This drawing shows schematically the drainage channels and minimum structural requirements.

Details of the structural, geotechnical and foundation systems are to be designed by Qualified Persons.

100

50
GAP TO BE FILLED UP WITH CEMENT MORTAR (1: 3)

13 x 50 APPROVED SELF EXPANDING CORK JOINT-SEALER

R.C. SLAB
100

R.C. SLAB

1:40

EQ

1:40
50

GEOTEXTILE COMPLYING WITH TABLE SHOWN IN DRAWING NO . 3

20

THICKNESS OF BASE OR WALL

EQ

13 THK. APPROVED JOINT FILLER

25

PRECAST UNIT JOINT

65 DIA PVC WEEPHOLES AT 1.5m C/C STAGGERED

STANDARD EXPANSION JOINT

MASS CONCRETE

HANDPITCHED HARDCORE ALONG THE WHOLE LENGTH

BENCHING

OF THE DRAIN

TOP WIDTH OF DRAIN

MASS CONCRETE BENCHING
WIDTH (SEE TABLE)

BOTTOM WIDTH OF D.W.F. 0.3m 0.6m 0.9m 1.2m 1.8m 2.1m

DEPTH OF D.W.F. 0.125m 0.150m 0.150m 0.200m 0.250m 0.300m

WIDTH (SEE TABLE)

< 3.0m
> 3.0m TO 4.5m

REINFORCED CONCRETE
1:30 FALL

1:30 FALL
1 1:

1 1:

> 4.5m TO 6.0m > 6.0m TO 9.0m

LEAN CONCRETE HARDCORE BLINDED WITH SAND

300

> 9.0m TO 12.0m > 12.0m

(PILING AND FOUNDATION DETAILS TO BE DESIGNED BY QP.)

(PILING AND FOUNDATION DETAILS TO BE DESIGNED BY QP.)

U-DRAIN

BOX CULVERT

NOTES:
1 EXPANSION JOINTS SHALL BE PROVIDED AT MAX. 35m INTERVALS AT THE BASE AND WALLS
OF ALL CAST-IN-SITU DRAINS. SUCH JOINTS SHALL HAVE A GAP OF 13mm PACKED WITH AN

APPROVED JOINT FILLER AND CAULKED

WITH AN APPROVED SELF EXPANDING CORK JOINT-SEALER.

ALL REINFORCEMENTS SHALL NOT BE CARRIED THROUGH AN EXPANSION JOINT. 2

ROLLED & CLOSE-TURFED
1:40 1:40

ALL PRECAST UNITS SHALL BE LAID CLOSE. THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE GAP IS 50mm. ALL GAPS SHALL BE FILLED WITH 1:3 MIX CEMENT MORTAR.

3
100

ALL PRECAST AND REINFORCED CONCRETE SHALL BE GRADE 30 OR HIGHER GRADES.

4 5

ALL MASS CONCRETE

SHALL BE GRADE 25 OR HIGHER GRADES.

ALL LEAN CONCRETE SHALL BE GRADE 15.

MILD STEEL AND HIGH TENSILE STEEL REINFORCEMENTS SHALL CONFORM TO SS2

REINFORCED

CONCRETE

65 DIA P.V.C. WEEPHOLES AT 1.5m C/C STAGGERED.

7 FABRIC MESH REINFORCEMENTS SHALL CONFORM TO SS2

8 MINIMUM REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB THICKNESS SHALL BE 150mm.

GEOTEXTILE COMPLYING WITH TABLE SHOWN IN MASS CONCRETE BENCHING
HANDPITCHED HARDCORE ALONG THE

MAIN REINFORCEMENTS SHALL HAVE MINIMUM CLEAR COVERS OF 70mm. (WATER FACE) AND 50mm (EARTH FACE)

DRAWING NO . 3
HANDPITCHED HARDCORE ALONG THE WIDTH (SEE TABLE)

10

THE CONSTRUCTED DRAINS SHALL NOT CAUSE PONDING AT THE EMBANKMENTS OF U-DRAINS & TRAPEZOIDAL DRAINS AND AT THE TOP SLAB OF BOX CULVERT.

WHOLE LENGTH OF THE DRAIN.

WHOLE LENGTH OF THE DRAIN.

1:30 FALL
1 :1

1:30 FALL

11

IN THE DESIGN OF U-DRAINS, UPHEAVE MUST BE CONSIDERED. THE WALLS OF U-DRAINS SHALL BE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND A LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE OF 10 kN/m ON THE BANKS.
2

LEAN CONCRETE HARDCORE BLINDED WITH SAND LEAN CONCRETE

12

IN THE DESIGN OF TRAPEZOIDAL DRAINS, STABILITY OF THE SLOPE AND UPHEAVE MUST BE
2 CONSIDERED. A LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE OF 10 kN/m ON THE BANKS SHALL BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.

13
(PILING AND FOUNDATION DETAILS TO BE DESIGNED BY QP.)

FOR DRAINS THAT ARE ADJACENT TO ROADS AND ARE AFFECTED BY VEHICULAR LOADING, A LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE OF 20 kN/m SHALL BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION IN THE DESIGN OF DRAINS.
2

14

BOX CULVERTS SHALL BE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND BRIDGE LOADING IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAND TRANSPORT AUTHORITYs STANDARDS.

TRAPEZOIDAL DRAIN
15 ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED.

DRAWING NO. 1

U-SHAPED & TRAPEZOIDAL DRAINS AND BOX CULVERT