TOPIC 10 SUM, DIFFERENCE, AND DOUBLE-ANGLE IDENTITIES

Alberta Ed Learning Outcome: Prove Trigonometric Identities using: - Reciprocal Identities - Quotient Identities - Pythagorean Identities - Sum or Difference Identities - Double-Angle Identities. [R, T, V] We begin our study of the sum, difference, and double-angle identities by considering the statement
Is this true? Use your calculator to check.

Explore 1

Identifying a formula for

and

Refer to the special triangles provided to label the sides AE and EF. Determine the scale factor by which the special triangle is multiplied to obtain AE. Use the scale factor to determine and label the sides AB and BE. (exact values) 1. Determine the sides and angles for triangle FCE. 2. Identify and label the angles equal to 3. Determine the sides for triangle ADF. 4. Use the completed diagram to determine the exact value of that is, and . ( ) and ( ).

5. Determine the exact value of

that is,

and

The Trigonometric Addition / Subtraction Formulas:

Explore 2

Verifying the formulas

Refer back to the special triangles and the diagram you completed on the previous page. Use the diagram to find the exact value of that is, and . Use the special triangles / exact values of and to again evaluate and , this time using the formulas.

Explore 3

Developing Formulas for

, and

Refer to the addition / subtraction formulas provided To develop a formula for , use the provided formula for
Make both angles equal, and add them

, with

and

Repeat this process for

) and

Connect

The addition/subtraction/double-angle formulas for provided on your formula sheet. Common types of problems include:
Simplifying an expression such as Solution: Pattern is that of So, ), with

, and

are all

to a single term and

Determining the exact value of an expression - such as

(where the indicated angle is not a unit circle angle, but can be expressed as the sum or difference of two angles that are on the unit circle!) Solution - Split angles such as: into two unit circle

Then re-write using the applicable formula:

Proving an identity such as

(Here we can use the identity #10 below) , a complete proof is provided in question

Simplifying an expression such as

(Here we can use the identities for ) and ) to simplify)

Solving an equation such as

(Here we can use the identity

;
to be able to factor and solve for .

or or

Practice

Worked Examples:
Use the appropriate addition/ subtraction formula to evaluate:

You Try:
1. Use the appropriate formula to evaluate: cos(90 30)

Use

Note: Since , we could have evaluated to get 0. For later problems we will not have that option!

Use the Pythagorean Identity to express the identity entirely in terms of . Pyth. Identity is So we can re-arrange to get So now This is

2. Use the Pythagorean Identity to express the identity entirely in terms of .

Express as a single trigonometric function: sin100 cos 20 cos100 sin20 Use given fits that pattern! , So we have as what were

3. Express as a single trig function: (a) cos 50 cos 20 sin50 sin20

(b)

(c)

Express as a single trigonometric function:

4. Express as a single trigonometric function:

Use

, with

Use the appropriate double-angle formula to evaluate: cos(2 240) Use , with

5. Use the appropriate double-angle formula to evaluate: (a) sin(2 330)

(b)

Express as a single trigonometric function: 2 sin 45 cos 45 Use , with

6. Express as a single trig function: (a) 2 sin60 cos 60

(b) cos 2

sin2

Given cos A and

3 5 and cos B , where 0 A 2 5 13

7. Given cos A

3 B 2 , find the exact value of 2 cos(A B ) .

4 7 and sin B , where 5 25 3 3 A 2 and B , find the exact 2 2 value of sin(A B ) .

Use
Given, Given, We need these two! )

Lets get

: (Angle

is in Quad I, since
adj hyp By Pyth. Theorem, the OPP side is 4.

Next get

: (Angle

is in Quad IV, since

adj hyp By Pyth. Theorem, the OPP side is -12.

Finally,

Simplify the function Use

8. Simplify the function

13 12 First, change the angle to degrees so its easier to come up with two unit circle angles that add or subtract to it.
Find the exact value of cos

9. Find the exact value of each: (a) sin

12

Next, come up with two unit circle angles that add or subtract to .

Finally, use

(b)

Prove the identity:

2 tan x sin 2x 1 tan2 x

10. Prove the identity

1 tan2 x cos 2x 1 tan2 x

LS

RS

Answers: 1. 2.

3. (a) 6. (a) (b) 7.

(b) 8.

(c) 9. (a)

4. (b)

5. (a)

(b)

11.

12.

13.

14.