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Near field (NFC) Body (BAN) Personal (PAN) Near-me (NAN) Local (LAN)
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Campus (CAN) Backbone Metropolitan (MAN) Wide (WAN) Internet Interplanetary Internet
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A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computerized devices, including telephones and personal digital assistants. PANs can be used for communication among the personal devices themselves (intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet (an uplink). A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a PAN carried over wireless network technologies such as IrDA, Bluetooth, Wireless USB, Z-Wave, ZigBee, or even Body Area Network. The reach of a WPAN varies from a few centimeters to a few meters. A PAN may also be carried over wired computer buses such as USB and FireWire.
Contents
1 Wireless Personal Area Network o 1.1 Bluetooth o 1.2 Infrared Data Association o 1.3 WiFi o 1.4 Body Area Network 2 See also 3 References 4 External links
A Bluetooth PAN is also called a piconet (combination of the prefix "pico," meaning very small or one trillionth, and network), and is composed of up to 8 active devices in a master-slave relationship (a very large number of devices can be connected in "parked" mode). The first Bluetooth device in the piconet is the master, and all other devices are slaves that communicate with the master. A piconet typically has a range of 10 metres (33 ft), although ranges of up to 100 metres (330 ft) can be reached under ideal circumstances. Recent innovations in Bluetooth antennas have allowed these devices to greatly exceed the range for which they were originally designed. At DEF CON 12, a group of hackers known as "Flexilis" successfully connected two Bluetooth devices more than half a mile (800 m) away. They used an antenna with a scope and Yagi antenna, all attached to a rifle stock. A cable attached the antenna to a Bluetooth card in a computer. They later named the antenna "The BlueSniper."[citation needed] Infrared Data Association Infrared Data Association (IrDA) uses infrared light, which has a frequency below the human eye's sensitivity. Infrared in general is used, for instance, in TV remotes. Typical WPAN devices that use IrDA include printers, keyboards, and other serial data interfaces.[1] WiFi WiFi uses radio waves for connection over distances up to around 91 metres, usually in a local area network (LAN) environment. Wifi can be used to connect local area networks, to connect cellphones to the Internet to download music and other multimedia, to allow PC multimedia content to be stream to the TV (Wireless Multimedia Adapter), and to connect video game consoles to their networks (Nintendo WiFi Connection). Body Area Network Main article: Body Area Network The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (December 2011) This section's factual accuracy is disputed. (December 2011) Body Area Networks is the IEEE 802.15.6 standard based on transmission via the capacitive near field of human skin allowing Near field communication of devices worn by and near the wearer.[2] Skinplex implementation can detect and communicate up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) from a human body. It is already used for access control for door locks and jamming protection in convertible car roofs.
See also
Body Area Network DASH7 IEEE 802.15 Internalnet Ultra-wideband and FM-UWB networks Z-Wave ZigBee 6lowpan RuBee
References
1. ^ Charles D. Knutson with Jeffrey M. Brown, IrDA Principles and Protocols, 2004, ISBN 0-9753892-0-3 2. ^ "IEEE 802.15 WPAN Task Group 6 (TG6) Body Area Networks". IEEE Standards Association. 09-Jun-2011. Retrieved 09-dec-2011.
External links
Intrabody Signalling by Tom Zimmerman and Neil Gershenfeld o Archived version with working downloads ASPAN - Next Generation Personal Area Networks [show]
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Telecommunications (general)
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