Projection

MEMB113 Drawing 07 Multiview Projection
07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING
MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005
Content
Projection Theory Multi-view Projection [Planes | Lines] Multi-view [6 principle views | View placement] Projection angle [1 angle | 3 angle] Detail drawing [1-view | 2-view | 3-view drawing] Creating multi-view drawing View selection Line convention Common feature in multi-view drawing
st rd
adzlyanuar 2004
5.1 Projection Theory
Engineering and technical

graphics are dependent on projection methods 2 methods primarily used Parallel: object positioned at infinity & viewed from multiple points on an imaginary line parallel to the object Perspective: object position at finite distance & viewed from a single point
Parallel
Perspective

Projection theory comprises of the principles used to graphically represent 3D objects on 2D media Based on 2 variables: Line of Sight (LOS): an imaginary ray of light between and observers eye and an object. Parallel all LOS are parallel; perspective all LOS start at a point Plane of projection: an imaginary flat plane where the image created by LOS is projected.
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004

Projections Perspective Projections Parallel Projections
Linear Perspective
Aerial Perspective
Oblique Projections
Orthographic Projections Axonometric Projections Multiview Projections
5.1 Projection Theory: Multi-view
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004
Orthographic projection: a parallel proj. technique where

the proj. plane is placed between observer and object and is perpendicular to the parallel lines of sight
Changing view point
5.2 Multi-view projection
Multiview projection is an orthographic projection for

which the object is behind the plane of projection, and the object is orientated such that only two of its dimensions are shown.
object Projection plane
Orthographic projection Front View
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004
Multiview drawings
Employ multiview projection technique Generally three views of an object are drawn Each view is a 2D flat image
Right side view
Top view
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004
Multiview drawing of an object
5.2 Multi-view: Lines
Lines in multi-view
projection
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004
5.2 Multi-view: Planes
5.2 Multi-view: Planes
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004
5.3 Multi-view: The 6 principal views
The 6 principal views

are the six mutually perpendicular views that are produced by six mutually perpendicular planes of projection Imagine an object is suspended in a glass box, the 6 sides become projection plane showing the six views
The views are laid flat by unfolding the glass box This forms the basis of two
important multiview drawing standard
Top, front and bottom views are

all aligned vertically & share the same width dim. Rear, left, front and right side are aligned horizontally & share same height dim.
Alignment of views Fold lines
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004

glass box
Fold lines are the imaginary hinged edges of the

The fold line between the top & front views is labeled H/F The distance from a point in front view to the H/F is the same
as the distance from the corresponding point in the top view to the H/F fold line
5.4 Multi-view: View Placement
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004
5.4 Multi-view: View Placement
The arrangement of views may vary as shown,

where the top view is considered the central view
Alternate view arrrangement
5.5
1st-
and
3rd-angle
projection
There are two standard

arrangement of all six views of an object First-angle projection Third-angle projection Each uses a different symbol The names are derived from the method used to view the object being drawn
3rd angle projection
1st angle projection
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004
10
5.5 1st- and 3rd-angle projection
In first-angle projection,
the object is placed in the first quadrant In third-angle projection, the object is placed in the third quadrant
5.5
1st-
and
3rd-angle
projection
Brief rules
1st angle projection View from above is placed underneath View from below is placed above View from left is placed on right View from right is placed on left
3rd angle projection View from above is place above View from below is placed below View from left is placed on left View from right is placed on right
Symbols
3rd angle projection 1st angle projection
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004
11
5.5 1st- and 3rd-angle projection
Third-angle projection
First-angle projection
adzlyanuar 2004
5.6 One-view & two-view drawings
One-view
Two-view
Three-view
adzlyanuar 2004
One-view
12
5.6 Two-view drawings
Examples
5.6 Steps in creating multi-view drawing

READ H SKETC DRAW
Decide: Projection angle, Location of view, Scale
Prepare paper
-> Draw border -> Title block -> etc.
Construct view (outline)

-> Using thin pencil -> Measure & place view -> Project all views -> Final lining: hidden & centre lines (thin), arcs & circles (thick)
TOP
depth
y Lining views
-> Line in the rest of the lines -> Start from top left -> Construction lines may be left if thin enough
FRONT
height
SIDE
y y = (total length height depth)/3

-> Dimension, notes, etc. -> Finish off title block, etc.
adzlyanuar 2004
Finish drawing
adzlyanuar 2004
Two-view
13
5.6 3-view dwg
Before start drawing, produce sketch on rough paper
Decide on front view and projection angle Obtain the overall width, height and depth Place the views (in block) Determine approx. space between the views Sketch the component,
place dimensions
adzlyanuar 2004
5.6 Creating 3-view drawing
(1) Drawing of border/frame and location of view (2) Light construction of view (inc. title block frame) (3) Lining in the views (4) Dimensioning and inserting of any subtitles and notes (5) Drawing title block, parts list and revision table
adzlyanuar 2004
14
(1) Draw border/frame, title block, etc.

Draw border, title block
title block revisions
revisions
parts list title block title block
Locating the view
should be approx. in centre distance between view =

(total length available view length) / 3
adzlyanuar 2004
Drawing projection lines
Projecting views
45O
TOP VIEW
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
(a) FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
(b) FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW
45O
45O
SIDE VIEW
(c) FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
(d)
FRONT VIEW
adzlyanuar 2004
15
(2) Light construction of the views

Draw light/thin horizontal & vertical lines accordingly for front view Draw center lines and hidden lines as final Draw top (or side) view Project top view (or side) from front view using thin, light construction line Draw side (or top) view Project side view (or top) from front view and top (or side) view All arcs and circles should be lined (final) at this stage
(3) Lining in of the views
To darken all visible edges (lines that represent a hard edge) Done using thick, black pencil (0.5mm, 2B) Should be done systematically for 3 views Start with horizontal line at the top of the
top/plan view, working down the page using T-square From left hand side, working across the page, line in all vertical lines, using Tsquare and set square Projection lines may be left on the drawing if they are very light
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004
16
(4) Write dimensioning, notes, annotation, etc. Be aware of redundant dimensioning

parts list & revision table, and others.
(5) Complete drawing by writing the rest of title block,
5.7 View Selection
4 basic decisions
(1) Determine the best position. The object must be positioned in such a way that the surface of major features are either perpendicular or parallel to glass planes.
(1)
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004
17
5.7 View Selection
(2) Define the front view. Should show the object in natural state and show most features.
(2)
5.7 View Selection
(3) Determine the minimum number of views needed to completely describe the object. (4) Determine other views that have fewest number of hidden lines
(3) (4)
adzlyanuar 2004
adzlyanuar 2004
18
5.8 Line convention
Hidden lines
Centre lines
Hidden features
adzlyanuar 2004
5.8 Line convention
Hidden
lines
Drawing conventions for hidden lines
adzlyanuar 2004
19
End of chapter [07] References: Engineering Drawing, A.W. Boundy, McGraw-Hill, 2000
- Fundamentals of Graphics Communication 3rd Edition, Gary Bertoline & Eric Weibe, McGraw-Hill
20

Projection

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Projection

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MEMB113 Drawing 07 Multiview Projection

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.1 Projection Theory

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Engineering and technical

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.1 Projection Theory

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.1 Projection Theory

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Orthographic Projections Axonometric Projections Multiview Projections

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.1 Projection Theory: Multi-view

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.1 Projection Theory

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Orthographic projection: a parallel proj. technique where

Changing view point

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.2 Multi-view projection

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Multiview projection is an orthographic projection for

Orthographic projection Front View

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.2 Multi-view projection

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.2 Multi-view projection

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Right side view

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.2 Multi-view projection

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Multiview drawing of an object

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.2 Multi-view: Lines

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

5.2 Multi-view: Planes

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.2 Multi-view: Planes

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.3 Multi-view: The 6 principal views

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

The 6 principal views

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.3 Multi-view: The 6 principal views

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Top, front and bottom views are

Alignment of views Fold lines

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.3 Multi-view: The 6 principal views

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Fold lines are the imaginary hinged edges of the

07 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION DRAWING

5.4 Multi-view: View Placement

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005