IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST BENEFICEINT, THE MOST MERCIFUL

Origin and Occurrence of Petroleum in Subsurface

Presented by

Syed Adnan Ahmed

Origin Of Petroleum
Over the years scientists have proposed a number of theories about how oil and gas originated
Two

opposing theories Inorganic Organic

Inorganic Origin
Few geologist and scientist today believe in these theories which include:
Originating Formed

from volcanic explosions

by reaction between various substance and rocks such as limestone which contain carbon

Organic Origin
Current modern theories accept a primary organic source for hydrocarbon on basis of following evidence:
Substances

in petroleum have similar molecular structure to organic substances isolated from plants and animal. Over 99% of petroleum found to date is systematically related to most of rocks contains organic matter. Many crude oils contain identifiable remains of ancient plants or animals.

Occurrence
There are five conditions that are essential for occurrence of oil

a source rock a reservoir rock a migration path a trap and

a seal

source rock
thick

shale or limestone, containing organic material and its organic contents were deposited under airless conditions buried, and that it "cooked" at a favorable temperature for a sufficient time

rock

rapidly

Reservoir rock
very

porous and very permeable

original

porosity depends on grain character and depositional conditions original permeability depends on the space between grains

The

migration path

This may be a permeable rock or a permeable zone of fracture

trap

In structural traps, the search is for vertical closure

seal
impermeable

cap-rock (such as a thick layer of salt, or an unfractured shale, or a dense and unfractured limestone).

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