Presented By: Ram Narayan Prasad RD1007B30

Machine Structure is the practical art of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create computers that meet functional, performance and cost goals and the formal modeling of those systems.

Instruction set architecture, or ISA. The ISA is the code that a central processor reads and acts upon. It is the machine language, including the instruction set, word size, memory address modes, processor registers, and address and data formats. Micro architecture, also known as Computer organization describes the data paths, data processing elements and data storage elements, and describes how they should implement the ISA. The size of a computer's CPU cache for instance, is an organizational issue that generally has nothing to do with the ISA.

Memory: What is the basic unit, size and addressing scheme of memory? Registers: How Many Registers are there? What are their size, function and interrelationship? Data: What types of the data can be handled? How is this data stored? Instructions: What are the classes of instructions on the machine? What are their formats? How are they stored? Special Features: What is the interrupt structure of the machine? What type of protection mechanism is available?

Instruction Interpreter: Instruction Interpreter is a group of electrical circuits hardware that performs the intent of instructions fetched from memory. Location Counter: Location counter also called PC or IC is a hardware memory device which denotes the location of current instruction being executed. Instruction Register: A copy of the current instruction is stored in Instruction Register. Memory Address Register: Memory Address Register contains the address of memory location that is to read from or stored in to.

 Memory

Buffer Register:

Memory Buffer Register Contains a copy of the designated memory location specified by the MAR after a read or the new contents of the memory location prior to write. Memory Controller: Memory Controller is a hardware that transfers data between the MBR and the core memory location the address of which is in the Memory Address Register. I/O Channels : Which interpret special instructions for inputting and outputting information from the memory.

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Series System/360 System/370 System/390 Z-Series System z9 System z10