Broadband on trains Generic description

Solution description

Table of contents
1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................3 2. THE ONBOARD ARCHITECTURE.....................................................................................................4 2.1 THE MAIN SERVER CG6400...................................................................................................................4 2.1.1 Technical data - hardware...........................................................................................................5 2.1.2 Functional description of onboard software................................................................................6 2.2 ROOF TOP ANTENNA................................................................................................................................10 2.3 THE SECONDARY RACK: WDS200..........................................................................................................11 2.3.1 Technical data............................................................................................................................11 2.3.2 Features......................................................................................................................................13 2.4 OPTIONAL: CERTIFICATION OF MAIN EQUIPMENT..........................................................................................14 2.5 ON TRAIN TV SCREENS...........................................................................................................................15 3. SERVICES PROPOSAL........................................................................................................................17 3.1 SUPPORT MODEL....................................................................................................................................17 4. ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................................................18

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1.

Introduction

Nokia Siemens Networks is the global market leader in railways solutions, covering a full range of railways solutions and applications such as GSM-R, Broadband on trains infotainment on trains and many more railway applications. With the Broadband on trains solution Nokia Siemens Networks provides a complete end to end solution with services such as equipment delivery installation, maintenance, operations, marketing and end to end project management. Our proven BBot (Broadband on trains) solution is based on a Modular System with Open Architecture and Standard Interfaces and Protocols to satisfy specific railway operators need for further extension of various additional services for passengers and/or train staff. The technical solution comprises three building blocks on train infrastructure, a ground to train communication system and an on-land network operation centre. All on train infrastructure is designed to meet with international train regulations. Our proven solution provides a reliable, continuous service supported by all available backhaul solutions.

Figure 1: Generic BB on Trains architecture

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2.

The onboard architecture

The main server CG6400

The CG 6400 is the central broadband communication platform containing all main features and functions. The unit acts as a communication gateway between the onboard applications and the centralized on land equipment. In order to maximize data bandwidth and improve the overall ground to train connectivity, multiple data backhauls are managed simultaneously via the mobile access router (MAR) located in the CG 6400. The CG6400 comes in a railway compliant standard configuration (3U, 19inch). The standard unit is future proof and can be easily expanded with additional applications and network cards. The CG 6400 unit can be easily connected with outside rooftop antennas supporting mobile networks working in a wide range of frequency bands.

Figure 2: CG6400 Standard configuration

Figure 3: CG6400 project specific design

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2.1.1 Technical data - hardware

The CG6400 may consist following railway compliant hardware: A AC/DC 110V power supply. It is assumed that for connection of the power (110Volt DC) connectors are delivered by the customer. For the main rack a Harting connector nr 09 06 215 2871 + H15 shell housing need to be provided. A CPCI frame with one backplane. One 3 U Compact PCI Celeron M722 processor unit with 2GB RAM and 2GB CF memory for running the MAR software Two 3U carrier boards each can carry two mini PCI-X modem modules. One mini-PCI-X WLAN (802.11a,b,g,draft-n) 3 mini-PCI-X 2G/3G/LTE modem modules, each supporting: o GPRS:
GPRS / EDGE Multi-slot Class 12 (4 slots Rx, 4 slots Tx) GPRS CS1-CS4; EDGE MCS1-MCS9 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 MHz GPRS / EDGE Multislot Class 12 (4 slots Rx, 4 slots Tx) GPRS CS1-CS4; EDGE MCS1-MCS9

EDGE:

HSUPA / HSDPA / UMTS:

Multi-bands variants with RX diversity 850 / 1900 / 2100 MHz Power Class 3 (+24 dBm) HSUPA mode: 2 Mbps: category 5, (upgradeable to 5.76Mbps: Category 6) HSDPA modes: HSDPA 1.8: Categories 1-4, 11 and 12 HSDPA 3.6: Categories 5 and 6 HSDPA 7.2: Category 7 and 8 Equalization and Rx Diversity at the same time UMTS: 384 Kbps operation in downlink, 384 Kbps in uplink LTE 1800

GPS unit installed in the CG6400 unit, and connects to the MAR, which distributes the information for further usage. o The GPS receiver connects to an active antenna on the rooftop of the train. o LNA power supply: 5VDC / 50mA o The GPS modem tracks 20 satellites simultaneously o The GPS information is distributed in NMEA-0183 format. The following info, among others, is available: GPS location Speed of the vehicle Height of the vehicle UTC time Number of satellites in view Free and spare slots are covered by front panels, shielded with EMC gaskets

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Dimensions Weight Operating system Power supply Power consumption Temperature ranges (operating) Relative humidity 3U ( 135mm) x 19 inch; depth = 291 mm +- 15 kg Linux 9 154V DC (in 3 selected ranges) 35 watt on 9 154 VDC without options All cPCI boards are from -40 to +85C at an airflow of 10m / h All cPCI board are resin coated and support up to 95% RH non-condensing

Figure 4: Technical specifications CG6400

2.1.2 Functional description of onboard software

Following software modules are integrated in the CG6400 unit. 2.1.2.1 The Mobile Access Router (MAR) The mobile access router software is responsible for setting up and maintaining the data connections between train and ground. To avoid connections to be lost when the backhaul link is switched (e.g. from a cellular link to a WiFi link), the mobile router encapsulates all data traffic into IP tunnels. These IP tunnels are terminated at the on-land tunnel server (TS), thus ensuring a seamless switchover from one backhaul technology to another.

MAR Features:
1) Routing algorithms: the way the MAR uses the backhaul networks Priority switching: a link with a higher priority is always preferred over others, when available; Link quality switching: if a link drops below a configurable quality level, a switchover to another link is made; Location based routing: links are used or abandoned based upon GPS coordinates (location); Link aggregation or bundling: two or more links are aggregated in one bitpipe; VLAN transparent routing: a VLAN on the train is transparently routed to a VLAN on the tunnel server; QoS: priority routing based upon VLAN tag, protocol/port number; Any combination of the above, allowing for e.g. least cost routing.

2) Security Local dynamic firewall, able to work with changing IP addresses on links; Probe packets between MAR and TS protected by ICV to prevent man-in-themiddle attacks; Router software daemons run as a normal user and uses sudo when root privileges are needed; Management traffic flows between MAR & TS in an IPsec protected tunnel.

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3) Quality of Service (QoS) There are 3 levels to be considered regarding QoS: On the onboard network. This network is not part of the estimate, but is based upon Bombardier sourced equipment. The Broadband on Trains WLAN access points support Virtual Access Points (VAP). We assume that VLAN QoS management will be supported on the onboard Ethernet network, enabling each VAP to connect to a VLAN on the train backbone network. Each VLAN can be assigned to a priority level to support QoS management. The mobile router can treat incoming packets according to several priority levels. A packet is assigned to a priority queue by the MAR according to the VLAN it is using, or the TCP/UDP port number, or according the TOS/DSCP byte. The radio connections, on the other hand, have different characteristics: o For the WiFi connections in the railway stations and depots, bandwidth can be reserved and QoS levels managed by the in-station network. o For a 3G public network provider, it is theoretically technically possible to do this, but almost no mobile network operator (MNO) currently offers this. The solution is dependent on what the backhaul network providers can offer us to support E2E quality of service.

4) Fair bandwidth management The purpose of fair bandwidth management is to divide the available bandwidth in a fair manner to all users or applications that want or need to make use of it. This is only needed when the total available bandwidth required is less than what is available. 5) Management & provisioning SNMP stack and MIB for alarming and statistics; SMP: Smart Management Proxy interfaces with the management server on-land using SNMP, has the ability to interface with non-SNMP enabled network elements onboard of the train, and remotely execute scripts on network elements. The SMP has a built-in file upload/download mechanism, which allows for firmware, software, content, etc to be transferred between train & ground. The SMP has the ability to make partial transfers of large files, and to resume after interrupted transfers. The amount of throughput that SMP can maximally use for these transfers is configurable, to allow a fair amount of throughput for other users or applications. Configuration via up-loadable configuration file; Configuration & diagnostics possible local via RS-232 port or remote via SSH access over the network; This interface is used:
to diagnose the system to configure the system to update new packages to install customized scripts to test the system to check the backhaul link status and quality to view log files and save them if needed

The local configuration and diagnostics interface main menu is shown below.

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Figure 5: The Mobile Access Router management tool

2.1.2.2 The Performance Enhancement Proxy (PEP) In contrast to the classic TCP accelerators, commonly used on satellite connections and WAN connections in general, the PEP is specifically designed to work in conditions which are typical for a train to ground communication system, where the characteristics of the links change very dynamically. In particular bit errors resulting in packet loss, and considerable variations in throughput and packet delays (jitter) cannot be properly handled by the traditional WAN accelerators. The main actions that the PEP performs for optimizing the communication links are the following: TCP window spoofing for handling long packet delays Running robust TCP variant between PEP on MAR and tunnel server for: o Handling packet loss / bit error on the links o Handling fast changes in bandwidth / delay product when links switch or links are bundled / unbundled o Both phenomena cause standard TCP to go frequently into slow-start mode causing considerable under usage of the available bandwidth In line ZIP proxy In line JPEG2000 proxy Bit string cache with learning dictionary Since the last 3 items require much RAM memory and local storage, we proposed an alternative HW platform for the Geode CPU. 2.1.2.3 Billing, Authentication and Portal The access gateway onboard of the train acts as a DHCP server for the restricted access VLAN and provides controlled access to onboard content and the Internet. Basically a very simple captive portal is part of the delivery, on which the passenger onboard of the train has to push the I agree button, before access is granted to the system. The basic portal is built on an industry-standard web server and written in widely known languages like PHP. This allows easy customization by designers who dont need to be aware of all details of the onboard infrastructure.

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Figure 6: Example one-click portal

When a more elaborate portal is required this can be considered together with the portal design. On top of this portal a more extensive portal including more elaborate content could be created. This portal created could contain following functions: A mix of free content, non-free content and Internet access. Access by a not-yetlogged-in user to non-free content and the Internet is intercepted and the user is presented a login screen. For each user the status of his connection can be shown, with indication of date, time how long connected. Another option is showing the current train location on a moving map. An interface with an authorization server via the industry-standard Radius protocol, to get an access granted or denied decision. After login, the access gateway can start to send accounting records to the Radius (AAA) server, to allow detailed billing per user. It is possible to assign a class when a user logs in and then send this class along with the accounting records.

The combination of the onboard authentication software, the basic portal and the on land Proxy AAA in the central data centre allows a very easy connection/integration with the Radius AAA sever at the ISP location. In this way the ISP could offer the on train passengers exactly the same billing functions as supported on his own Radius AAA system. This could be pre-paid billing, subscriptions, payment by credit card and others. All info received on the train is forwarded one to one to the Radius AAA of the ISP. In case other information is needed additional configuration will be needed.

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Figure 7: Extended portal example - Thalys

2.1.2.4 Fleet Network Manager train client On board of the train all data is collected by the Smart Management Proxy. This SMP wraps a management interface around the onboard equipment that you want to monitor via SNMP or other connections interfaces. All data is sent to the FNM Train Client that will store all data onboard of the train in the data collector. Before sending the collected data through to land all data is processed so bandwidth usage is minimized. The onboard FNM Train Client will also be contacted and activated when performing remote interventions like upgrades, content updates and others on the train. For example, scripts can be triggered via SNMP set commands. This way it is possible to build a set of procedures that can be triggered by the operational staff. Examples are a firmware updates, software resets, and others.

Roof top antenna

Possible scenario: One Sencity Excel bi-directional WiFi antenna for rooftop mounting and for 2G/3G and GPS. One Sencity Excel bi-directional WiFi antenna for rooftop mounting for LTE. A basic coax cabling set for the connection between rooftop antenna and main rack (standard length in offer 12m) A metal mounting plate

The 2 2G/3G modems are combined via an antenna combiner and connected to one antenna. Cabling between the antenna and the main rack is part of our proposal (12m). In case the length is different a price adjustment might be necessary. This will become clear after the site survey.

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The secondary rack: WDS200

Passengers or staff can connect their WiFi enabled device via the WiFi antennas to the access points in the coaches. Each coach is equipped with 1 WDS200. The WDS200 unit is a preconfigured unit containing a double access points and a power supply.

Figure 8: Schematic drawing on train network

The compact sizing of the unit allows an easy built-in into your train. The access points for passenger WiFi access use Wireless LAN standards 802.11b (11 Mbit/s) and 802.11g (54 Mbit/s) which ensures that the onboard service is compatible with various devices such as notebooks, PDAs, mobile phonesBetween the coaches the 802.11a (5GHz) standard is used as this is a more stable connection. This antenna is installed indoors at end of the coach in the middle of width of the coach. If required an external antenna is also available. It is possible to configure secure connections for staff access or applications.
Figure 9: WDS200 unit

2.3.1 Technical data

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The WDS200 consists of following railway compliant units: A AC/DC 110 V power supply unit. It is assumed that for connection of the power (110Volt DC) a power cable with connector is delivered by the customer. For each secondary rack a power cable with Wago connector Model 2312110/037-000 needs to be available on the train. A CPCI frame with one backplane. One double access point is used as a WDS bridge for the connections between the coaches. The WDS bridges will be configured for using the 802.11a frequency band, as to avoid possible interferences with the 802.11b,g radio signals for the users WLAN access. All these WDS bridges in the coaches together form the wireless in-train backbone. The second part of the access point will be used for WLAN access for the passengers. The access points can be configured with up to 16 virtual access points (VAP), as to provide secure access for different applications, via one physical device. Every VAP can be separately configured with its own SSID, access security rules, and mapped to four QoS queues, each linked to a VLAN on the backbone network. Two fast Ethernet connectors using D-coded M12 connectors for external devices, one is used to connect to WDS100 WLAN antennae support N-connectors.

In addition to WDS200 following WiFi antennas are part of our proposal: 2 Omni-directional 2.4 GHz WiFi antennas for passenger usage.

Standard is a 30 m cable to connect the WDS200 with the main rack. If during the site survey it seems that different cable lengths are required, prices might change slightly. Both secondary rack configurations have following technical specifications:
DIMENSIONS

From -25 to + 60C ( +/- 0,5C delta) -45 to + 85C ( system degradation possible )

WEIGHT

12 Watt nominal (15Watt max ) Input voltage between 16,8 50 VDC

POWER SUPPLY POWER CONSUMPTION TEMPERATURE RANGES CONNECTORS RELATIVE HUMIDITY RAILWAY APPROVALS

65 x 200 x 360 N-type, M12 D-coded, Wago Support up to 95% RH noncondensing Each side contains two M5 stifts for unit fixation. +/- 2,9 Kg

EN50155 Figure 10: Technical specification WDS200

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2.3.2 Features
The following features are integrated as a standard in the secondary units. Provision of data transfer between coaches: theoretical throughput is 54Mb. Enable special access for train staff or train applications: the access points used in the WDS200 can use multiple SSID/VLAN combinations per radio card, each with its own authentication and encryption method This Secured user access: built in security that prevent passengers to connect to other users Automatic Wireless reconfiguration: when adding or changing coaches from train sets the wireless train backbone automatic configures or reconfigures without the need of a human intervention. Support of SNMP by all components Designed and manufactured according to railway standards (EN50155, FCC class B, CE approval)

Optional: redundant configuration: It is possible two use two WDS200 to provide for redundancy on both the user access level as on the train backbone level. The redundancy can by provided by either the spanning tree protocol, or by using service sensors. This last method allows for using both legs simultaneously in the wireless train backbone, doubling the available bandwidth, while spanning three only allows the use of one leg at the time in the redundant configuration.

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Optional: Certification of main equipment

When changes to the standard solution (CG6400, WDS200, ) are needed a recertification might be needed. If certification testing will be performed; below is a description of a possible test scenario,. Certification tests EMC: o Compliance test EN 55011 o Radiated emission: 30 - 1000MHz @ 3m, Class A o Radiated emission: 230 - 300MHz @ 3m, 50dBV/m. o Radiated emission: 151 - 157MHz @ 3m, 32dBV/m. o Radiated emission: 457,40 - 458,45MHz @ 3m, 22dBV/m.A30 o Radiated emission: 467,40 - 468,45MHz @ 3m, 22dBV/m. o Compliance test EN 50121-3-2. o Conducted emission DC power ports: 0,15 - 30MHz. o Conducted emission I/O power ports: 0,15 - 30MHz. o EFT DC power ports: +/- 2kV. o Surges DC power ports: +/- 1,8kV. o Conducted RF DC power ports: 0,15 - 80MHz, 3Vrms o Variations / Interruptions DC power ports: see EN 50155. o EFT I/O ports: +/- 2kV. o Conducted RF I/O ports: 0,15 - 80MHz, 3Vrms. o Radiated RF enclosure ports: 80 - 1000MHz, 10Vrms. o ESD enclosure ports: +/- 6 / 8 kV Certification Safety: o Compliance test EN / IEC 60950-1 o Compliance test EN 50153 Klima, vibration test / EMC testing o Compliance test EN 50155: o Cooling test: Dry cold according EN 60068-2-1 o Heat test: Dry heat according EN 60068-2-1 o Temperature measurement in housing o Air temperature above PCBs o Over-heating, 10 min., start-up o Compliance test EN 61373: o Functional vibration test. o Vibration endurance test, X, Y en Z as, 5h/as, total 15h o Vibration endurance test, X, Y en Z as, 1h/as, total 3h o Shock test. A final certification plan needs to be discussed between the customer and Nokia Siemens Networks. All certification must take place before the installation of any equipment on the train. If equipped is already installed before certification and problems occur Nokia Siemens Networks cannot be held responsible for necessary changes.

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On train TV screens
This is a 18.5 or 21.5 LCD display with integrated media player hardware. This master display is connected to the network (WLAN, GPRS, 3G,) and if applicable to the onboard vehicle computer of the bus to retrieve real time travel information. A security camera can be connected to this 18.5 or 21.5 Mobile Master with a composite video input. Optionally, an analogue PAL/SECAM tuner can be embedded in the Mobile Master display. Panel size Resolution Aspect ratio Colour depth Brightness Contrast Viewing angle Response time Lamp life time Panel type 18,5-19" 1366x768 16/9 16,7 300 cd/m 800/1 vertical 170 horizontal 160 5ms 50.000 hours tv 21,5" 1920x1080 16/9 M16,7 300 cd/m 1000/1 vertical 170 horizontal 160 5ms 50.000 hours general

Embedded player specifications: o o o o o Based on Intel 945 chipset and Atom processor @ 1,6Ghz 1Gb RAM memory & 4GB on-board storage (industrial CF) 1x Ethernet 10/100/1000 2x USB 1x RS232 & 1xRS485

The display solution with embedded player is compliant with EN50155, T1: o o o fully operational when environmental temperature (temperature in vehicle nearby equipment) ranges from 0 to 55C short-term (max. 15 minutes) startup conditions with environmental temperatures up to 15C higher Powering the equipment in case of negative environmental temperatures (-25 till -1C) will not damage the electronics; the solution is equipped with an automatic fail safe mode for these specific conditions. The equipment will become fully operational when internal equipment temperature reaches 0C.

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Figure 11: 18,5 inch screen measurements

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3.

Services proposal

Nokia Siemens Networks provides Care Services as described in this document consisting of Software and Hardware Services towards Siemens to ensure highest availability of the solution.

Support Model
Figure below illustrates on a high level the support model and his stakeholders. Details for all Maintenance Services provided by Nokia Siemens Networks are defined in following chapters.

Service process
Telephone, Mail, SMS First Line Maintenance (FLM) Remote

Passenger + Billing + portal Helpdesk

To be defined

Field Service On site

On site request

Customer Spare Stock On-site

Repair and replacement Service

Alarm Surveillance Intervention planning

Remote Maintenance*

Content Release & admin

Performance Monitoring

Level 1 18/7 By NSN

NSN Ticket Tool 18/7 Response times during office hours 8/5

OPTIONAL Qualify case and define next steps:

Remote troubleshooting prepare workaround trigger onsite intervention by Field service (replacement, hard reset, ) escalate to L3 and partners

Emergency support for critical fault 18/7, by phone

Level 2 8/5 By NSN

Handle spare parts, test and if repairable follow process

3rd party suppliers

W arranty only Spare on-site

NSN R&D 8x5 GMT+2 SLA according L3

Field Service On site

Level 3 8/5 By NSN

*According to procedures in Fleet Network Manager (restart system, VPN test, ). No on-site support by NSN is foreseen NSN emergency service times 06:00 24:00 for critical faults 1 Nokia Siemens Networks
Primary colors: R 255 G 211 B 8 R 255 G 175 B 0 R 127 G 16 B 162 Supporting colors: R 255 G 255 B 255 R0 G0 B0 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 163 G 166 B 173 R 234 G 234 B 234 R 175 G0 B 51 R 52 G 195 B 51

Figure 12: overview Support Model

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4.

Abbreviations

AAA Authentication, Authorization, Accounting AC Alternating Current ADSL Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line AJT Average Journey Time ARPU Average revenue per user ASP Application Service Provider BER Bit Error Rate BS Base Station BW Bandwidth (in the sense of data throughput) CAPEX Capital expense DC Direct Current DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DNS Domain Name System EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol FDD Frequency Division Duplexing FMM Fleet Management Monitor FTP File transfer protocol GMUD: Generalised multi user detection HNS bandwidth management system HW Hardware INC Integrated Network Controller KPI Key performance indicators LAN Local Area Network LTE Long Term Evolution M2Y Music to You / Media to You MAC Media Access Control MAR Multilink Access Router Mbps Mega bits per second MIB Management Information Base MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output MLE Multilink Endpoint Router MNO Mobile network operator MS Microsoft MVB Multifunctional Vehicle Bus NOC Network Operations Centre NSP Network Service Provider NTP Network Timing Protocol OPEX Operational expenditure PDA Personal Digital Assistant PEP Performance Enhancement Proxy Performance Enhancement Proxy (PEP) QoS Quality of Service RNC Radio Network Controller RoF Radio over Fibre RSS Really Simple Syndication (Web feed format) SLA Service level agreement

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SMP SMTP SNMP SSID TCS TDD TOC TS VAP VLAN VoD VoIP VPN VSAT WDS WDS WiFi WiMax WISP WLAN WPA WPA-PSK

Smart Management Proxy Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Simple Network Management Protocol Service Set Identifier Train Communication Solution Time Division Duplexing Train Operator Company Tunnel Server Virtual Access Points Virtual Local Area Network Video on Demand Voice over IP Virtual Private Network Very Small Aperture Terminal Wireless Distribution System Wireless Distribution System WLAN standard Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Wireless Internet Service Provider Wireless LAN WiFi Protected Access WPA with pre-shared keys

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