 935 milion rublad kompania `debton investmenti~ SeiZina, romelic, Tavis mxriv, afxazuri mobiluri operatori `akvafonis~ da osuri `ostelekomis~ aqciaTa 51%-s flobs. `megafoni~ saqarTvelos teritoriaze ukanono saqmianobisaTvis komunikaciebis erovnulma komisiam orjer _ 5 da 500 aTasi lariT daajarima. Tumca, rusul kompanias jarima ar gadauxdia. axla cxinvalis regionSi da afxazeTSi saqmianobis gaaqtiurebis fonze is ukve pirdapir xvdeba okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb kanonis sanqciebis arealSi, rac misi saqmianobis saerTaSoriso devnasac gulisxmobs. is, rom rusulma fiWurma operatorma afxazuri operatoris aqciaTa sakontrolo paketi 28 milion aSS dolarad iyida, araoficialurad cnobili gaxda jer kidev SarSan, wlis bolos. Tumca, rusuli gazeTi `veliberali ivlisi #5 2009

domosti~ maSin iuwyeboda, rom `akvafons~ `megafoni~ realurad ukve SarSandeli zafxulidan akontrolebda. Tavad `akvafonis~ SefasebiT, kompania afxazeTSi yovel meore moqalaqes emsaxureba. is ukve mexuTe welia, momxmareblebs GSM-standartis momsaxurebas uwevs, xolo 2007 wlidan mesame Taobis servisi danerga. 2006 wlidan afxazeTSi meore operatorma _ `a-mobailmac~ daiwyo saqmianoba. es kompania afxazma da rusma mewarmeebma erToblivad daaarses. rac Seexeba `megafons~, is ruseTSi fiWuri operatorebis `did sameulSi~ Sedis da agresiuli marketingiT gamoirCeva. am zRvargadasuli da saqarTvelos sazRvarsgadmosuli agresiulobis gamo, is orjer ukve dajarimda kidec, Tumca, verc dakisrebuli jarimis misgan amoReba moaxerxa vinmem da verc misi ukanono saqmianobis SezRudva. metic: SarSan agvistoSi, saomari moqmedebebis dros iyo momenti, roca qarTuli fiWuri kavSirgabmulobis signali gorsa da mis mimdebare soflebis monakveTze ar vrceldeboda. `magTis~, `jeoselis~ da `bilainis~

nacvlad, gorsa da goris mimdebare teritoriebze rusuli fiWuri kavSirgabmulobis kompania `megafonis~ signali moqmedebda. gorSi `megafonis~ signalma adgilobrivi fiWuri operatorebis signali CaaxSo da goris mcxovrebTa mobilurma telefonebma `megafonis~ signalis miReba daiwyo. maSin `megafonSi~ Riad ganacxades, rom ruseTis mTavrobis moTxovniT, samxreT oseTis regionSi ramdenime moZravi sabazo sadguri gaagzavnes, romlebic cxinvalSi arsebul komutatorebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. omis dros qarTuli mxaris saziano komunikacia swored `megafonis~ meSveobiT xorcieldeboda. Tumca, amisTvis `megafons~ araTu pasuxi ver moeTxova, aramed uaxloes xanebSi arapirdapir, magram mainc SeuZlia gazardos Tavisi gavlena qarTul sakomunikacio bazarze. `jeoselis~ mflobeli Svedurfinuri `Telia-sonera~, SesaZloa, `vimpelkomis~ aqcioneric gaxdes. es im SemTxvevaSi moxdeba, Tu rusuli `megafoni~ konkurentis _ `vimpelkomis~ aqciaTa 5%-ian pakets SeiZens. `vimpelkomi~ `bilainis~ mflobelia, `Telia-sonera~ ki _ `megafonis~ umsxvilesi aqcioneri. is kompaniis aqciaTa 35,6%-s pirdapir, 8,2%-s ki Svilobili kompaniis meSveobiT akontrolebs. `megafonsa~ da `vimpelkoms~ Soris garigebis dadebis SemTxvevaSi, `Telia-sonera~, rogorc `megafonis~ erT-erTi ZiriTadi aqcioneri, saqarTvelos bazarze ori fiWuri operatoriT iqneba warmodgenili. Tumca, amaze ufro metad saintereso is sakiTxia _ ratom ar iyenebs saqarTvelos mTavroba Tavisive inicirebul okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb kanons; an Svedur-finur `Telia-soneras~ ratom ar aqvs aranairi diskomforti imis gamo, rom misi Svilobili `megafoni~ araRiarebul, aralegalur sivrceSi, kanonis sruli ignorirebiT saqmianobs?
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nobelianti robert mandeli saqarTveloSi

qarTuli lari, msoflio krizisi da nobelis premiaeloda, rom moismenda nobeliant robert mandelis leqciis win auditoria
msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis safuZvlian analizs; aseve laris gauqmebisa da misi dolariT Secvlis saWiroebis dasabuTebasac. am ori didi molodinidan pirveli gadaWarbebiT asrulda, meore ki mTlianad gacruvda >>
levan roiniSvili konsultanti marTvis sakiTxebSi, kompania PURPLESHEEP

robert mandeli

ukve ramdenime Tvea, rac saqarTveloSi dolariT laris Canacvlebis Tema muSavdeba, magram aman farTo mxardaWera ver hpova. mandels ki aqvs unikaluri akademiuri unari, qveynebs xeli aaRebinos sakuTar valutaze. dReisaTvis mis angariSzea minimum 16 qveyana, romelTac sakuTari fulis niSnebi gaauqmes da evros gamoyeneba daiwyes. 1960-ian wlebSi mandelma safuZveli Cauyara valutis optimaluri zonis cnebas, ramac 1999 wels kaco34

briobas evro, xolo avtors _ nobelis premia moutana. miuxedavad valutebis winaaRmdeg mebrZolis ubadlo reputaciisa, mandels Tavis gamosvlaSi araferi uTqvams qarTuli laris gauqmebaze. amis erTi mizezi albaT misi politikuri intuicia iyo, romelmac mandels im saRamos qaris wisqvilebTan uSedego brZola gadaafiqrebina. saqarTveloSi lars, ekonomikuris garda, sentimentaluri Rirebulebac aqvs da nebis-

mieri reformatori, romelic am ori ganzomilebidan mxolod ekonomikurs gaiTvaliswinebs, aucileblad don kixotis komikur rolSi aRmoCndeba. qarTuli valutis gauqmebaze mandelis gaCumebis meore mizezi ki albaT misi mecnieruli Seudrekeloba gaxda, radgan mandelis Teoria laris gauqmebaze pirdapir ukuCvenebas iZleva. mandelis Sromebis mixedviT, qveyanam rom dolari oficialur valutad gamoacxados, is dolaris optimaluri zonis nawili unda iyos, saqarTveloSi ki amis yvela is piroba darRveulia, romelTac mandeli aucileblad miiCnevs. magaliTad, muSaxeli Tavisuflad ver moZraobs saqarTvelosa da dolaris qveynebs Soris; arc xelfasebi, pensiebi da produqciis fasebia Sesadari; kulturuli da enobrivi barierebic sakmaod maRalia. mandeli namdvili mecnieri aRmoCnda da ara ubralod dolarizaciis ideologi, romelic sakuTar mecnierul arguments ideologiur saWiroebas moargebda. mandelma TbilisSi wakiTxul leqciaze larisa da dolaris uTanasworo paeqrobas gverdi auara, magram msoflios savaluto politikaze mainc vrclad isaubra. profesori Seecada, eCvenebina, rom dRevandeliviT Rrma finansuri krizisebis safuZveli swored axlandeli msoflio finansuri sistemaa, kerZod ki msoflio finansuri modis erTi bolodroindeli kaprizi: moda valutis Tavisufal konvertaciaze. mandelis TqmiT, msoflioSi finansuri ryevebi SedarebiT rbili iyo meoce saukunis dasawyisamde, rodesac sxvadasxva valutis gacvlis kursebi praqtikulad ucvleli iyo. am dros msoflios faqtobrivad saerTo fuli hqonda _ oqro da vercxli, xolo sxvadasxva valuta am Zvirfasi metalebis gansxvavebuli Semcvelobis dasaxelebas warmoadgenda. magaliTad, briliberali ivlisi #5 2009

foto REUTERS / aleqsandre demianCuki

tanuli girvanqa sterlingi TiTqmis xuTjer met oqros Seicavda, vidre amerikuli dolari. Sesabamisad, am ori valutis gacvliTi kursi mecxramete saukuneSi ucvlelad iyo daaxloebiT xuTi erTTan. mniSvnelovani iyo, rom dolaric da sterlingic garantias iZleoda, rom TiToeuli banknotis gacvla Sesabamisi wonis oqrosa Tu vercxlze yovelTvis iyo SesaZlebeli. amitom, am banknotebs ukan Zvirfasi metali idga, romelic specialur sacavebSi inaxeboda, magram realurad banknotis mflobels ekuTvnoda. oqroTi gamagrebuli fulis periodSi msoflio finansuri sistema erT ritmSi sunTqavda, fulis gaZvireba an gaiafeba erTnairad exeboda yvela qveyanas. aseT unisonSi miedineboda msoflios finansuri ryevebi meoce saukunemde, vidre qveynebma nel-nela daiwyes kavSiris gawyveta sakuTar valutasa da Zvirfas metalebs Soris. pirveli mniSvnelovani nabiji gadaidga 1944 wels amerikis qalaq breton-vudzSi, sadac msoflios wamyvani industriuli qveynebis warmomadgenlebma oqros fasebi dolariT daafiqsires, xolo danarCeni valutis gacvliTi kursebi dolars miabes. swored am SeTanxmebis Sesrulebaze meTvalyureobisaTvis Seiqmna msoflio banki da saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia. breton-vudzis SeTanxmebis moqmedebis periodSi mdidari qveynebis fuli dolaris gavliT mainc oqroze iyo mibmuli. robert mandelis dakvirvebiT, am periodSic msoflio finansuri sistema harmoniulad muSaobda, Rrma kataklizmebis gareSe. magram es sistema daingra, rodesac 1971 wels riCard niqsonma calmxrivad gaauqma amerikuli dolaris oqroze gadacvlis piroba. am droidan erTiani sistema dairRva da sxvadasxva valutis bedi mTlianad gaxda damokidebuli Sesabamisi qveynis centraluri bankis politikaze, rasac mohyva namdvili msoflio finansuri babilonis godoli da finansuri kakofonia. dRes centraluri bankebis SeuTanxmebeli politikis gamo, savaluto gacvliTi kursebi sagrZnoblad meryeobs, rac iwvevs dovlaTis uecar da arnaxul gadadinebas qveynebs Soris. Tu erT dRes Seni milioni amerikuli dolari or milion qarTul lars udris, xval SeiZleba Sengan damoukidebeli
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

mizezebiT mxolod milionnaxevari laris gulgatexili mflobeli aRmoCnde. mandelis TqmiT, finansuri sistemis swored aseTma siurprizebma daangria finansuri gigantebi Bear Stearns da Lehman Bothers, da sabolood dRevandeli Rrma finansuri kataklizmis mizezic gaxda. erTi valutis gaufasureba meore valutis mimarT xSirad qveynebs Soris simdidris bunebrivi gadanawilebis Sedegia, da ara misi mizezi. dovlaTis aseTi bunebrivi gadanawileba mudmivad mimdinareobs, misi mizezebi ki uTvalavia: qveyanaSi navTobis aRmoCeniT dawyebuli, ganaTlebis sistemis gaumjobesebiT, an axali turistuli savanes aRmocenebiT damTavrebuli. magram centralur bankebs mniSvnelovani codvebi miuZRviT valutis kursebis xelovnur ryevaSi. swored am codvebis Taviseburi gagebiT gansxvavdeba mandeli oqros fulis momxre, danarCeni liberali ekonomistebisagan. mandelisaTvis oqros fuli mxolod stabiluri gacvliTi kursis garantiaa. Zvirfasi metalebiT gamagrebuli valutis sxva mxardamWerebi ki Tvlian, rom finansuri krizisebis ZiriTadi mizezi mTavrobis mier qaRaldis fulis maragis gabervaa, rac SeuZlebeli iqneboda oqros fulis SemTxvevaSi. oqros standartis Tanamedrove momxreebis jaWvi Semdegnairad viTardeba. bolo aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi msoflioSi warmadoba arnaxuli tempiT izrdeba. yoveldRe erT sul mosaxleze sul ufro da ufro meti produqcia iqmneba isev am mosaxleobis mier, magram Tavad mosaxleobas es maincdamainc ar etyoba. imis magivrad, rom adamianebis sakeTildReod samomxmareblo fasebi didi siswrafiT mcirdebodes, isini ZiriTadad ucvleli rCeba. saqme isaa, rom namati produqciis Sesabamisad, centraluri bankebi mudmivad beWdaven axal fuls da gadascemen ramdenime rCeul korporacias. Sesabamisad, es korporaciebi daumsaxureblad iTviseben kacobriobis mier warmoebuli uzarmazari namatis mniSvnelovan nawils. Tu romelime aseT kompanias mainc daemuqra gakotreba, mis gadasarCenad centralur banks SeuZlia kidev ufro meti fulis haeridan Seqmna. magaliTad, marto 2007 wlis 9 da 10 agvistos amerikisa da evropis centralurma bankebma 250 miliardi dolari Seqmnes. amdeniTve myisierad Semcirda

mosaxleobisa da jansaRi kompaniebis myidvelobis unari. samagierod, am saCuqarma gakotrebis zRvarze myofi araefeqturi kompaniebi gadaarCina. amiT 2007 wels finansuri safrTxe ki ar gaqra, aramed SeiniRba, xolo 2008 wels arnaxuli ZaliT ifeTqa da dRevandel finansur krizisad mogvevlina. oqros fulis tradiciuli damcvelebisagan gansxvavebiT, mandelisaTvis centraluri bankebis intervenciebi misaRebia, Tu es iqneba qveynebs Soris SeTanxmebuli politika savaluto kursebis stabilizaciis mizniT. erTi SexedviT gansxvaveba umniSvneloa, magram sinamdvileSi mandelis mier daxatul msoflioSi oqroTi gamyarebuli fuli aucilebeli sulac ar aris; aucilebelia mxolod ucvleli gacvliTi kursebi, rogorc 1945-71 wlebSi iyo bretan-vudzis SeTanxmebis muSaobis dros. am Taviseburebis gamo, saqarTveloSi gamarTul mandelis leqciaze ismoda ar marto danarCeni msofliosaTvis kargad cnobili ekonomikuri ideebi _ rasac qarTuli auditoria eloda _ aramed nobeliantis piradi, originaluri mosazrebebic. gasakviri ar aris, rom leqcia informatiuli, magram sakamaToc aRmoCnda. es mandelisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Strixia. masaCusetsis teqnologiis universitetis ekonomisti, rudiger dornbuSi ase ixsenebs mandelis leqciebs: is auditoriaSi inteleqtualur bombs Semoagdebda, TviTon ki uSfoTvelad ganagrZobda. swored aseTi sakamaTo da safiqrali Temebi gaaCina robert mandelma Tavisufali universitetis auditoriaSi, TviTon ki sxva qveynebisa da savaluto zonebisken ganagrZo mecnieruli mogzauroba.

miuxedavad valutebis winaaRmdeg mebrZolis reputaciisa, mandels Tavis gamosvlaSi araferi uTqvams qarTuli laris gauqmebaze. amis mizezi misi politikuri intuicia iyo, romelmac mandels qaris wisqvilebTan brZola gadaafiqrebina.
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adamianis uflebebi da samarTali

politikuri dapatimrebebi

iaraRi opoziciis winaaRmdeg uflebaTa damcvelebi opozicia da adamianis

politikur dapatimrebebsa da represiebze saubroben >>
anita Tvauri, nino beqiSvili

`axla mimdinareobs Zalian sasargeblo procesi _ politikuri procesebis gawmendis, yvelafris Tavis adgilze dalagebis. vfiqrob, visac aqvs unari, rom gadavides qarTuli politikis Semdgom etapze, miaRwios warmatebas, is amocanas gamoiyenebs~, _ ganacxada saqarTvelos prezidentma aprilis bolos, maSin, rodesac politikuri aqciebis talRa axali dawyebuli iyo. Tavidan aSkarad Canda, rom xelisufleba opoziciis mitingebs, saknebs, paralizebul qalaqs mSvidad Sexvda da moTminebiT eloda, riT damTavrdeboda protestis talRa. dRes sxva realoba gvaqvs: ukanasknel xanebSi, gansakuTrebiT 15 ivnisis Semdeg, opoziciuri politikuri partiebis wevrebi da adamianis uflebaTa damcveli arasamTavrobo organizaciebi msjeloben imaze, Tu ra SeiZleba daupirispiron politikur devnas. `saxezea politikuri represiebi,
36

srulmasStabiani policiuri terori. esaa sistema, romelic gardauvlad miiyvans sakuTar Tavs dasasrulamde, _ acxadebs respublikuri partiis Tavmjdomare daviT usufaSvili, _ am katastrofas qveyana mTlianad ar unda gadavayoloT, nawilobriv rom gadavayoleT, es ukve faqtia~. politikurad aqtiur adamianebs, sxvadasxva opoziciuri partiis wevrebsa da aqtivistebs dedaqalaqsa da regionebSi ZiriTadad iaraRis ukanonod tarebis an Senaxvis da narkotikebis moxmarebis braldebiT akaveben. `mas Semdeg, rac merab qaTamaZe daapatimres, Tavs daucvelad vgrZnobT, Tuki SeiZleba merabi daiWiron, es imas niSnavs, rom safrTxe nebismier Cvengans SeiZleba daemuqros~, _ miTxra respublikuri partiis wevrma axalgazrda gogonam. merab qaTamaZe 27 ivniss, daaxloebiT saRamos 6 saaTze griboedovis quCaze,

respublikuri partiis ofisTan manqanas ayenebda, roca iqve jipi gaCerda. manqanidan oTxi kaci gadmovida, merabi alyaSi moaqcies, avtomobilis gasaRebi waarTves, TavianT manqanaSi Seagdes da auxsnes, rom moxda avtosagzao SemTxveva, sadac misi manqana iyo dafiqsirebuli. erT-erTi maTgani merab qaTamaZis avtomanqanaSi Cajda da ukan gahyva. respublikis moedanze orive manqana SeCerda, merabs acnobes, rom mis manqanaSi iaraRi ipoves, ris Semdegac orTaWalaSi, SSs-s kriminaluri departamentis SenobaSi miiyvanes. sami saaTis gasvlis Semdeg masTan gamomZiebeli mivida da aCvena oqmi, sadac ewera, rom mas iaraRi ukana jibidan amouRes. `versia mesamed Seicvala _ jer miTxres, _ avtosagzao SemTxvevaao, Semdeg manqanaSi iaraRia napovnio, bolos _ Turme Tan vatareb. oqmze xeli ar momiweria, _ ambobs merab qaTamaZe da amatebs, rom iaraRi, romelic mas `amouRes~, TvaliT ar unaxavs. `imas, rac iq xdeboda sami saaTis ganmavlobaSi, Znelad Tu SeiZleba sagamoZiebo moqmedeba ewodos. aravis davukiTxivar, ar gavuCxrekivar arc dakavebis adgilze, arc SSs-s saministroSi, mxoliberali ivlisi #5 2009

lod sammarTvelos winaswari dakavebis izolatorSi Seyvanis win gamCxrikes~. imave saRamos merab qaTamaZis saxlSi Cxreka Catarda, romelsac respublikuri partiis liderebi eswrebodnen. Cxrekisas ori iaraRi ipoves, orive _ gaformebuli. maT Soris erT-erTi, sanadiro SaSxana, tarebis uflebiT da meore _ antikvaruli pistoleti, Senaxvis uflebiT. radganac dakavebuli danaSauls ar aRiarebda da gamoZiebasTan ar TanamSromlobda, sasamarTlo procesze prokurori, qaTamaZisTvis, aRmkveTi RonisZiebis saxiT, orTvian winaswar patimrobas moiTxovda. dacva giraos, 3000 lars sTavazobda, rasac braldebis mxare ar eTanxmeboda. am dros gamomZiebelma mobilur telefonze Setyobineba miiRo, paralelurad prokuroris telefonmac dareka, mosamarTlesTan TanaSemwe Sevida da yurSi raRac uCurCula. am samma erTmaneTSi moilaparaka da yvelasTvis moulodnelad, prokurorma ganacxada, _ giraoze Tanaxma varo; oRond 5000 lari moiTxova. am faqts braldebuli, misi meuRle, respublikuri partiis liderebi da advokati giorgi razmaZe adastureben. merab qaTamaZe, respublikuri partiis politikuri sabWos wevri, amave partiis kaxeTis regionis koordinatori da biuleten `respublikelebis~ redaqtoria. is mitingebSi monawileobas ar iRebda, _ 90-iani wlebis Semdeg mitingze aRar vmdgarvaro. 90-iani wlebidan merab qaTamaZe kaxeTSi televiziis mflobeli iyo, aris gamomcemloba `azris~ damaarsebeli, erTi periodi _ gamomcemelTa da gamavrcelebelTa asociaciis Tavmjdomare, Tbilisis wignis festivalis ideis avtori da erT-erTi organizatori. misi dakavebis dReebSi swored wignis festivali mimdinareobda da mwerlebma da gamomcemlebma SeSfoTeba gamoxates kolegis `warmoudgeneli~ mizeziT dapatimrebis gamo. poeti rati amaRlobeli, romelic merab qaTamaZes 12 welia, icnobs, ambobs: `misi dapatimreba am cinikuri braldebiT sruliad Sokis momgvreli iyo. sawyenia, rom merabis dakavebis dros sazogadoebis mkveTri reaqcia ver davinaxe; piriqiT, bevrs xelisuflebisadmi pietetis da loialobis gamo SeeSinda, protesti gamoeTqva merabis dakavebaze, miuxedavad imisa, rom braldebis absurdulobas kargad xvdeliberali ivlisi #5 2009

bodnen~. telekompania `maestroSi~ gamosvlis dros gamomcemloba `literas~ damaarsebelma, nacionaluri moZraobis wevrma, deputatma nugzar wiklaurma wamyvanis, Tamar Ciqovanis kiTxvaze, sjera Tu ara mas, rom merab qaTamaZe TbilisSi iaraRiT dadioda, upasuxa, _ me imasac ver warmovidgendi, rom merab qaTamaZes saxlSi gaformebuli iaraRi hqonda, ase rom, davelodoT gamoZiebaso. iaraRis Senaxvis gamo daapatimres konservatiuli partiis dmanisis raionuli organizaciis Tavmjdomare mamuka Cxvimianic. 29 ivniss dilis 5 saaTze mis saxlSi namdvili specoperacia moewyo. dakavebulis Zma, zaza Cxvimiani hyveba, rom maT saxlSi daaxloebiT 40-mde policieli mivida; Caatares Cxreka da xelyumbara saZinebeli oTaxis karadaSi, mamuka Cxvimianis meSvideklaseli Svilis TeTreulSi aRmoaCines. SemosasvlelSi, fexsacmelebis karadaSi ki 5 tyvia ido. zaza Cxvimiani imasac hyveba, rom mamukas meuRlem dainaxa, rogor Cades xelyumbara misi Svilis karadaSi da iyvira, magram nivTmtkiceba mainc amoiRes. `2009 wlis 24 ivniss z. Cxvimiani daakaves eWvmitanilis saxiT. imave dRes Cxrekis Sedegad amoRebul nivTebze dainiSna da Catarda sasamarTlo-balistikuri eqspertiza, romlis 2009 wlis 25 ivnisis 630/b da am/401 daskvnebis Tanaxmad, eqspertizaze gamosakvlevad wardgenili nivTebidan - xuTi cali vazna miekuTvneba sabrZolo masalaTa kategorias da vargisia srolisaTvis. -1-is tipis xelis msxvrevadi yumbaris korpusi, saskdomi muxtiT da tipis xelis msxvrevadi yumbaris unificirebuli modernizebuli falia rogorc mTlianobaSi, aseve cal-calke warmoadgenen asafeTqebel mowyobilobebs, miekuTvnebian sabrZolo masalaTa kategorias da vargisi arian daniSnulebiT gamosayeneblad~, _ naTqvamia saqarTvelos prokuraturis oficialur gancxadebaSi. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli sozar subari hyveba, rom man TbilisSi mitingebze ramdenjerme naxa mamuka Cxvimiani, romelic misi bavSvobis megobaria, da is swored mosalodnel provokaciaze elaparaka. sozar subaris TqmiT, daujerebelia, rom adamianma, vinc samarTladamcavebisgan provokacias elodeba, xelyumbara, romelic SeiZleba ubralo gaufrTxileblobis

gamo afeTqdes, bavSvisTvis xelmisawvdom adgilas, mis TeTreulSi Seinaxos. arc mamuka Cxvimiani da arc merab qaTamaZe gamoZiebasTan TanamSromlobas da imis aRiarebas ar apireben, rom maT iaraRi hqondaT. amboben, _ gvirCevnia, cixeSi CavsxdeT da sasjeli movixadoT, vidre is vaRiaroT, rac ar yofilao. gori, xobi, dmanisi, tyibuli, mcxeTa, Coxatauri _ es im raionebis CamonaTvalia, sadac bolo erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi opoziciuri partiebis aqtivistebi daakaves. `roca erT raionSi, sadac sul ori partia muSaobs, orives Tavmjdomares daiWer, es am partiebis srul likvidacias niSnavs, _ ambobs konservatiuli partiis erT-erTi lideri kaxa kukava. xobis raionis ori raionuli Tavmjdomare ioseb qeburia (`konservatorebi~) da ediSer jobava (`aliansi saqarTvelosTvis~) 17 da 19 ivniss daakaves. `aliansi saqarTvelosTvis~ xobis raionuli Tavmjdomare, romelic amave dros xobis sakrebulos erTaderTi opoziciuri frTis warmomadgenelicaa da sakrebuloSi opoziciuri fraqciis Seqmnas cdilobda, sam kviraze metia, zugdidis #4 sapyrobileSia. rogorc ojaxis wevrebi hyvebian, ediSer jobava 19 ivnisis saRamos, samsaxuridan _ yulevis navTobgadamamuSavebeli terminalidan Sin brundeboda, rodesac policielebma terminalis kuTvnili transportidan Camosves da xobis policiaSi gadaiyvanes, sadac acnobes, rom Cxrekisas (romelsac mxolod policiis warmomadgenlebi eswrebodnen) iaraRi da suboteqsi aRmoaCnda. ramdenimesaaTiani dakiTxvis Semdeg narkologiuri Semowmeba Cautares, romliTac opiumis jgufis narkotikebis miReba daudginda. suboteqsi ar Sedis jobavas sisxlSi aRmoCenili opiumis jgufis narkotikebSi. ediSeri eWvobs,

gori, xobi, dmanisi, tyibuli, mcxeTa, Coxatauri - es im raionebis CamonaTvalia, sadac bolo erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi opoziciuri partiebis aqtivistebi daakaves.
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rom narkotiki policielebma wyalSi gauries, romelic dakiTxvis dros SesTavazes. aseve dakavebulis dacvis mxare yuradRebas amaxvilebs im detalze, rom ediSer jobavas yoveldRe samsaxurSi Sesvlisas metalo deteqtoris gavla uwevda, rac naklebad damajerebels xdis im mosazrebas, rom mas, savaldebulo Semowmebis miuxedavad, iaraRi Tan etarebina. arc erTi garemoeba mosamarTlem ar gaiTvaliswina da mas orTviani winaswari patimroba Seufarda. 15 ivniss saRamos policiam respublikuri partiis wevri daviT (zaal) gudaZe da opoziciis mxardamWeri Tamaz tlaSaZe daakava, pirveli narkotikuli nivTierebis, xolo meore _ sabrZolo masalis SeZena-Senaxvis braldebiT. saxalxo damcvelis aparatis Tanasworobisa da Tavisuflebis sammarTvelos ufrosis, sofo benaSvilis TqmiT, am muxlebis gayalbeba yvelaze martivadaa SesaZlebeli. dacvis mxare ki Civis, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi, aseTi dakavebebisas Cxrekas policia sakuTari mowmeebiT, an saerTod maT gareSe atarebs. dakavebulebis advoka-

tebi amboben, rom damoukidebeli eqspertizis Catarebaze uars eubnebian. saapelacio sasamarTloSic yvela gasaCivreba uSedegod dasrulda. am saqmeebis ganxilvisas arc erT mosamarTles dacvis mxaris mier wardgenili garemoebebi ar gauTvaliswinebia. `dasavleTis zewolis gamo, xelisufleba politikur liderebs ver daakavebs, magram maT momxreebs regionebSi, fulisa da ofisebis gareSe datovebs~, _ ambobs kaxa kukava. dapatimrebulTa umetesobas winaswari orTviani patimroba Seufardes, rac maT, bralis ar damtkicebis SemTxvevaSic, didi xniT CamoaSorebs bolo dros gaaqtiurebul politikur cxovrebas. konkretuli partiebisTvis politikuri zianis miyenebasTan erTad, politikosebi am dakavebebis erT-erT umTavres daniSnulebad regionis mosaxleobis daSinebas ganixilaven. `am dakavebebis Semdeg protesti izrdeba, magram xalxi daSinda~, _ ambobs axali memarjveneebis lideri manana naWyebia da ixsenebs, rom ediSer jobavas dakavebis Semdeg, xobis ofisis sxva aqtivistisTvis gadabarebis mcdelobisas

man ofisis gasaRebi ukan daabruna. mizezad ki is daasaxela, rom `SemouTvales, _ Tu opozicionerobas Tavs ar daanebeb, ediSer jobavas beds gaiziareb da veravin dagicavso~. opoziciuri partiebi aRiareben, rom ver axerxeben sakuTari aqtivistebis dacvas _ dRemde arc erTi opoziciuri aqtivistis dakavebis gasaCivreba warmatebiT ar dasrulebula. sxvadasxva politikuri partia politikuri niSniT dapatimrebuli adamianebis gansxvavebul ricxvs asaxelebs. es ricxvi 60-dan 100 kacamde meryeobs. am saqmeebis Seswavlis procesi swored am dReebSi mimdinareobs, saxalxo damcvelis aparati da ramdenime arasamTavrobo organizacia koordinirebulad moqmedeben. isini swavloben TiToeul saqmes, raTa dazustdes, ramdenadaa konkretuli patimris dakavebis mizezi misi politikuri Sexedulebebi an aqtivoba. iuristTa asociaciis Tavmjdomaris, Tamar xidaSelis TqmiT, Seswavlis Semdeg es saqmeebi saerTaSoriso uflebadacviT organizaciebs, maT Soris Amnesty International-s da evropis sabWos gadaecema.

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo

saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg saqarTvelos mTavrobam adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisTvis mxolod 2009 wels qveynis biujetidan 43 141 evro gasca >>
nino robaqiZe

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos sxdoma, strasburgi 2009

saqarTveloSi xmauriani sasamarTlo procesebis paralelurad, adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Setanili peticiebis anu sarCelebis ricxvi stabilurad izrdeba. adamianis uflebadacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi da advokatebi acxadeben, rom gansakuTrebiT xSiria moqalaqeTa moTxovna, mimarTon evropis sasamarTlos `adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis~ meeqvse muxlis darRvevis gasaCivrebis mizniT. konvenciis es muxli yvela adamians aZlevs samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis uflebas da braldebuls acxadebs udanaSaulod manam, sanam Sesabamisi kanonis wesiT ar dadgindeba misi braleuloba. saqarTvelos winaliberali ivlisi #5 2009

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foto REUTERS / vinsent kesleri

saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg evrosasamarTloSi Setanili saCivrebi ZiriTadad ukanono dapatimrebas, sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi araadamianur mopyrobasa da kerZo sakuTrebis xelyofas exeba.
aRmdeg evrosasamarTloSi Setanili saCivrebi ZiriTadad ukanono dapatimrebas, sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi araadamianur mopyrobasa da kerZo sakuTrebis xelyofas exeba. gansakuTrebiT rTuli da mravalmxrivia Salva ramiSvilis saqme, romelmac strasburgs ukve mimarTa. saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Setanili saCivari, romliTac Salva ramiSvili da misi saqmiani partniori daviT koxreiZe maTi winaswari patimrobis pirobebs asaCivrebdnen, ukve dasrulebulia. momCivnebma eqvs-eqvsi aTasi evro miiRes kompensaciis saxiT da saxelmwifos dazaralebulTa advokatebis muSaobis xarjebis asanazRaureblad 14 aTasi evros gadaxda daekisra. Tumca es Salva ramiSvilis saqmis mxolod erTi nawilia. strasburgSi kidev erTi peticiaa, romliTac ramiSvili misi Jurnalisturi saqmianobisTvis xelis SeSlas, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis uflebis darRvevasa da samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis xelyofas asaCivrebs. Salva ramiSvilis advokats, lia muxaSavrias uWirs gansazRvros, ra dro SeiZleba dasWirdes am saqmis ganxilvas. Tumca, advokatis azriT, ramiSvilis saqme imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom sasamarTlo warmoebaSi miRebuli saCivris ganxilvas, savaraudod, ar gaaWianurebs. adamianis uflebaTa damcveli arasamTavrobo organizacia `konstituciis 42-e muxli~, ukve daaxloebiT aTi welia, rac saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs exmareba, sakuTari interesebi evrosasamarTloSi daicvan. `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg organizacias ramdenime politikur saqmezec mouwia muSaoba. maT Sorisaa irakli baTiaSliberali ivlisi #5 2009

vilis `samSoblos Ralatis~ braldebiT dakavebis saqmec da igor giorgaZis politikuri partiis wevrebis daWerisac. TiTqmis dasrulebulia muSaoba sulxan molaSvilis saqmeze, romelsac `konstituciis 42-e muxli~ ucxoel partniorebTan erTad awarmoebda. kidev erTi arasamTavrobo organizacia, romelic iuridiuli konsultaciiTa da mxardaWeriT uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs evrosasamarTloSi aris `axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia.~ maT 2005 wlis Semdeg sul ufro xSirad mimarTaven evrosasamarTlosTan Suamdgomlobis TxovniT. saqarTveloze adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos iurisdiqcia 1999 wlis 20 maisidan vrceldeba. im droidan, roca saqarTvelo adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropul konvencias SeuerTda. evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebs saqarTvelosTvis iuridiuli Zala aqvs da maTi Sesrulebis garanti evrosabWos ministrTa komitetia. evropis sasamarTlo ar warmoadgens qarTuli uzenaesi sasamarTlos zemdgom instancias da ar aris uflebamosili, gaauqmos an Secvalos qveynis Sida sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi da adgilobrivi kanonebi. sasamarTlos mxolod is SeuZlia, rom daadginos, adgili hqonda Tu ara konvenciis an misi damatebiTi oqmebis konkretuli muxlebis darRvevas. aseTi darRvevis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, ganmcxadeblis sasargeblod mopasuxe saxelmwifos miyenebuli zianis sakompensaciod garkveuli Tanxis gadaxda evaleba. Tumca, xSirad materialuri kompensacia, romelsac evrosasamarTlo mopasuxe mxares akisrebs, gacilebiT naklebia dazaralebulis mier moTxovil Tanxaze; rom araferi vTqvaT im rTul procedurebze, romelic saqmem evrosasamarTloSi misvlamde unda gaiaros. amasTanave, evropis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisad, SesaZloa, mopasuxe saxelmwifos daevalos individualuri da sayovelTao xasiaTis zomebis ganxorcieleba evropuli konvenciiTa da misi damatebiTi oqmebiT dacul uflebaTa uzrunvelsayofad. swored aseTi sayovelTao zomebis ganxorcieleba daevala saqarTvelos saxelmwifos evrosasamarTlos mier

saqarTvelos leiboristuli partiis sarCelis ganxilvis Semdeg. 2003 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegebi leiboristebma droulad gaasaCivres evrosasamarTloSi. strasburgSi leiboristebi 2003 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis dros daSvebuli kanondarRvevebis msxverplad gamoacxades da saqarTvelos mTavrobas 11 943 evros gadaxdac daakisres da momavalSi arCevnebis samarTlianad da kanonebis dacviT Catarebac urCies. leiboristebis gancxadebiT, advokatebis momsaxurebis xarjebis gastumrebis Semdeg am Tanxidan partias mxolod 43 evro Sexvda da, rac mTavaria, leiboristebi Tvlian, rom partia 2003 wlis Semdeg Catarebuli yvela arCevnebis msxverplia. miuxedavad amisa, leiboristuli partia strasburgSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Setanili saqmeebis raodenobiT opoziciur politikur partiaTa Soris namdvilad lideria. evropis sasamarTlom ukve ganxilvaSi miiRo leiboristebis sarCeli saerTo mricxvelebsa da partiis wevris arCil beniZis dakavebis Sesaxeb. arCil beniZe sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT SvidTviani patimrobis Semdeg 2000-lariani giraos sanacvlod gaaTavisufles, Tumca misTvis braldeba ar mouxsniaT. braldebuli Tavs udanaSaulod miiCnevs, mas evrosasamarTloSi Sedegebis lodini TiTqmis xuT weliwads mouwevs. rogorc wesi, saqmeebis ganxilva 4-5 weliwads, xandaxan, met xansac grZeldeba. `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdgom wlebSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Setanili peticiebis nawili evrosasamarTloSi jer isev Tavis rigs elodeba. sasamarTlo reformis warmatebebis aqtiurma reklamirebam ver gadafara faqti, rom 2008-2009 wlebSi gaizarda im adamianebis ricxvi, vinc saqarTveloSi marTlmsajulebiT ukmayofiloa da evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlos imedad rCeba. Tumca oTxi-xuTi wlis Semdeg evrosasamarTlos rekomendaciebi da saxelmwifosTvis dakisrebuli fuladi jarimebi SesaZlebelia, sulac axali xelisuflebis gasaTvaliswinebeli da gadasaxdeli gaxdes. magram saxelmwifo struqturebis mxridan TiToeuli adamianis uflebis darRvevisTvis finansuri kompensaciis gadaxda nebismier mTavrobas biujetidan, anu isev am moqalaqeebis jibidan mouwevs.
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Tvalsazrisi

diskomfortis SigniTa mxares da axali sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiT xelisufleba Sekrebisa

manifestaciebis Tavisuflebis nawilobriv SezRudvas apirebs >>
vaxuSti menabde ombudsmenis aparati

quCis aqcia, Tbilisi 2009

`qaris SigniTa mxarea is, romelic mSralia maSinac ki, roca wvimaSi qari uberavs. erT-erTi iaffasiani winaswarmetyveli milorad paviCi / `qaris SigniTa mxares

2009 wlis 26 ivniss saqarTvelos parlamentis oTxma wevrma _ pavle kublaSvilma, Teimuraz zodelavam, laSa Tordiam da kaxaber anjafariZem saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris uflebamosileba gamoiyenes da sakanonmdeblo iniciativis saxiT parlamentSi cvlilebaTa paketi Seitanes. kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad, cvlilebebi sam kanonSi Seva _ `Sekrebebisa da manifestaciebis Sesaxeb, `policiis Sesaxeb da `saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi. SemoTavazebuli cvlilebis mixedviT, `Sekrebebisa da manifestaciebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi xalxis an transportis mier savali nawilis gadaketva im SemTxvevaSi aikrZaleba, Tu amis saWiroebas monawileTa raodenoba ar moiTxovs. aikrZaleba savali nawilis gadaketva avtomanqanebiT, sxvagvari konstuqciebiT da sagnebiT.
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am siaxles `administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi kidev ramdenime novacia daemateba, romelTa mixedviTac, Sekrebebisa da manifestaciebis organizebisa da Catarebis wesis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, jarimebi 1000 laridan 5000 laramde dawesdeba. ufro mkacria kanoni, Tu Sekreba an manifestacia sasamarTlos Senobis blokirebas iwvevs, an mosamarTlis sacxovrebel adgilas an saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloSi an misgan oci metris radiusSi mimdebare teritoriaze tardeba _ amgvari qmedeba 90 dRemde patimrobiT isjeba (amJamad administraciuli patimrobis maqsimaluri vadaa 30 dRe). igive bedi eliT im pirebs, romlebic moaxdenen zogierTi administraciuli Senobis blokirebas. am cvlilebebis Sesaxeb opoziciuri partiebis liderebi erTmniSvnelovnad acxadeben, rom es tiraniisken gadadgmuli nabijia da ukan, sabWoeTSi gvabrunebs. kamaToben xelisuflebis Sida wreebSic. 3 ivliss gamarTul sakomiteto mosmenaze parlamentarma daviT darCiaSvilma Tavis gamosvlaSi aRniSna, rom `aRniSnuli cvlilebebi,

kerZod satransporto saSualebebiT quCis gadaketvis akrZalva, ar Seesabameba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos standartebs. mogvianebiT man `liberals ganucxada _ `dauSveblad mimaCnia quCebis gadaketva xelovnuri konstruqciebiT. es sxva araferia, Tu ara barikadebis aRmarTva. rac Seexeba avtomanqanebiT quCebis gadaketvas, aq saWiroa dazustdes, rom TavisTavad manifestacia SeiZleba manqanebiTac moewyos _ ra Tqma unda, Setyobinebis samarTlebrivi normebis dacviT. magram vfiqrob, es sxva kanonproeqtSi, kerZod `administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi~ Sesatan cvlilebebsa da damatebebSi unda dazustdes. evropuli sasamarTlosaTvis, iseve, rogorc evropuli praqtikisaTvis, arsebiTia Tanazomierobis, proporciulobis principis dacva. Sesabamisad, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis uflebamosilma organom jer unda moiTxovos manifestantTagan darRvevis dauyovneblivi aRkveTa, anu savali nawilis gaTavisufleba, Tu misi gadaketvis saWiroeba adamianTa raodenobiT araa ganpirobebuli. mxolod mas Semdeg, rac manifestantebi uars ityvian am moTxovnis Sesrulebaze, SeiZleba dadges manifestaciis kanonier farglebSi Seviwroebis sakiTxi. winaaRmdegobis gawevis SemTxvevaSi ki, iyos ise, rogorc es kanonproeqtSia mocemuli, anu aikrZalos manifestacia~. adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTali aCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos msgavsi problemebi evropis sxva qveynebisTvisac ar aris ucxo. `bevri qveynis kanonmdeblobaSi adamianTa ufleba demonstraciebisa da Sekrebis Tavisuflebaze xSirad awydeba winaaRmdegobas~, _ ambobs adamianis uflebaTa damcveli, emil adelxanovi. am dros saxelmwifoebi, romlebsac xeli aqvT mowerili adamianis uflebaTa deklaraciaze, sadac naTqvamia, rom am deklaraciiT garantirebuli uflebebi SeiZleba SeizRudos sazoliberali ivlisi #5 2009

foto Temo barZimaSvili

gadoebis usafrTxoebisTvis, cdiloben am daTqmiT isargeblon. miaqcieT yuradReba _ iq araferia naTqvami imaze, rom SezRudva SeiZleba dawesdes moqalaqeTa komfortisTvisac. yovelTvis, roca raRac uflebas vicavT, is SeiZleba konfliqtSi Sevides sxva uflebasTan. Cndeba kiTxva, ra ufro mniSvnelovania, Sekrebebis da manifestaciebis Tavisufleba Tu im adamianTa ufleba, visac rusTavelze Tavisuflad gadaadgileba unda. mniSvnelovania, vnaxoT, rogoria strasburgis sasamarTlos praqtika amgvar saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi. es sasamarTlo imitom arsebobs, rom moqalaqeebi nacionaluri kanonmdeblobisgan daicvas, Tu is adamianis uflebaTa deklaracias ar Seesabameba~. evropuli sasamarTlos gamocdilebas Tu gadavxedavT, vnaxavT, rom msgavs saqmeebSi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi demonstrantebis sasargeblod gamoaqvs. magaliTad, 2000 wlis 22 aprils TurqeTis `adamianis uflebaTa dacvis asociaciis~ administraciuli sabWos wevrma oia atamanma 40-dan 50-mde adamianTan erTad SuadRisas qalaq stambolSi sulTan axmedis saxelobis moedanze moZraoba gadaketa. aqcia transportis da moqalaqeTa gadaadgilebas aferxebda, amitom policiam aqciis monawileebs daSla xmis gamaZlierebliT mosTxova. municipaliteti winaswar aqciis Sesaxeb ar gaufrTxilebiaT, Sesabamisad, msvleloba ukanono iyo. demonstrantebi policiis moTxovnas ar daemorCilnen. samarTaldamcavebma aqciis erT-erTi monawile oia atamani daakaves. oia atamanma ganacxadi Seitana adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi. sasamarTlom gakvirveba gamoxata mTavrobis mouTmenlobasTan dakavSirebiT. mtkicebuleba, romelic daadasturebda pirTa jgufis mier sazogadoebrivi wesrigisaTvis safrTxis Seqmnis faqts, garda imisa, rom transportis moZraoba Seferxda, ar arsebobda. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom: `garkveuli saxis demonstracias SeuZlia gamoiwvios sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis Cveuli ritmidan amovardna, maT Soris _ transportis moZraobis Seferxeba. maSin, rodesac demonstrantebi ar Cadian Zaladobriv aqtebs, ubralod aferxeben transportis moZraobas, mniSvnelovania, xelisuliberali ivlisi #5 2009

flebam gamoavlinos Semwynarebloba amgvari mSvidobiani Sekrebis mimarT, vinaidan aRniSnuli ufleba daculia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-11 muxliT da ar SeiZleba am uflebas mTlianad daekargos Rirebuleba (Oya Ataman VS Turkey ). sasamarTlom TurqeTis saxelmwifos aTas as oTxmocdaaTi evro daakisra materialuri zianis asanazRaureblad, da oci aTasi evro _ moraluri zianisaTvis. aseTive dadgenileba gamoitana evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlom sergei kuznecovis saqmeSic, romelsac ruseTis samarTaldamcavebma administraciuli pasuxisgeba daakisres qalaq ekaterinburgSi regionuli sasamarTlos piketirebisa da sagzao moZraobis gadaketvis gamo. `demonstracia sazogadoebriv adgilas Cveulebrivi cxovrebidan amovardnas iwvevs, maT Soris _ moZraobis Seferxebasac. Zalian mniSvnelovania, am dros sajaro xelisuflebam Seiwynaros mSvidobiani Sekreba, _ naTqvamia sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi (Sergey Kuznecov VS Russia). mTeli am drois ganmavlobaSi, rac TbilisSi aqciebi tardeba, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi mudmivad acxadebdnen, rom arsebuli situacia qalaqis jansaR samoqalaqo cxovrebaze negatiur gavlenas axdenda, Tumca imasac ambobdnen, rom es iyo xarki,

romelsac adamianis uflebebs vuxdidiT. sabolood pirvelma argumentma meores ajoba. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis paketis ganmartebiT baraTSi naTqvamia, rom `kanonis mizani qveyanaSi demokratiuli procesebis paralelurad kanonis uzenaesobis principis ganmtkiceba, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacva, sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa da am gziT moqalaqeTa sayovelTao uflebebis ganxorcielebis sakanonmdeblo garantiebis srulyofaa. am Canaweridan ramdenime saintereso ambavs vigebT, magaliTad imas, rom kanonis uzenaesoba demokratiuli procesebis nawili ar aris da calke ganviTareba sWirdeba. Sekrebamanifestaciis uflebis SezRudva ki, Turme SesaZlebelia sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvis mizniT, maSin, rodesac konstituciis im muxlebSi, romelic aRniSnul uflebas ganamtkicebs, amaze araferia naTqvami _ konstituciis teqsti pirTa jgufs aZlevs uflebas, gadaketos gzis savali nawili, xolo monawileTa raodenobas ar zRudavs. cvlilebaTa SemoTavazebuli paketi adamianis uflebebis kuTxiT namdvilad ukan gadadgmuli nabijia, amas strasburgis praqtikac adasturebs. samwuxaroa, rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebis oficialuri pozicia diskomfortis aRmofxvrisken gadaixara.

sasamarTloebi, prokuraturis, policiis, sasjelTa aRsrulebisa da samarTaldamcavi organoebi saavadmyofoebi sakonstitucio da uzenaesi sasamarTlo

aqciebis gamarTva akrZalulia am SenobebSi da maTgan 20 metris radiusSi

adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis organoebi

diplomatiuri dawesebulebebi

samxedro nawilebi da obieqtebi prezidentis administracia parlamenti samTavrobo dawesebulebebi

saavadmyofoebi Sromis usafrTxoebis specialuri reJimis an SeiaraRebuli dacvis mqone sawarmoebis, dawesebulebebisa da organizaciebis Senobebi

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sazogadoeba

iuneskos daskvna

iuneskos signali saqarTvelosmesame mcxeTas iunesko_m safrTxis winaSe mdgomi Zeglebis nusxaSi
adgili miuCina >>
naTia axalaSvili

mcxeTa arc omis epicentrSi moxvedrila da arc stiqiuri ubedureba dastydomia Tavs, Tumca, iunesko_s gansakuTrebuli safrTxis winaSe myofi Zeglebis nusxaSi mesame adgilze moxvda. am nusxaSi Zeglebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis, omis, miwisZvrisa da sxva stiqiebis, aseve gaukontrolebeli urbanizaciis gamo SeaqvT xolme. Zeglis am siaSi Setana niSnavs imas, rom misi gadarCena gansakuTrebul saerTaSoriso Carevasa da saswrafo daxmarebas saWiroebs. safrTxis winaSe myofi Zeglebis nusxaSi mcxeTis Setanis mizezad iunesko integrirebuli marTvis gegmis SeumuSaveblobas asaxelebs; aseve yuradsaRebad miiCnevs taZrebis mimdebare teritoriis menejmentis sakiTxsa da Zeglebis pirvandeli saxis dakargvasac _ mizezi,
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ris gamoc mcxeTa _ qalaqi-muzeumi Ria cis qveS _ iunesko-s msoflio memkvidreobis nusxaSi 1994 wels moxvda. 1996 wlidan dRemde iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis fondma Tanxebi mcxeTaSi sxvadasxva programis dasafinanseblad 4-jer gamoyo. bolos, 2001 wels iunesko-s dafinanseba 35 aTasi dolari iyo. Tumca faqtia, rom mcxeTas am daxmarebidan bevri sikeTe ar unaxavs. `am Tanxebze verafers getyviT, am dros ZeglTa dacvis saxelmwifo samsaxurebi imdenad susti iyo, rom amgvar grantebs donorebi arasaxelmwifo seqtorze gascemdnen. ramdenadac CemTvis cnobilia, moziduli TanxebiT bagineTis arqeologiur kompleqsze mimdinare samuSaoebi dafinansda~, _ acxadebs kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnuli

saagentos xelmZRvaneli nika vaCeiSvili. misi TqmiT, mcxeTaSi garkveuli sakonservacio da sareabilitacio samuSaoebi bolo wlebSi Catarda: 2005 wels daiwyo jvris monastris qvis kvleva, 2006 wels dadginda mcxeTis damcavi zonebi, 2007 wels ki mcxeTis inventarizacia ganxorcielda. kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis ministris nika ruruas TqmiT ki, am dromde ar aris dadgenili, sad iwyeba da sad mTavrdeba mcxeTa, rogorc daculi Zegli. `TiToeul Zegls, romelic mcxeTaSia, aqvs Tavisi buferuli zona, sadac arafris aSeneba ar SeiZleba. SesaZloa, mTlianad es sistemaa Sesacvleli da mTlianad qalaqi mcxeTa iyos dacul teritoriad gamosacxadebeli~, _ aRniSnavs is.
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

ministris TqmiT, `adgilobrivi samRvdeloebis zogierTi warmomadgenlis enTuziazmiTa da TviTSemoqmedebiT~ Zeglebs minaSenebi gaukeTes, rac momavalSi maqsimalurad aRikveTeba. `am procesSi sapatriarqos CavrTavT da SevecdebiT, rom aseTi TviTneburi damatebebi aRar warmoiqmnas. rac ukve gakeTebulia, SevecdebiT mis demontaJsac~, _ acxadebs is. aRsaniSnavia, rom safrTxis winaSe myofi kulturuli memkvidreobis Zegli _ 2000 wels momxdari miwisZvris dros dazianebuli baqos `iCeri Sexeri~ (`Zveli qalaqi~) wels siidan iunesko-m swored problemis efeqturi gadaWris gamo moxsna: azerbaijanulma mxarem iunesko-s rekomendaciebi gaiTvaliswina, romelTa mixedviTac, Zeglze uaryofiTad moqmedebda qalaqis mouwesrigebeli zrda, agreTve Zeglis saeWvo xasiaTis restavracia da sareabilitacio samuSaoebi ise Caatara. mcxeTis gadarCena ki iunesko-s mxolod marTvis erTiani gegmis SemuSavebiT warmoudgenia. `eqspertizis mier momzadebuli masalebis safuZvelze, mivediT im daskvnamde, rom mcxeTas seriozuli problemebi aqvs. monasteric da sakaTedro taZaric Zalian dazianebulia. gvaRelvebs aseve freskebis, qvis namuSevrebis mdgomareoba da fasadebis erozia. gvinda, davexmaroT saqarTvelos mTavrobas SeinarCunos msoflio memkvidreobis dacvis fondSi Sesuli Zegli. am mizniT araerTxel mivmarTeT saqarTvelos, rom gadmoeca integrirebuli marTvis gegma. mTavrobas mis momzadebaSi davexmarebiT. Cven ara marto moxsenebas movamzadebT, aramed CamovalT da adgilze SeviswavliT Zeglebis mdgomareobas. velodebiT saqarTvelos mTavrobis mowvevas~, _ acxadebs iunesko-s kulturuli memkvidreobis centris ufrosi metCilda rosleri. nika rurua am daskvnas gasaTvaliswinebel signals uwodebs _ `maT rekomendaciebs mxolod da mxolod yuradRebad da megobrul-profesiul daxmarebad aRviqvam~. gegmaze muSaoba ukve daiwyo. am etapze saministrosa da kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnuli saagentos warmomadgenlebi
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

specialistebis sxvadasxva jgufs xvdebian da iunesko-s rekomendaciebs ganixilaven. momavalSi Seiqmneba saxelmwifo komisia, romelSic, am ori uwyebis garda, qarTveli da ucxoeli eqspertebi, ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da sagareo saqmeTa saministroebis, turizmis departamentisa da mcxeTis adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebic CaerTvebian. xelovnebaTmcodne cicino CaCxunaSvils miaCnia, rom gansakuTrebuli safrTxis winaSea jvris monasteri, radgan Zegli iseT adgilasaa, sadac mudmivad uberavs qari, ris gamoc qva ifiteba. `jer kidev 30 wlis win ambobdnen specialistebi, _ jvris monasterSi reliefebi mosaxsnelia da maT nacvlad aslebi unda Caidgaso. bolo wlebSi iunesko-c sul gvwers, rom reliefebi mosaxsnelia. magram amas garkveuli problemebi axlavs _ sad waviRoT, rogor vumkurnaloT~, _ acxadebs is. saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs iseTi laboratoria, romelSic dazianebuli reliefebis mkurnaloba iqneba SesaZlebeli. Zeglebis mdgomareobas auaresebs vandaluri warwerebic, romelTa raodenobamac bolo dros gansakuTrebulad imata. saagentoSi uaxloes momavalSi samTavros arqeologiuri velis konservacia igegmeba. `samuSaoebi mimdinareobs da sazogadoeba am unikalur Zegls reabilitirebuls uaxloes momavalSi ixilavs~, _ acxadebs saagentos xelmZRvaneli. gaaqtiurebul sareabilitacio samuSaoebs mcxeTaSi CasvlisTanave SeniSnavT. male muzeum-qalaqSi yvela saxlis saxuravi wiTeli kramitiT gadaixureba, icvleba sveticxovlis mimdebare saxlebis fasadebi da Robeebi. ZeglTa dacvis saagentoSi miiCneven, rom samuSaoebi, romlebic amJamad mcxeTaSi tardeba, qalaqis mxatvrul-arqiteqturul saxes gaaumjobesebs. am etapze kulturis saministro erTian samoqmedo gegmas mdgomareobidan saukeTeso gamosavlad miiCnevs. `problema aris da mTlianobaSi bevri detalisgan Sedgeba. vswavlobT situacias, vswavlobT kanonier safuZvels, romelic SeiZleba kargia da SeiZleba _ ara. SesaZloa,

sakanonmdeblo bazac Seicvalos. saWiroa adgilze moqmedebac da es erToblioba, imedi maqvs, rezultats mogvcems~, _ acxadebs nika rurua. safrTxis winaSe mdgomi Zeglebis monitorings iunesko Caatarebs, gamoyofs daxmarebebsac. Tumca, rogorc xelovnebaTmcodne cicino CaCxunaSvili ambobs, Zeglze pasuxismgebloba saboloo jamSi im qveyanas ekisreba, romelSic is mdebareobs. dRes ki mcxeTis saeklesio nagebobebi, misi TqmiT, sapatriarqos mflobelobaSia. amitom maTze kanonis winaSe Tanabrad pasuxismgebelia saxelmwifoc, ZeglTa dacvis saagentos saxiT, da sapatriarqoc. iunesko-s istoriaSi arsebobs msgavsi pasuxismgeblobis gaazrebisa da ignorirebis faqtebic. magaliTad, wels safrTxis winaSe mdgomi Zeglebis nusxidan drezdenis elbas xeoba iunesko-m imitom amoiRo siidan, rom qalaqis mTavrobam ar gaiTvaliswina maTi rekomendaciebi, sasamarTlo davebis Semdeg arCevani, kulturis Zeglsa da ekonomikur gaTvlebs Soris, infrastruqturis ganviTarebis sasargeblod gaakeTa da xeobis SuagulSi oTxxaziani xidis mSenebloba daiwyo. msgavsi masStabis problema mcxeTas ar emuqreba. Tumca, gaamarTlebs Tu ara is sabolood msoflio kulturuli memkvidreobis statuss, qarTuli mxaris Zalisxmevazea damokidebuli.

`eqspertizis mier momzadebuli masalebis safuZvelze, mivediT im daskvnamde, rom mcxeTas seriozuli problemebi aqvs. monasteric da sakaTedro taZaric Zalian dazianebulia. gvaRelvebs aseve freskebis, qvis namuSevrebis mdgomareoba da fasadebis erozia~.
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Tvalsazrisi

Ciorebis kanonproeqti xarjze, kulturis inglisuri enis popularizacia, mSobliuri enis

saministros absurduli iniciativaa >>
giorgi lobJaniZe poeti, mTargmneli, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli profesori

9 ivnisis `kurieris~ saRamos gamoSvebidan erTi, rbilad rom vTqvaT, ucnauri ambavi Sevityve: parlaments, kulturis saministros iniciativiT, dauwyia kanonproeqtis ganxilva, romlis Tanaxmadac, saqarTvelos kinoTeatrebsa da qveynis televiziiT naCvenebi ucxouri filmebis qarTulad gaxmovaneba ikrZaleba da isini mxolod originalis enaze unda uCvenon, qarTuli subtitrebiT. ase xdeba yvela civilizebul qveyanaSi da saqarTvelo ratom unda iyos gamonaklisio! _ amtkicebda ministri da iqve dasZenda: ra Tqma unda, Cveni es iniciativa xels Seuwyobs msoflioSi dominanti enis _ inglisuris adaptacias da qarTul garemoSi gavrcelebaso. kanonproeqtis absurdulobas rom Tavi davaneboT, is utifroba, riTac es iniciativa sazogadoebas
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miawodes, nebismier Tavmoyvare (anu civilizebul) qveyanaSi samarTlian guliswyromas daimsaxurebda da iniciatorebs xalxis winaSe, sul mcire, seriozuli Tavis marTleba mainc mouwevdaT. saerTod, televiziidan da eleqtronuli mediidan ra qarTulic gvesmis, imis gamgones, xSirad mifiqria, am xalxs mSobliur enaze metyvelebas avukrZalavdi-meTqi, magram roca parlamentSi gansaxilvelad Sedis kanonproeqti, romlis Sedegadac qarTuli ena gaqreba iseTi mniSvnelovani segmentidan, rogoric satelevizio kinosivrcea, am dros ukve iumoris (Tundac Savi iumoris) adgilic ki aRarsad rCeba. 9 ivlisis satelevizio siuJetSi ise SesaniSnavad Canda am ideis namdvili iniciatori, rom Ciora TaqTaqiSvili uceb romelime misis atkin-

si an misis delovei megona! TviTon siuJetSi komentari am gogonas ar gaukeTebia, magram komitetis sxdomis reportaJidan Canda, rogori dabejiTebiT irjeboda axali kanonproeqtis sasargeblod, rogor gvimtkicebda imas, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovani iqneboda es kanonproeqti saqarTveloSi inglisuri enis swavlebisTvis. netav, erTxel mainc Tu yofila es xalxi qarTul sofelSi, sadac Sromisagan daCaCanakebul adamianebs saRamos televizoris yurebis araqaTic ki aRar aqvT da vinme kidevac rom miujdes ekrans, ara mgonia, originalis enaze uTargmnelad (gauxmovneblad) datovebuli filmebi gaigos. subtitrebs rac Seexeba, nu dagaviwydebaT, rom am iniciativis gatarebas iseT qveyanaSi apirebT, sadac kiliberali ivlisi #5 2009

Txvis done SemaSfoTeblad dabalia da mosaxleobis didi nawili wigns aRar kiTxulobs. albaT ukeTesi iqneboda, kiTxvis donis subtitrebiT amaRlebis nacvlad, kulturis saministros qveynis regionebsa da soflebSi biblioTekebis qselis reabilitacia-ganviTarebis sakiTxebze emuSava. komunistebs sulac ar mivtiri, magram faqtia, rom im avadsaxsenebel dros TiTqmis yvela sofelSi biblioTekac gamarTulad muSaobda da klubic, sadac, sxvaTa Soris, qarTulad gaxmovanebul ki ara da, dublirebul filmebs uCvenebdnen. `kurieris~ siuJetSi ki sagulisxmo iyo is, rom iniciativis lamis erTaderT mowinaaRmdegeebad mxolod gaxmovanebaze momuSave msaxiobebi mogvevlinen. batonma valeri korSiam Zalze moridebiT aRniSna: es xom Cven usamsaxurod datovebasac niSnavso! miuxedavad imisa, rom protestis motivacia, erTi SexedviT, merkantilurad gamoiyureba, nu gvegoneba, rom Tundac am adamianebis usamsaxurod datoveba da ukve arsebuli samuSao adgilebis mospoba CvenisTana Ratak qveyanaSi ioli saqme iyos. amiT, praqtikulad, qveynis kulturis saministro uars ambobs xalxze, romelTac, sxvaTa Soris, Tavisa da namdvili Semoqmedebis winaSe garkveuli kompromisis fasad, ase Tu ise, arsebobis saxsari iSoves. axla ki viRacis axirebis gamo, iZulebulni iqnebian, ukve SeCveul sferos sinanuliT gamoemSvidobon, saqmes, sadac

wlebis manZilze didi gamocdilebis dagroveba moaxerxes. magram mTavari mainc sul sxva ramaa _ mSobliur enasTan damokidebulebis sakiTxi, romelzec yvela Ciora valdebulia, sul sxvagvar tonalobaSi WikWikebdes! SemeZlo, Cemi naTqvamisa da qarTuli enis simdidris sailustraciod qarTveli Tu ucxoeli moazrovneebis uamravi gamonaTqvami momeyvana, magram axla amas ar gavakeTeb imitom, rom mowinaaRmdegeebi ritorikaSi CamiTvlian da saqmian replikas iseT nacionalistur demagogiaSi CamomarTmeven, rac me TviTon mTeli arsebiT mezizReba! Tumca, erTi ram SemiZlia sruli kategoriulobiT vTqva, rogorc ucxo enebis gamocdilma da ukve sakmaod staJianma pedagogma: ucxo enas mxolod is studentebi swavloben Rrmad da safuZvlianad, romelTac mSobliuri enis faqizi niuansebi ician da mSobliur enaze mwyobri azrovneba SeuZliaT. Tqveni kanonproeqti ki xels, ucxo enis gavrcelebasa da swavlebas ki ara, azrovnebis procesis daqsaqsvasa da daClungebas Seuwyobs, axali tipis saSiSi nevrozebis Camoyalibebas, fsiqikuri aSlilobebis im formebs, rac arasrulfasovnebisa da sakuTari Tavis uaryofis kompleqsebiT ikvebeba! qveynis evropizacia mosaxleobis mier damtvreul inglisurze laparaks sulac ar gulisxmobs. Tqvens

adgilas, dasavluri idealebis qarTul garemoSi adaptirebisaTvis im naSromTa qarTul Targmans wavaxalisebdi, romlebmac dRevandeli evropa da amerika Seqmnes, raTa xalxs mSobliur enaze Rrmad gaeazrebina mTeli is inteleqtualuri resursi, risi gamoyenebiTac dRevandeli msoflios mowinave qveynebma aseT warmatebas miaRwies. egeb idealisturad gamoiyurebodes is, rasac axla vityvi, magram Tqveni am kanonproeqtis sapirwoned, me sul sxva ideas gTavazobT: davaarsoT `Targmanis erovnuli centri~, romelic nawilobriv saxelmwifo dotaciis, nawilobriv ki ucxouri grantebis meSveobiT warmarTavs literaturuli Targmanis _ qarTuli azrovnebis ganviTarebisaTvis uaRresad saWiro da aucilebel _ process; koordinacias gauwevs ucxouri literaturisa da saetapo samecniero naSromebis qarTulad gadmoRebas. garda amisa, Targmanis am erovnuli centris daqvemdebarebaSi Sevides kinosatelevizio ganyofilebac, romelic ucxouri filmebis Targmanze ki ara, maT profesiul dublirebaze izrunebs. saqme es mgonia, Torem qveyanaSi, sadac mwerlebi, msaxiobebi, mTargmnelebi lamis SimSiliT gvexoceba, xalxis negatiur mexsierebas 9 ivlisis satelevizio siuJetSi ganxilulis msgavsi iniciativebi `CioraTa kanonproeqtis~ saxeliT SemorCeba!

janmrTeloba da finansuri krizisi

didi depresia miuxedavad imisa, rom mosaxleobis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis srulfasovani

kvleva arc erT samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo uwyebas ar Cautarebia, kavSiri fsiqikur janmrTelobasa da finansur kriziss Soris xiluli xdeba >>
Tiko comaia

jer kidev SarSan oqtomberSi msoflio jandacvis organizaciam wevri qveynebis saxelmwifoebi gaafrTxila, rom finansuri krizisis fonze, sazogadoebaSi aucileblad gaizrdeboda fsiqikuri aSlilobisa da TviTmkvlelobis SemTxvevebi. amitom organizaciis direqtorma margaret Cenma wevr qveynebs sagangebo rekomendacia misca: `mTaliberali ivlisi #5 2009

vrobebma mentaluri janmrTeloba jandacvis sistemis umniSvnelovanes nawilad unda aqcion~. saqarTveloSi sabanko kreditebsa da fsiqikur aSlilobas Soris kavSiris dadgena mxolod erTma, erTi Tvis win daarsebulma organizaciam scada. `samedicino socialuri centris~ kvlevis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi, sadac yovel meores

bankidan krediti aqvs aRebuli, kreditorTa absoluturi umravlesobisa da maTi ojaxis wevrebis fsiqo-emociuri mdgomareoba arastabiluria. uperspeqtivobisa da umweobis gancda, suiciduri azrebis gaCena, axali daavadebebis gamovlena, gaxSirebuli konfliqtebi da ojaxebis ngreva _ is problemebia, romelTa SemTxvevebmac,
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kvlevis mixedviT, imata. centris damfuZnebeli mariam CikvilaZe ganmartavs, rom mwiri dafinansebis gamo, kvlevaze sociologi studentebi daixmares. respondentebis winaswari SerCevis gareSe SeimuSaves kiTxvarebi da TbilisSi 2530 satelefono gamokiTxva Caatares. `Cem garSemo yvela amaze laparakobs, _ aRniSnavs mariami, _ isini ki, visac problemasTan gamklaveba evaleba, duman~. samTavrobo uwyebebma kvlevas yuradReba ar miaqcies. erT-erTi mizezi isicaa, rom, eqspertebis SefasebiT, kvlevis dizaini ar iZleva ganzogadebis saSualebas. kvlevis meTodologia zedmiwevniT daxvewili unda iyos imisTvis, rom finansur krizissa da kreditorTa mZime fsiqo-emociur mdgomareobas Soris pirdapiri kavSiris dadgena SevZloT. rogorc sazogadoebrivi jandacvis eqsperti mamuka jibuti ambobs, fsiqikuri problemebis xarisxiani Sefaseba mxolod aprobirebuli universaluri kiTxvarebisa da sqemebis mixedviT SeiZleba. es meTodologia kvlevis avtorebs ar gamouyenebiaT. amis gamo ki, gamoricxuli ar aris, kvlevaSi dafiqsirebuli fsiqikuri problemebi umuSevrobasTan, omTan da arastabilur garemosTanac iyos dakavSirebuli da ara mxolod bankidan gamotanil kreditTan. mosaxleobis fsiqikuri mdgomareoba sxvadasxva indikatorze dakvirvebiT fasdeba; izrdeba

avtoavariebis ricxvi, adamianebi Warb alkohols moixmaren. matulobs suicidis raodenobac. konkretulad sakredito problemebTan mimarTebaSi am indikatorTa gaanalizeba arc jandacvis saministros da arc sxva uwyebebs ucdiaT, miuxedavad imisa, rom `Tibisi bankis~ monacemebiT, problemuri sesxebis raodenoba wels 3-jer gaizarda. Sinagan saqmeTa saministros monacemebiT ki dasturdeba, rom 2007 wlidan dRemde TviTmkvlelobebis ricxvma qveyanaSi 1.5 jer moimata. igive dinamika SeiniSneba TviTmkvlelobis mcdelobis raodenobis mxrivac: 2007 wels dafiqsirebuli 1900-mde SemTxvevidan 2009 wlis monacemebi 2731-mde gaizarda. Tu 2007 wels 5000 avaria moxda, dRevandeli monacemebiT, SemTxvevebis raodenoba 8000-s aRemateba. SeiniSneba alkoholiT Trobis faqtebis ricxvis zrdac. Tumca, imis gamo, rom fsiqikur problemebs Tan axlavs stigma, am sferoSi zusti statistikis dadgena SeuZlebelia. mentaluri problemebis mqone adamianebi yovelTvis ar mimarTaven specialur dawesebulebebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom fsiqiatriul momsaxurebas CvenTan saxelmwifo afinansebs. CvenTan arc fsiqologiuri momsaxurebaa ganviTarebuli da, rac mTavaria, fasis gamo, dabali socialuri mdgomareobis adamianebisTvis arc xelmisawvdomia. fsiqologiuri daxmareba mxolod

respondentTa da maTi ojaxis wevrTa fsiqo-emociuri mdgomareoba

uperspeqtivobis gancda qonebis dakargvis molodini depresiuli mdgomareoba umweobis gancda qron. stresuli mdgomareoba suicidaluri azrebi varT imedianad

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`samedicino socialuri centris~ kvleva

erT-erTi rgolia adamianis krizisidan gamosayvanad, problemis mosagvareblad saWiroa saxelmwifos mxridan kompleqsuri midgoma. magaliTad, iseTi, rogoric finansuri krizisis dros did britaneTs hqonda. iq krizisTan gamklavebisTvis saWiro RonisZiebebis mTeli kompleqsi saxelmwifos mier Catarebuli safuZvliani kvlevis Sedegad gansazRvres. kvlevaze momuSave oTxasma eqspertma, rekomendaciebi ganaTlebis, biznesis, ministrebis, damsaqmeblebis, bankirebis, individebisaTvis SeimuSava. am naSromis mixedviT, erT-erTi saWirboroto sakiTxi fsiqikur aSlilobasa da sesxs Soris arsebuli pirdapiri kavSiri iyo. kvlevis avtori, profesori raCel jenkinsi ambobs, rom sesxs sazogadoebriv jandacaze didi zegavlena aqvs. sesxis mqone adamianebis naxevars awuxebs mentaluri problemebi. maT, danarCen mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT, samjer metad gamoexatebaT depresia da fsiqozi, ormagi safrTxe arsebobs alkoholze damokidebulebis ganviTarebis, 4-jer meti riski ki _ wamaldamokidebulebis Camosayalibeblad. misi TqmiT, aucilebelia kreditorebis daxmareba sesxisgan Tavis daRwevaSi, aseve mniSvnelovania sabanko institutebisaTvis mxardaWeris gamocxadeba. bankebi informirebulebi unda iyvnen, rom maT klientebs SeiZleba fsiqikuri problemebi gamouvlindeT da rom problemebis gadasaWrelad daxmareba sWirdebaT. TbilisSi, `socialuri medicinis centris mkvlevarebma~ igive aqcentebi dasves: maT rekomendaciebSi aRniSnulia, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam yuradReba unda dauTmos sazogadoebis fsiqikuri janmrTelobis problemas. Seqmnili mZime viTareba ganmuxtos, erTi mxriv, sabanko seqtoris, meore mxriv ki, kreditorebis mxardaWeriT. fsiqologebi ki adamianebis stimulirebisTvis sxvagvar meqanizmebs floben. isini moqalaqeebs urCeven, ekonomikuri krizisi aRiqvan, rogorc katalizatori gamowvevebis daZlevisa da axali miznebis misaRwevad.
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

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wignebi agora - Zveli berZnuli viagra

malxaz xarbedia

erTi Zveli xumroba arsebobs: odesRac, Turme aTena da poseidoni kamaTobdnen, Tu vin unda gamxdariyo atikis mfarveli. kamaTSi, cxadia, aTenas gaumarjvia, amiT ganrisxebul poseidons ki aTenelebi dauwyevlia: `dae im TavianTi sakrebulos sxdomebze mxolod suleluri gadawyvetilebebi miiRon~!-o. wyevla aTenas gamousworebia: `dae es suleluri gadawyvetilebebi aTenelebs yovelTvis sasikeTod mobrunebodeT~!-o. verafers ityvi, zustad mizanSi artyamdnen Zvelebi, Tanac demokratiis saTaveebidan gamosrolili es xumroba dResac xvdeba mizanSi. cnobilia, rom demokratia Zvel saberZneTSi iSva, Tumca, Tuki dRes warmodgenili 992-gverdiani wignis avtors, jon kins vendobiT, pirveli demokratiuli institutebi klasikuri xanis aTenze gacilebiT adre, Zv. w. III aTaswleulSi Seqmnila SumerSi (arsebobs wyaro, romlis Tanaxmadac, Sumeris wminda qalaq nipurSi erTerTi mkvlelobis saqmeze gadawyvetileba nipuris sakrebulom miiRo), zustad im adgilas, sadac ramdenime wlis win buSis demokratiam `izeima~. `demokratiamdeli demokratia~ Semdegac araerTxel gvxvdeboda sxvadasxva sazogadoebebsa Tu epoqebSi, sanam antikur xanaSi misi klasikuri gageba ar Camoyalibda. saukuneebis Semdeg misi mniSvneloba borblis gamogonebas gautoles (ase fiqrobs Cveni wignis avtoric). borbaliviT, arc mas hyolia erTi konkretuli avtori, mis miRma ar mdgaran arqimedeebi da niutonebi, Tumca igi dRemde mainc rCeba erT-erT yvelaze did gamogonebad. demokratia adamianuri ocnebidan iSva da es ocneba axlac batonobs, axdenili Tu auxdeneli. demokratiis pirveli mexotbe herodote iyo. swored masTan Cndeba termini `demokratia~, da igi maSin jer kidev `Tanasworobis~ (Zv. berZ. isonomia) sinonimad gamoiyeneboda, magram ukve aRniSnavda marTvis axal formas, romelic tiranias upirispirdeboda.
liberali ivlisi #5 2009

demokratiis mniSvneloba da arsi ganuwyvetliv icvleboda, swored amitomac, jon kini mis sam qronologiur tips gamoyofs. 1. yvelaze arqauli, sakrebulos demokratiaa (Assembly Democracy), romlis saukeTeso nimuSsac aTenis demokratia warmoadgenda, sadac yvelas kargad hqonda gacnobierebuli, rom Tuki Tavad moqalaqe ar gamoesarCleboda saxelmwifos (da ara saxelmwifo moxeleebs), mis nacvlad, amas aravin izamda. sadac yvelas hqonda azris gamoTqmis saSualeba, sadac `agora viagras rols TamaSobda~ (j. kini). aTenisa da atikis 25 aTasi moqalaqidan daaxloebiT 2 000-s yovelwliurad raRac Tanamdeboba ekava. am Tanamdebobebis umravlesobis orjer dakaveba SeuZlebeli iyo. Sesabamisad, yoveli Tavisufali aTeneli cxovrebaSi erTxel mainc iyo moxvedrili maRal Tanamdebobaze, zogierT maTgans ki mravaljer ekava sxvadasxva posti da met-naklebad yvela Caxeduli iyo saxelmwifo ambebSi. Semdegi nabiji iyo romi, adreSuasaukuneebis evropa (mag. islandiis parlamenti, alTingi), islamuri samyaro, otomanTa batonobamde da a.S. 2. warmomadgenlobiTi demokratia (Representative Democracy). X saukunidan moyolebuli demokratia axal istoriul fazaSi Sedioda, romlis mizidulobis centric atlantikuri regioni iyo, evropidan _ niu-iorkbaltimoramde da buenos-airesamde. es epoqa iberiis naxevarkunZulze islamuri civilizaciis winaaRmdeg brZoliT daiwyo da tragikulad dasrulda me-20 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi demokratiuli institutebis ngreviT da diqtatoruli reJimebis CamoyalibebiT. misi ZiriTadi arsi imaSi mdgomareobda, rom adamianebi Tavad irCevdnen maT, visac maTi interesebi unda daecva parlamentSi an sxva arCeviT organoSi. 3. monitoringis demokratia gaxlavT (Monitory Democracy), romelic 1945 wels, omis Semdgom iSva da swored aqedan moyolebuli iqca

The Life and Death of Democracy by John Keane

demokratiis cxovreba da sikvdili

jon kini demokratia `universalur Rirebulebad~ (amartia seni). am periodSi demokratiuli gaxda samyaros erTi mesamedi, 192-dan 119 qveyana. amave periodSi daiwyo Zalauflebis kontrolis, monitoringis meqanizmebis Seqmnac, romelic manamde ar arsebobda demokratiul samyaroSi. avtoris azriT, am meqanizmebma bolo dros Zalze ucnauri formebi miiRes da misi Sedegebi, Cemi azriT, dRes saqarTveloSic aSkarad gamoCnda, risi erT-erTi magaliTicaa 2008 wels `egzitpol-inteleqtualebis~ sruli SemadgenlobiT gadabargeba xelisuflebaSi, aseve zogierTi `arasamTavrobosa~ da `xelisuflebis~ erToblivi zRaprebi, saxelad `sayovelTao gamWvirvaloba~. kinis am naSromis erT-erTi mTavari debuleba `demokratiis istoriis demokratizebaa~ da wignSi marTlac auareba axal faqtsa Tu saintereso mignebas ixilavs farTo mkiTxveli. Tumca avtori im farul safrTxeebsac moniSnavs, demokratiul Rirebulebebs rom emuqreba Tavad `demokratebisgan~. samwuxarod, dRevandeli qarTuli politikuri realoba am safrTxeebis namdvili sacavia.

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interviu

kompromisi moklevadiani da saSualovadiani amocanebis gadasawyvetad

nino beqiSvili
daviT usufaSvili respublikuri partiis Tavmjdomare

espublikuri partiis Tavmjdomarem me-13 yrilobis Semdeg ultranacionalisturi gancxadebebiT cnobil `erovnul forumTan~ aliansis SesaZleblobaze isaubra. cxadia, rom saqarTveloSi saerTo miznis misaRwevad SeiZleba yvelaze warmoudgeneli politikuri aliansebic ganxorcieldes. dRevandeli realoba liberalur Zalas sakuTar politikur platformaze uaris Tqmas aiZulebs, Tumca daviT usufaSvili Tvlis, rom amgvari gaerTianebebi droebiTia da partiis Rirebulebebs safrTxis qveS ar ayenebs.

qvas, rogorc Rirebulebebis mimarT kompromisi.

liberali aba rad unda aRviqvaT?

mocemul realobaSi, roca respublikelebs mxars uWers mosaxleobis 15%, is sakuTar Rirebulebebs politikaSi marto ver gaatarebs. aq mTavari isaa, rom sapirispiro Rirebulebis matarebel partniorTan ar aRmoCnde.
liberali fiqrobT, rom Tqven da `forums~ erTi da igive Rirebulebebi gaqvT? ar ggoniaT, rom aseT dros amomrCevlis nawils kargavT da esec kompromisia? TavisTavad is, rom am qveyanaze cxovrob, ukve kompromisia. zogadad, socialuri urTierTobebi gulisxmobs am kompromiss. amomrCevlis erTi nawili Zalian gagvibrazda, roca gaerTianebul opoziciaSi dagvinaxa, meore nawili gagvibrazda maSin, roca calke partiam miiRo monawileoba gasul saparlamento arCevnebSi. paata zaqareiSvili, Cveni saukeTeso medroSe Rirebulebebis propagandis TvalsazrisiT, am yrilobaze meSvide Tu merve maCvenebliT airCies erovnul komitetSi. paata, SesaZloa, Cvenive wevrebis TvalSic politikurad aramomgebianad msjelobs, magram mas delegatebma maRali ndoba gamoucxades, imitom, rom simarTles laparakobs. magram Tu respublikuri partia marto paata zaqareiSvilis gamosvlebi iqneba, politikur warmatebas ver mivaRwevT. Cven ar varT misionerebi, romlebmac unda viqadagoT, da mere vinme an gamogyveba, an ara. mniSvnelovania, rom yovel konkretul momentSi gadadga swori nabiji. Rirebuleba institutad unda aqcio, amocana swored esaa _ Seiqmnas institutebi, da am insti-

tutebis fundamenti Rirebulebebi iyos. am Rirebulebebis dasamkvidreblad ki xelisuflebis ganxorcielebaSi unda miiRo monawileoba. SarSan saparlamento arCevnebSi marto gavediT. marTalia, xelisuflebam arCevnebi gaayalba, magram faqtia, Tavisufalic rom yofiliyo, 30% mxardaWeras mainc ver miviRebdiT. amitom, valdebuli varT, viTanamSromloT sxvebTanac.
liberali maxsovs, Tqvenma wevrebma SarSan eklesiis Temaze komentaris gakeTebisgan Tavi Seikaves, mxolod imitom, rom saerTo opoziciur speqtrs gauwies angariSi. realurad gzRudavT Tu ara amgvar koaliciaSi yofna? politikuri procesi am qveyanaSi jer ar dawyebula. imedi gvqonda, rom 2003 wlidan daiwyeboda, magram ase ar moxda. aq jer elementaruli Tavisuflebebi ar arsebobs _ sasamarTlos, mediis, biznesis Tavisufleba. sanam es ar aris uzrunvelyofili, manamde srulfasovani partiuli cxovreba da Rirebulebebis Tu principebis meSveobiT warmatebaze orientireba SeuZlebelia. jer saxelmwifo ar gvaqvs _ ara mxolod teritoriuli problemebis, aramed swored instituciuri problemebis gamo. am viTarebaSi Cveni mxridan upasuxismgebloba da narcisizmiT gataceba iqneboda, rom gveTqva, _ `Cveni valia, marTlebi viyoT, axla ar gesmiT, rom marTlebi varT, 20 wlis Semdeg dainaxavT!~ mTeli 20 welia, nebismier Temaze SemiZlia vTqva, _ `xom geubnebodiT!~ sakuTari Tavmoyvareobis Tu ambiciebis dasakmayofileblad es kmara, magram Sedegi ra aris? amitom, vTvliT, rom aliansTan, an ufro farTo koaliciasTan erTad muSaoba Cveni valia. liberali ivlisi #5 2009

liberali dRes laparakia aliansis gafarToebaze. iTqva isic, rom SeiZleba moxdes Tqveni gaerTianeba `erovnul forumTan~. Seicvleba Tu ara Tqveni politikuri platforma? aseT jgufebTan aliansSi ramdenad geqnebaT saSualeba, liberaluri Rirebulebebi daicvaT? axla `forumTan~ gaerTianebaze laparaki ar aris adekvaturi. roca aliansi SevqmeniT, maSinve vTqviT, rom is politikuri partiebis daxuruli klubi ar iqneboda. ar aris gamoricxuli, sxvebTanac movZebnoT saerTo ena moklevadiani Tu saSualovadiani politikuri amocanebis gadasawyvetad. dRes respublikelebi `aliansSi~ varT, magram es samudamo arCevans ar niSnavs. Cveni moklevadiani amocanaa is procesi, romelmac samarTlian da Tavisufal arCevnebamde unda migviyvanos. saSualovadiani ki _ arCevnebSi monawileobas da Semdegi erTi ciklis ganmavlobaSi pasuxismgeblobis gadanawilebas gulisxmobs. ase rom, aliansic droebiTia. koaliciebSi Sesvla sazogadoebam ar unda aRi-

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foto levan xerxeuliZe