Everything in the universe is made of matter Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.

. Which are extrememly small, theyre invisible for the human eye An element is matter which consist of only one type of atom A compound is matter which consist of more than one kind of atom. Pure substances are made up of a single type of element or compound. e.g. Gold, iron, salt

Types of matter

Mixtures are made up of several pure substances. e.g. sea water (water and salt) General Mass: Its the amount of matter in an object. Its usually measured in kg. Volume: Its the amount of space which an object occupies. Its usually mess in liters Density: is mass per volume. To calculate density: Mass

Properties
Characteristic Odour Colour Shininess Density

---------Volume

Have a fixed volumen and shape Solids e.g. wood Have a fixed volume, but not a fixed shape. Liquids take the shape of their container e.g. water

States of matter

Liquids

Gaseoso Do not have a fixed volume or a fixed shape e.g. water vapour

1. Melting A solid changes into a liquid (ice water) 2. Evaporation/ Evaporation A liquid changes into a gas (water water vapour)

3. Condensation A gas into liquid (water vapour water) 4. Solidification A liquid changes into a solid (water ice) 5. Sublimation A solid changes into gas (solid air fresheners gas)

The object or the substance changes, but the matter remains the same. E.g. when water freezes, its still water

Physical changes
Examples

Movement: the object changes position, but the matter remain the same Expansion : when the temperature of an object increases, it gets bigger. E.g mercury in a termometer Changes of state: when the temperature rises, th estate changes. E.g. water steam Fragmentation: the object is divided into small pieces. E.g. if a glass breaks,the pieces are still a glass The original matter changes into a difference substance. When a paper burns, it changes into ashes and gases.

Chemical changes

Ejemplos

Oxidation: one substance changes into another hwen it reacts with oxygen. E.g. iron changes into rust Combustion:when an object or substance is burned.When wood burns, it changes into ashes and gases. Putrefaction: this occur when a living thing descompones. E.g. an aple decays, its apperance, colour, smell and taste change